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Role Of Maternal Dietary Peanut Exposure In Development Of Food Allergy And Oral Tolerance, Magdia De Jesus

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Background The impact of maternal ingestion of peanut during pregnancy and lactation on an offspring’s risk for peanut allergy is under debate. Objective To investigate the influence of maternal dietary peanut exposure and breast milk on an offspring’s allergy risk. Methods Preconceptionally peanut-exposed C3H/HeJ females were either fed or not fed peanut during pregnancy and lactation. The offsprings’ responses to peanut sensitization or oral tolerance induction by feeding antigen prior to immunization were assessed. We also assessed the impact of immune murine milk on tolerance induction pre- or post-weaning. For antigen uptake studies, mice were gavaged with fluorescent peanut in …

The Utah Statesman, December 10, 2015, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Genomic Legacy Of The African Cheetah, Acinonyx Jubatus, Pavel Dobrynin, Shiping Liu, Gaik Tamazian, Zijun Xiong, Andrey A. Yurchenko, Ksenia Krasheninnikova, Sergey Kliver, A. Schmidt-Kunzel, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Warren E. Johnson, Lukas F. K. Kuderna, Raquel Garcia-Perez, Marc De Manuel, Ricardo Godinez, Aleksey Komissarov, Alexey Makunin, Vladimir Brukhin, Weilin Qiu, Long Zhou, Fang Li, Jian Yi, Carlos A. Driscoll, Agostinho Antunes, T. K. Oleksyk, Eduardo Eizirik, Polina Perelman, Melody E. Roelke, David E. Wildt, Mark Diekhans, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Laurie Marker, Jong Bhak, Jun Wang, Guojie Zhang, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

Background

Patterns of genetic and genomic variance are informative in inferring population history for human, model species and endangered populations.

Results

Here the genome sequence of wild-born African cheetahs reveals extreme genomic depletion in SNV incidence, SNV density, SNVs of coding genes, MHC class I and II genes, and mitochondrial DNA SNVs. Cheetah genomes are on average 95 % homozygous compared to the genomes of the outbred domestic cat (24.08 % homozygous), Virunga Mountain Gorilla (78.12 %), inbred Abyssinian cat (62.63 %), Tasmanian devil, domestic dog and other mammalian species. Demographic estimators impute two ancestral population bottlenecks: one >100,000 years …

Characterization Of The Paracoccidioides Hypoxia Response Reveals New Insights Into Pathogenesis Mechanisms Of This Important Human Pathogenic Fungus, Patrícia De Sousa Lima, Dawoon Chung, Alexandre Melo Bailão, Robert A. Cramer, Célia Maria De Almeida Soares

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Hypoxic microenvironments are generated during fungal infection. It has been described that to survive in the human host, fungi must also tolerate and overcome in vivo microenvironmental stress conditions including low oxygen tension; however nothing is known how Paracoccidioides species respond to hypoxia. The genus Paracoccidioides comprises human thermal dimorphic fungi and are causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important mycosis in Latin America.

Could Androgens Be Relevant To Partly Explain Why Men Have Lower Life Expectancy Than Women?, C Mary Schooling

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Population Between Indoor Cats And Outdoor Cats, Farhana Binti Ikmal Hisham

Honors Theses

This study used fecal samples from four indoor cats and four indoor-outdoor cats in order to identify the microbial communities in the gut of cats. This information was then used to compare the microbial phyla between both groups for any differences. Total microbial DNA was isolated from each fecal sample, and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high throughput method. The sequences were identified using the bioinformatics program mothur. The results show that indoor cats had a more diverse microbial community as compared to outdoor cats. Indoor cat samples had 26% more microbial species, and eight more …

Design And Testing Of Novel Anthrax Vaccines Utilizing A Tobacco Mosaic Virus Expression System, Ryan C. Mccomb

KGI Theses and Dissertations

Anthrax is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Infection and disease occur after spores gain entry into the body, germinate into vegetative bacteria, and produce toxin. Bacillus anthracis spores have been engineered as bioweapons and have been used repeatedly in warfare and terrorism to inflict casualties in military and civilian populations. Currently, only one vaccine has been approved for prevention of anthrax in the United States. This vaccine is an undefined product that is difficult to produce, requires a long vaccination schedule, and is reactogenic. Efforts to make an improved anthrax vaccine are being pursued. …

A Novel Consortium Of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus And Streptococcus Thermophilus For Increased Access To Functional Fermented Foods, Remco Kort, Nieke Westerik, L. Mariela Serrano, François P. Douillard, Willi Gottstein, Ivan M. Mukisa, Coosje J. Tuijn, Lisa Basten, Bert Hafkamp, Wilco C. Meijer, Bas Teusink, Willem M. Vos, Gregor Reid, Wilbert Sybesma

Microbiology & Immunology Publications

Background: The lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is the most studied probiotic bacterium with proven health benefits upon oral intake, including the alleviation of diarrhea. The mission of the Yoba for Life foundation is to provide impoverished communities in Africa increased access to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG under the name Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012, world's first generic probiotic strain. We have been able to overcome the strain's limitations to grow in food matrices like milk, by formulating a dried starter consortium with Streptococcus thermophilus that enables the propagation of both strains in milk and other food matrices. The affordable seed …

