Digital Commons Network^™

"We're Cool" Statements After Omnicare: Securities Fraud Suits For Failures To Comply With The Law, James D. Cox

Faculty Scholarship

As part of a symposium celebrating the multiple contributions of the late Alan Bromberg, this article examines implications flowing from the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Omnicare Inc. v. Laborers District Council Construction Industry Pension Fund. Because Omnicare lands so squarely on the Court’s earlier opaque opinion in Virginia Bankshares, Inc. v. Sandberg addressing the treatment of the materiality of opinion statements, Omnicare is the new currency in the realm that will have far-reaching implications. In Virginia Bankshares, the Supreme Court quickly concluded shareholders would attach significance to the board of directors’ statement that the cash-out merger …

The Importance Of The Right To Food For Achieving Global Health, Emilie K. Aguirre

Faculty Scholarship

The Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH) represents a significant opportunity to realize the right to health globally. However, in order to succeed the FCGH must be carefully considered: it must take a new evidence-based approach that departs meaningfully from past shortcomings in realizing the right to health. Central to this approach is recognizing, formally incorporating, and operationalizing the right to adequate food. This right should be correctly interpreted as a right to a standard of nutritional quality and not as a right to a minimum number of calories. Because nutrition is critical to the achievement and maintenance of good …

The Effect Of Frequent Quizzing On Student Populations With Differing Preparation And Motivation In The High School Biology Classroom, Rebecca Lynn Kling Achord

LSU Master's Theses

This study was undertaken to test whether frequent quizzing would have different learning outcomes with the different populations within the classroom. Normalized mean learning gains were compared among classes that were quizzed or not quizzed. Allied Health Honors, Allied Health Academic and Academic classes in a high school biology classroom were given pre- and posttests in three units of study: protein synthesis, genetics, and classification. The same student population was also analyzed based on academic achievement levels: high, medium and low. In each unit, the experimental group was taught with traditional power point based lectures and guided notes, laboratories, activities, …

Sulforaphane Reverses The Expression Of Various Tumor Suppressor Genes By Targeting Dnmt3b And Hdac1 In Human Cervical Cancer Cells, Munawwar Ali Khan, Madhumitha Kedhari Sundaram, Amina Hamza, Uzma Quraishi, Dian Gunasekera, Laveena Ramesh, Payal Goala, Usama Al Alami, Mohammad Zeeshan Ansari, Tahir A. Rizvi, Chhavi Sharma, Arif Hussain

All Works

© 2015 Munawwar Ali Khan et al. Sulforaphane (SFN) may hinder carcinogenesis by altering epigenetic events in the cells; however, its molecular mechanisms are unclear. The present study investigates the role of SFN in modifying epigenetic events in human cervical cancer cells, HeLa. HeLa cells were treated with SFN (2.5 μM) for a period of 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours for all experiments. After treatment, expressions of DNMT3B, HDAC1, RARβ, CDH1, DAPK1, and GSTP1 were studied using RT-PCR while promoter DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) was studied using MS-PCR. Inhibition assays of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) and …

A New Demonstration Of The Illusory Letters Phenomenon: Graphemic Restoration In Arabic Word Perception, Timothy R. Jordan, Mercedes Sheen, Maryam A. Aljassmi, Kevin B. Paterson

All Works

© 2015 a Pion publication. The illusory letters phenomenon (ILP) is a unique demonstration that words can be perceived as complete even when letters are physically absent. However, the ILP has only ever been reported for a Latinate language (English), and it is unknown whether the illusion occurs for alphabetic languages with fundamentally different visual properties. Here we report a demonstration of the ILP for Arabic in which stimuli containing only the exterior letters of three-letter Arabic words and a nonsense pattern in the interior position were presented to fluent Arabic readers. Despite being incomplete, participants perceived these stimuli as …

The Role Of Vitamin D In Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Review Of The Literature, Dimitrios Papandreou, Zujaja Tul Noor Hamid

All Works

© 2015 Dimitrios Papandreou and Zujaja-Tul-Noor Hamid. The dietary reference values for Vitamin D were set primarily considering its role in bone health, but with the discovery of Vitamin D receptors throughout body tissues, new links with other health conditions are now studied, such as for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This paper shall analyze and examine all new research studies carried out, especially in 2013-2015 regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Vast research has been carried out to establish strong relationship between Vitamin D serum levels, supplementation, diabetes, and CVD. However, the results from researches identified in …

Community Resilience And Social Memory, Ga Wilson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The notion of ‘resilience’ is rapidly emerging as a research topic in its own right, with the notion of ‘social resilience’ rapidly gaining importance. Yet, due to the relative novelty of the research field, discussions about processes of social resilience are not yet fully developed, especially with regard to how the inbuilt ‘memory’ of a local community helps shape resilience pathways (social memory). Interlinkages between social memory and community resilience are the focus of this study, with emphasis on analysis of the importance of rites, traditions and social learning processes for shaping community resilience/ vulnerability.

