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Countersupermajoritarianism, Frederic Bloom, Nelson Tebbe

Publications

How should the Constitution change? In Originalism and the Good Constitution, John McGinnis and Michael Rappaport argue that it ought to change in only one way: through the formal mechanisms set out in the Constitution’s own Article V. This is so, they claim, because provisions adopted by supermajority vote are more likely to be substantively good. The original Constitution was ratified in just that way, they say, and subsequent changes should be implemented similarly. McGinnis and Rappaport also contend that this substantive goodness is preserved best by a mode of originalist interpretation. In this Review, we press two main arguments. …

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Applied To A Doubly Fed Induction Generator For Wind Turbines, Sid Ahmed El Mehdi Ardjoun, Mohamed Abid

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper an indirect vector control using fuzzy sliding mode control is proposed for a double-fed induction generator (DFIG), applied for a wind energy conversion system in variable speed. The objective is to independently control the active and reactive power generated by the DFIG, which is decoupled by the orientation of the flux. The sliding mode control finds its strongest justification for the problem concerning the use of a robust nonlinear control law for the model uncertainties. As far as the fuzzy mode control is concerned, it aims at reducing the chattering effect. The obtained results show the increasing …

Model-Reference Sliding Mode Control Of A Three-Phase Four-Leg Voltage Source Inverter For Stand-Alone Distributed Generation Systems, Ayhan Özdemi̇r, İrfan Yazici, Zeki̇ye Erdem

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper proposes a discrete-time model-reference sliding mode control of three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters for stand-alone distributed generation systems. Three-phase four-leg voltage source inverters (VSIs) are used in a broad area. A discrete-time model-reference sliding mode controller, having superior advantages such as insensitivity to external disturbances, system parameter variations, and modeling errors, is applied to control the output voltage of three-phase four-leg VSIs. As a new study, the discrete-time model-reference sliding mode control with a supplemented output feedback integral controller is proposed so that the controlled output voltages of the VSI tracks the input reference signal. The controller is …

Performance Analysis Of A 500-Kwp Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant In Kahramanmaraş, Şaban Yilmaz, Hasan Riza Özçalik

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In today's world, the daily need for and cost of energy sources increase and this forces industrial institutions to seek for new ways to generate their own energy. The developments in photovoltaic systems have recently drawn attention in the business world. Although their installation costs are high, they are environmentally friendly and profitable investments in the long run. The cost analysis of a large-scale photovoltaic generator in the climatic conditions of Kahramanmara\c{s} will lead the way to new investments. In this study, the modeling and cost analysis of an on-grid photovoltaic generator of 500 kW, which was installed to provide …

New Three-Dimensional Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Of Pv-Af System Based On The Gh$\Gamma $ Coordinate System, Juan Zhou, Malong Liu, Chen Wei, Chaoxu Gao, Xiaojie Wu

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The photovoltaic power generation and active filter (PV-AF) system can realize photovoltaic grid-connected power regulation, and meanwhile it can also improve the power quality of power grid effectively. The four-leg grid-connected inverter has successfully been used in the three-phase four-wire system. In this paper, a three-dimensional space vector pulse width modulation (3D-SVPWM) method based on the gh$\gamma $ coordinate system for a four-leg inverter has been proposed. As the switching vectors of the four-leg inverter are in the three-dimensional space, it is difficult to realize the complex modulation process. In order to simplify the modulation process, the reference vector is …

Stability Preservation And Power Management In Autonomous Microgrids Using Adaptive Nonlinear Droop Scheme, Sara Nourollah, Abolfazl Pirayesh, Poria Astero

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper proposes sharing active and reactive power in autonomous voltage source inverter (VSI)-based microgrids with no physical communication links. In decentralized VSI-based microgrids, when the demand or generation changes, the output voltage of distributed generation units and the frequency of the system will also change. This study presents a novel adaptive nonlinear droop (ANLD) scheme for preserving network stability, improving the system's dynamics, and controlling power sharing in multibus microgrids in a decentralized manner. Subcontrollers are modeled in a state space and combined together so that a complete dynamic model of the network can be developed. Note that controller …

Performance Analysis Of A Low-Cost Current-Source 1-Ph Grid-Connected Pv Inverter, Gürhan Ertaşgin, Wen Liang Soong, Nesimi Ertugrul

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper investigates the design and performance of a 150 W single-phase current-source grid-connected inverter topology that is based on a PV array and DC link inductor acting as a constant-current source. The inverter is implemented using a single boost switch, an H-bridge inverter, and a CL output filter. The inverter output current is simply controlled using the boost switch and open-loop or feedforward control. The dark I-V configuration is used to simulate two series PV modules. Comprehensive test results are obtained to validate the computer simulation results. Furthermore, the proposed inverter's ability to deliver a sinusoidal current to the …