Detection Of Nucleic Acid Sequence Differences Using The Ligase Detection Reaction With Addressable Arrays, Francis Barany, George Barany, Robert P. Hammer, Maria Kempe, Herman Blok, Monib Zirvi

College of Science Patents

The present invention describes a method for identifying one or more of a plurality of sequences differing by one or more single base changes, insertions, deletions, or translocations in a plurality of target nucleotide sequences. The method includes a ligation phase, a capture phase, and a detection phase. The ligation phase utilizes a ligation detection reaction between one oligonucleotide probe, which has a target sequence-specific portion and an addressable array-specific portion, and a second oligonucleotide probe, having a target sequence-specific portion and a detectable label. After the ligation phase, the capture phase is carried out by hybridizing the ligated oligonucleotide …

Ballard V. Kerr Appellant's Reply Brief Dckt. 42611

Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All

No abstract provided.

Attacking The Hidden Epidemic: Why A Strict Liability Standard Should Govern The Transmission Of Sexually Transmitted Disease, Vladimir W. Sentome

University of Chicago Legal Forum

No abstract provided.

Legislative Approaches To Achieving More Protection Against Risk At Less Cost, John D. Graham

University of Chicago Legal Forum

No abstract provided.

Toward A Rational Drug Policy: Setting New Priorities, Melody M. Heaps, James A. Swartz

University of Chicago Legal Forum

No abstract provided.

Fungi On White-Nose Infected Bats (Myotis Spp.) In Eastern Canada Show No Decline In Diversity Associated With Pseudogymnoascus Destructans (Ascomycota: Pseudeurotiaceae), Karen J. Vanderwolf, David Malloch, Donald F. Mcalpine

International Journal of Speleology

The introduction of the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) to North America has stimulated research on the poorly known mycology of caves. It is possible that the introduction of Pd reduces the diversity of fungi associated with bats hibernating in caves. To test this hypothesis we examined the fungal assemblages associated with hibernating bats (Myotis spp.) pre- and post- white-nose syndrome (WNS) infection in eastern Canada using culture-dependent methods. We found the mean number of fungal taxa isolated from bats/hibernaculum was not significantly different between pre-infection (29.6 ± 6.1SD) and post-infection with WNS (32.4 ± 4.3). Although …

Whalesong 2015-12-07, N/A N/A

Whalesong

No abstract provided.

Week Of December 7, 2015, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Honored at WCA Annual Fall Leadership Dinner
• NYMC Hosts Music and Medicine
• HSL Hosts Shakespeare and the Four Humors Presentation
• Meet the Doctor Lecture Series Addresses Concussions in Youth Sports
• New York Blood Center Recognizes NYMC
• StuHE Hosts Public Health Career Mentor Session

The Importance Of Physicochemical Characteristics And Nonlinear Classifiers In Determining Hiv-1 Protease Specificity, Timmy Manning, Paul Walsh

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

This paper reviews recent research relating to the application of bioinformatics approaches to determining HIV-1 protease specificity, outlines outstanding issues, and presents a new approach to addressing these issues. Leading machine learning theory for the problem currently suggests that the direct encoding of the physicochemical properties of the amino acid substrates is not required for optimal performance. A number of amino acid encoding approaches which incorporate potentially relevant physicochemical properties of the substrate are identified, and are evaluated using a nonlinear task decomposition based neuroevolution algorithm. The results are evaluated, and compared against a recent benchmark set on a nonlinear …

Construction Of Class I Hla-Binding Peptidome, Heng Luo

Theses and Dissertations

The human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) can capture endogenous or exogenous peptides and set up a cascade which results in immune activation to fight a pathogen or sometimes to trigger autoimmune diseases or adverse drug reactions. Understanding HLA-peptide binding is essential for the development of vaccines and protein therapies, the identification of methods to prevent autoimmune diseases and the prediction of adverse drug reactions. Using an in silico approach we generated a 9-mer peptidome for Class I HLAs from the human proteome and harvested experimental HLA-peptide binding data from a variety of databases. Unfortunately, many peptides in the peptidome do not …

Comparison Of Pediatric Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns For Specified Indications In Primary Care Practices, Samantha Spishock Pharmd, Kristen Held Wheatley Pharmd, Bcop, Tibisay Villalobos Md, Faap

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Acinetobacter Baumannii: A Study On Prevalence, Detection And Virulence, Deepti Prasad Karumathil

Doctoral Dissertations

Archival abstract submitted

State V. Capone Clerk's Record V. 11 Dckt. 43124

Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All

No abstract provided.