Amorphous Core Transformers Efficiency Analysis In Turkish Electrical Distribution Systems, Fati̇h Işik, Yilmaz Uyaroğlu

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Transformers are an indispensable element in the transmission and distribution of electricity. While they are highly efficient, the increasing global demand for electrical energy has prompted efforts to improve their performance. No-load power losses constitute the majority of total losses within electrical energy distribution, especially when looking at load ratio. In recent years, some studies have found that no-load power losses of amorphous core transformers are less than those of laminated steel core transformers by as much as 60{\%} to 70{\%}. For this paper, we have manufactured an amorphous distribution transformer prototype rated 33 kV and 1 MVA. By quantifying …

Energy Economy In Regulated And Market-Based Power System: Case Study In Serbia, Mileta Zarkovic, Ivan Skokljev

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This study presents a possible process of simulating power plant generation planning. The process combines expected overall industry costs, associated cost uncertainty, and expected CO$_{2}$ emissions for different generations, variations of future fossil fuel costs, carbon prices, plant investment costs, and demand, including price elasticity impacts. Uncertainty in the decision stems from the elasticity of prices of fuel and electricity. The aim of this paper is to apply fuzzy numbers to power generation planning and to use a Monte Carlo simulation to check. Simulations are demonstrated through a case study of an electricity industry with coal and lignite, combined cycle …

Design, Application, And Power Performance Analyses Of A Micro Wind Turbine, Hayati̇ Mamur

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this study, design, implementation, and power performance analyses of a micro wind turbine (MWT) system are presented. An original permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) that reduced cogging torque was employed as a generator in the MWT. A novel blade form offering better performance at low wind speeds was also utilized for the MWT blades. Power performance analyses of the MWT were carried out for different wind regimes by truck testing. Performance coefficient, cut-in, and cut-out of the MWT were determined as 27.7{\%}, 2.7 m/s, and 20 m/s at the end of the truck testing, respectively. Moreover, a new supervisory …

Anisotropy Reversal Of The Upper Critical Field At Low Temperatures And Spin-Locked Superconductivity In K₂Cr₃As₃, F. F. Balakirev, T. Kong, M. Jaime, R. D. Mcdonald, C. H. Mielke, A. Gurevich, P. C. Canfield, S. L. Bud'ko

Physics Faculty Publications

We report measurements of the anisotropic upper critical field H_c2(T) for K₂Cr₃As₃ single crystals up to 60 T and T > 0.6K. Our results show that the upper critical field parallel to the Cr chains, H^∥_c2(T), exhibits a paramagnetically limited behavior, whereas the shape of the H^⊥_c2(T) curve (perpendicular to the Cr chains) has no evidence of paramagnetic effects. As a result, the curves H^⊥_c2(T) and H^∥_c2(T) cross at T ≈ 4K, so that the anisotropy parameter _H(T)=H …

Current-Induced Depairing In The Bi₂Te₃/Fete Interfacial Superconductor, M. N. Kunchur, C. L. Dean, N. Shayesteh Moghadam, J. M. Knight, Q. L. He, H. Liu, J. Wang, R. Lortz, I. K. Sou, Alex Gurevich

Physics Faculty Publications

We investigated current induced depairing in the Bi₂Te₃/FeTe topological insulator-chalcogenide interface superconductor. The measured depairing current density provides information on the magnetic penetration depth and superfluid density, which in turn shed light on the nature of the normal state that underlies the interfacial superconductivity.

Virtuality Distributions And Pion Transition Form Factor, A. V. Radyushkin

Physics Faculty Publications

Using the example of hard exclusive transition process ᵞ*ᵞ → π⁰ at the handbag level, we outline basics of a new approach to transverse momentum dependence in hard processes. In coordinate representation, matrix elements of operators (in the simplest case, bilocal 𝒪(0, z)) describing a hadron with momentum p, are functions of (pz) and z² parametrized through virtuality distribution amplitudes (VDA) Φ(x, σ), with x being Fourier-conjugate to (pz) and σ Laplace-conjugate to z2. For intervals with z⁺ = 0, we introduce the transverse momentum distribution amplitude (TMDA) Ψ(x, k_⊥), and write it in terms of VDA …

Question 1: Shaving Time; Question 2: Half-Filling The Gas Tank, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

How much total time does a typical American spend shaving during his or her life? How much total time per year do Americans spend shaving?

How much money can you save by only half-filling your car's gas tank to reduce weight?

Resonant 𝜋⁺𝜸 → 𝜋⁺𝜋⁰ Amplitude From Quantum Chromodynamics, Raúl A. Briceño, Jozef J. Dudek, Robert G. Edwards, Christian J. Shultz, Christopher E. Thomas, David J. Wilson

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the first ab initio calculation of a radiative transition of a hadronic resonance within quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We compute the amplitude for 𝜋𝜋→𝜋𝜸^⋆, as a function of the energy of the 𝜋𝜋 pair and the virtuality of the photon, in the kinematic regime where 𝜋𝜋 couples strongly to the unstable ρ resonance. This exploratory calculation is performed using a lattice discretization of QCD with quark masses corresponding to m_π ≈ 400  MeV. We obtain a description of the energy dependence of the transition amplitude, constrained at 48 kinematic points, that we can analytically continue …

Precision Measurement Of The Longitudinal Double-Spin Asymmetry For Inclusive Jet Production In Polarized Proton Collisions At √S= 200gev, L. Adamczyk, J.K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, S. Bültmann, I. Koralt, Star Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We report a new measurement of the midrapidity inclusive jet longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, A_LL, in polarized pp collisions at center-of-mass energy √s = 200 GeV. The STAR data place stringent constraints on polarized parton distribution functions extracted at next-to-leading order from global analyses of inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS), semi-inclusive DIS, and RHIC pp data. The measured asymmetries provide evidence at the 3σ level for positive gluon polarization in the Bjorken-x region x > 0.05.

Patent Law Challenges For The Internet Of Things, W. Keith Robinson

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

In the near future, emerging technologies will allow billions of everyday devices to be connected via the Internet. This increasingly popular phenomenon is referred to as the Internet of Things (“IoT”). The IoT is broadly defined as technology that allows everyday devices to (1) become “smart” and (2) communicate with other smart devices. Estimates indicate that the market for smart devices, such as wearables, will grow to $70 billion dollars in the next ten years. Like many other emerging technologies, the entrepreneurs and companies developing these applications will seek patent protection for their inventions. In turn, the current U.S. patent …

Patent Scope And Enablement In Rapidly Developing Arts, Alan L. Durham

Articles

The claims of a patent and its enabling disclosure must be commensurate in scope However because of the openended nature of most patent claims in fields of rapidlydeveloping technology it is almost inevitable that before the patent has expired the claims will read on embodiments that the specification does not teach The current law on scope enablement is the source of much confusion Because enablement must be judged from a filingdate perspective some cases dismiss later advancements eg a newlydiscovered species within a claimed genus as irrelevant Other cases in contrast hold patent claims invalid because they exceed the scope …

Effects Of Sex And Mycorrhizal Fungi On Gas Exchange In The Dioecious Salt Marsh Grass Distichlis Spicata, Kassandra Reuss-Schmidt, Todd N. Rosenstiel, Sally R. Rogers, Allie G. Simpson, Sarah M. Eppley

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Premise of research. In dioecious plant species, males and females often differ in physiology, and mycorrhizal fungal relationships are likely to influence these differences. However, few data are available on the potential role of mycorrhizal fungi in altering sex-specific physiology and population sex ratios of dioecious plant species.

Methodology. In this study, we measured leaf gas exchange in a multifactorial greenhouse experiment with and without mycorrhizal fungal additions and under field conditions in Distichlis spicata, a dioecious C4 salt marsh grass, displaying extreme spatial sex ratio variation.

Pivotal results. We found a significant interaction between gas exchange, plant sex, and …

Ndsu Magazine : Spring 2015

NDSU Magazine

No abstract provided.

Towards A Resolution Of The Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron And Positron Scattering Data, Clas Collaboration, D. Adikaram, L. B. Weinstein, R. P. Bennett, K. P, Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, S. Careccia, L. El Fassi, C. E. Hyde, A. Klein, S E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, Z. W. Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, G^p_E, extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can significantly affect the extraction of G^p_Efrom the unpolarized electron-proton cross sections. We determined the TPE contribution by measuring the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections using a simultaneous, tertiary electron-positron beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target and detecting the scattered particles in the Jefferson Lab CLAS detector. This novel technique allowed us to cover a wide range in virtual …

Recent Developments In Superconducting Deflecting-Mode Cavities, J. R. Delayen

Physics Faculty Publications

In the last few years there has been a growing interest in compact superconducting cavities operating in a deflecting mode to be used either in rf separators or crabbing systems. This talk will give an overview of recent progress in global activities towards SRF deflecting mode cavities.