Differential Impact Of Lpg-And Pg-Deficient Leishmania Major Mutants On The Immune Response Of Human Dendritic Cells, Michelle A. Favila, Nicholas S. Geraci, Asha Jayakumar, Suzanne Hickerson, Janet Mostrom, Salvatore J. Turco, Stephen M. Beverley, Mary Ann Mcdowell

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Leishmania major infection induces robust interleukin-12 (IL12) production in human dendritic cells (hDC), ultimately resulting in Th1-mediated immunity and clinical resolution. The surface of Leishmania parasites is covered in a dense glycocalyx consisting of primarily lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and other phosphoglycan-containing molecules (PGs), making these glycoconjugates the likely pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) responsible for IL12 induction.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we explored the role of parasite glycoconjugates on the hDC IL12 response by generating L. major Friedlin V1 mutants defective in LPG alone, (FV1 lpg1-), or generally deficient for all PGs, (FV1 lpg2-). Infection with metacyclic, infective …

Changes In Dna Methylation Of Cpgs From Age 18 To Pregnancy In Th1, Th2, Th17, And Treg Pathway Genes, Sabrina Iqbal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

ProblemImmune changes occur during pregnancy, including a bias towards Th2 responses. This study explored maternal DNA methylation (DNA-M) of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg pathway genes before and during pregnancy.MethodsBlood DNA-M was measured in 54 women at age 18, and again in the first (weeks 8-21, n=39) and second (weeks 22-38, n=35) halves of pregnancy. Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in genes of the T cell pathways were compared to random samples of CpGs, contrasting non-pregnancy with first and second halves of gestation using mixed linear models.ResultsMore CpGs within the Th2 pathway (35%) changed significantly compared to randomly selected CpGs (24%) in …

Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Progress Notes

No abstract provided.

Practical Pearl: Diagnosis And Management Of The Flu - Dec 2015, Donna Fisher Md

Pediatrics Practical Pearls: Referral Guidelines for Common Problems

No abstract provided.

Viability Of Developmental Stages Of Schistosoma Mansoni Quantified With Xcelligence Worm Real-Time Motility Assay (Xworm)., Gabriel Rinaldi, Alex Loukas, Paul J. Brindley, Jeff T. Irelan, Michael J. Smout

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Infection with helminth parasites causes morbidity and mortality in billions of people and livestock worldwide. Where anthelmintic drugs are available, drug resistance is a major problem in livestock parasites, and a looming threat to public health. Monitoring the efficacy of these medicines and screening for new drugs has been hindered by the lack of objective, high-throughput approaches. Several cell monitoring technologies have been adapted for parasitic worms, including video-, fluorescence-, metabolism enzyme- and impedance-based tools that minimize the screening bottleneck. Using the xCELLigence impedance-based system we previously developed a motility-viability assay that is applicable for a range of helminth parasites. …

Functional Analysis Of The Unique Cytochrome P450 Of The Liver Fluke Opisthorchis Felineus., Mariya Y. Pakharukova, Valentin A. Vavilin, Banchob Sripa, Thewarach Laha, Paul J. Brindley, Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

The basic metabolic cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is essential for biotransformation of sterols and xenobiotics including drugs, for synthesis and degradation of signaling molecules in all living organisms. Most eukaryotes including free-living flatworms have numerous paralogues of the CYP gene encoding heme monooxygenases with specific substrate range. Notably, by contrast, the parasitic flatworms have only one CYP gene. The role of this enzyme in the physiology and biochemistry of helminths is not known. The flukes and tapeworms are the etiologic agents of major neglected tropical diseases of humanity. Three helminth infections (Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma haematobium) are considered …

Student-Faculty Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship Research Synopsis: Complement Resistance In Bartonella Species, Benjamin Mason

Additional DHC Research, Creative Scholarship, Papers, and Presentations

Of the 31 validated species in the genus Bartonella, 11 are agents of serious infectious diseases of humans, among them Carrión’s disease, trench fever, cat-scratch disease, and bacillary angiomatosis. Bartonella are extremely widespread, having been found in virtually every type of mammal surveyed. As facultative intracellular parasites employing hemotrophy (infection of red blood cells), the key to their success comes in their ability to survive within the bloodstream of their host or reservoir. It has been demonstrated that bartonellae are resistant to the effects of complement proteins in serum, the primary agents of the innate immune system. Although this effect …

The Global Health Impact Index: Promoting Global Health, Nicole Hassoun

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

Millions of people cannot access essential medicines they need for deadly diseases like malaria, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS. There is good information on the need for drugs for these diseases but until now, no global estimate of the impact drugs are having on this burden. This paper presents a model measuring companies' key malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS drugs' consequences for global health (global-health-impact.org). It aggregates drugs' impacts in several ways-by disease, country and originator-company. The methodology can be extended across diseases as well as drugs to provide a more extensive picture of the impact companies' drugs are having on the …

Knowledge Extraction From Diverse Biomedical Corpora With Applications In Healthcare: Bridging The Translational Gap, Ritwik Banerjee

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

A wealth of knowledge in the biomedical domain is available in unstructured or semi-structured data repositories as natural language narratives. Much of this knowledge can provide immediate and tangible benefits in patient welfare and the healthcare industry. Extracting relevant knowledge from these natural language sources and providing them as structured information suitable for immediate real-time consumption in clinical settings is, however, a manual process restricted to human domain experts. As a result, it is expensive and time-consuming. A very real consequence of this is that the journey made by medical " knowledge nuggets" from research publications to patient care settings …