Single And Double Spin Asymmetries For Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Measured With Clas And A Longitudinally Polarized Proton Target, S. Pisano, A. Biselli, S. Niccolai, K. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, S. E. Kuhn, L. B. Weinstein, Z. W. Zhao, Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

Single-beam, single-target, and double spin asymmetries for hard exclusive electroproduction of a photon on the proton ^→e^→p~ → e'p'γ are presented. The data were taken at Jefferson Lab using the CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally polarized ¹⁴NH₃ target. The three asymmetries were measured in 165 four-dimensional kinematic bins, covering the widest kinematic range ever explored simultaneously for beam and target-polarization observables in the valence quark region. The kinematic dependences of the obtained asymmetries are discussed and compared to the predictions of models of generalized parton distributions. The measurement of three DVCS spin observables …

Ultrafast Hole Trapping And Relaxation Dynamics In P-Type Cus Nanodisks, John Ludwig, Li An, Brian Pattengale, Qingyu Kong, Xiaoyi Zhang, Pinxian Xi, Jier Huang

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

CuS nanocrystals are potential materials for developing low-cost solar energy conversion devices. Understanding the underlying dynamics of photoinduced carriers in CuS nanocrystals is essential to improve their performance in these devices. In this work, we investigated the photoinduced hole dynamics in CuS nanodisks (NDs) using the combination of transient optical (OTA) and X-ray (XTA) absorption spectroscopy. OTA results show that the broad transient absorption in the visible region is attributed to the photoinduced hot and trapped holes. The hole trapping process occurs on a subpicosecond time scale, followed by carrier recombination (~100 ps). The nature of the hole trapping sites, …

Chemoselective Formation Of Unsymmetrically Substituted Ethers From Catalytic Reductive Coupling Of Aldehydes And Ketones With Alcohols In Aqueous Solution, Nishantha Kumara Kalutharage, Chae S. Yi

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

A well-defined cationic Ru–H complex catalyzes reductive etherification of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols. The catalytic method employs environmentally benign water as the solvent and cheaply available molecular hydrogen as the reducing agent to afford unsymmetrical ethers in a highly chemoselective manner.

A Cu4S Model For The Nitrous Oxide Reductase Active Sites Supported Only By Nitrogen Ligands, Brittany J. Johnson, William E. Antholine, Sergey V. Lindeman, Neal P. Mankad

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

To model the (His)₇Cu₄S_n (n = 1 or 2) active sites of nitrous oxide reductase, the first Cu₄(μ₄-S) cluster supported only by nitrogen donors has been prepared using amidinate supporting ligands. Structural, magnetic, spectroscopic, and computational characterization is reported. Electrochemical data indicates that the 2-hole model complex can be reduced reversibly to the 1-hole state and irreversibly to the fully reduced state.

Structural Classification Of Metal Complexes With Three-Coordinate Centres, Timothy L. Davis, Joshua A. Watts, Kenneth J. Brown, Jeewantha S. Hewage, Alexander Richard Treleven, Sergey V. Lindeman, James R. Gardinier

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Attempts to describe the geometry about three-coordinate silver(I) complexes have proven difficult because interatomic angles generally vary wildly and there is no adequate or readily available classification system found in the literature. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database shows that complexes formed between any metal centre and three non-metal donors (18001 examples) usually adopt geometries that are quite different than ideal ‘textbook’ extremes of either trigonal planar (∼4% with α = β = γ = 120 ± 2°), T-shaped (∼0.05% with α = 180 ± 2°, β = γ = 90 ± 2°), or trigonal pyramidal (∼0.3% with α …

The Pneumatic Common: Learning In, With And From The Air, Derek R. Ford

Education Studies Faculty publications

Air is an immersive substance that envelopes us and binds us together, yet it has dominantly been taken for granted and left out of educational and other theorizations. This article develops a conceptualization of the pneumatic common in order to address this gap. The specific intervention staged is within recent educational literature on the common by Noah De Lissovoy, Tyson E. Lewis, and Alexander Means. This literature is surveyed and analyzed in relation to educational theory, curriculum, pedagogy, and policy. Claiming that the air is a central feature of and paradigm for the common, I then concentrate on making the …

Experimental Study Of Crude Oil Emulsion Stability By Surfactants And Nanoparticles, Zainab Alabdulmohsen

Masters Theses

"Surfactants and nanoparticles are materials being widely used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Surfactants are mainly used to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water which could form a stable film of emulsion between these two immiscible fluids. Also, nanotechnology is a potential candidate to offer another solution to improve oil recovery. Nanoparticles can form a solid layer at the droplet's interface and stand as resistant stabilizer under harsh reservoir conditions.

This research investigates whether the combination of surfactants and nanoparticles can provide a more stable emulsion than surfactants only. Two parts of experimental study have been done in …

Online Diagnosis Of Diabetes With Twitter Data, Farheen Ali

Masters Theses

"Innovation in technology enables people to communicate, share information and look for their needs by just sitting in rooms and going through some clicks. While social media has played a very important role in connecting people worldwide, its potential has stretched beyond the innovative idea of connecting people through their social networks. While many thought there was no meeting point for the healthcare sector and social media, it was a surprise when research and innovations have shown that social media could lay a very significant role in the health care sector.

Research has been done in developing models that could …