Coupled Techniques For Arsenic Speciation In Food And Drinking Water: A Review, Bashdar Sadee, M. E. Foulkes, S. J. Hill

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Core Interprofessional Education (Ipe) Health Competencies: The Process Of Adaptation And Implementation For A Local Environment, Bradley Johnson, Myriam Abi Hayla, Peter J Jewesson, Carolyn Byrne, Mohamed El-Tawil, Mohamud A. Verjee

All Works

IPE: Interprofessional Healthcare Education (IPE) competencies provide the criteria against which to measure the capacity and capability of fully collaborative healthcare teams to learn and work together. Significant work already exists in the determination of IPE competencies across all disciplines. Although there is still a lack of agreement on a single set of shared core competencies, successive competency iterations enhance its development. IPE competencies need to take into account local and cultural contexts as recommended by WHO, (2010). Here we present a collaborative process that builds on existing competency development, assessing additional academic IPE needs. Core competencies: After the development …

Dynamics Of Rising Co2 Bubble Plumes In The Qics Field Experiment: Part 1 - The Experiment, Nazmi Sellami, Marius Dewar, Henrik Stahl, Baixin Chen

All Works

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. The dynamic characteristics of CO2 bubbles in Scottish seawater are investigated through observational data obtained from the QICS project. Images of the leaked CO2 bubble plume rising in the seawater were captured. This observation made it possible to discuss the dynamics of the CO2 bubbles in plumes leaked in seawater from the sediments. Utilising ImageJ, an image processing program, the underwater recorded videos were analysed to measure the size and velocity of the CO2 bubbles individually. It was found that most of the bubbles deform to non-spherical bubbles and the measured equivalent …

Britons Abroad Or European Citizens? The Negotiation Of (Trans)National Space And Citizenship By British Migrants In France, Fiona Ferbrache, Richard Yarwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Innovative Public Libraries In United Arab Emirates: Taking Library Services In Public Spaces, Mary Sengati-Zimba, Judith Mavodza, Emad Abu Eid

All Works

Public Libraries in the United Arab Emirates are recognized as repositories of human knowledge and heritage especially in today’s knowledge-driven economy where knowledge and innovation are essential drivers of growth and prosperity. Public Libraries provide access to information which may be used for self-development, cultural awareness and enhancement and continuing education. For children and young people they provide a positive alternative to pastime reading, researching and participating in activities organized by the library. United Arab Emirates is a union of seven emirates and public libraries in these emirates are affiliated mainly to the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Community Development …

Enhancing Social Science Research In The Uae: An Open Source Software Solution University Of Sharjah (Uos) Case Study, Manar Abu Talib, Muhammed Abuodeh, Adhraa Almansoori, Arwa Alnauimi

All Works

© 2015 The Manar Abu Talib, Muhammed AbuOdeh, Adhraa Almansoori and Arwa AlNauimi. Researchers, practitioners and social scientists all agree on the enormous importance of social science research in advancing human knowledge and informing public policy makers. The National Research Foundation, along with other organizations in the UAE, is leading the initiative to integrate the efforts of social research institutions in order to support the decision making process in the UAE. As indicated by a number of social researchers during the last forum held on May 29-30, 2012, at the Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, UAE, …

Air Quality And Respiratory Health Among Adolescents From The United Arab Emirates, Caroline Barakat-Haddad, Sheng Zhang, Ayesha Siddiqua, Rania Dghaim

All Works

© 2015 Caroline Barakat-Haddad et al. Purpose. To examine the role of air quality in relation to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, wheeze, and dry cough among adolescents from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods. A survey was administered on 6,363 adolescents from 9 UAE regions. Data consists of demographic, socioeconomic, residential, and behavioural variables, such as location of residence, residing near industry/gas stations/dumpsites/construction sites, residing near overhead power line/plants, exposure to tobacco, residential exposure, ethnicity, concern over air pollution, smoking, and purposely smelling gasoline fumes/glue/correctors/car exhaust/burning black ants. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine significant predictors of respiratory health. …

Transcriptional Dynamics Driving Mamp-Triggered Immunity And Pathogen Effector-Mediated Immunosuppression In Arabidopsis Leaves Following Infection With Pseudomonas Syringae Pv Tomato Dc3000, Laura A. Lewis, Krzysztof Polanski, Torres-Zabala M De, Siddharth Jayaraman, Laura Bowden, Jonathan Moore, Christopher A. Penfold, Dafyd J. Jenkins, Claire Hill, Laura Baxter, Satish Kulasekaran, William Truman, George Littlejohn, Justyna Prusinska, Andrew Mead, Jens Steinbrenner, Richard Hickman, David Rand, David L. Wild, Sascha Ott, Vicky Buchanan-Wollaston, Nick Smirnoff, Jim Beynon, Katherine Denby, Murray Grant

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Stroke Self-Management: A Focus Group Study To Identify The Factors Influencing Self-Management Following Stroke, Ej Boger, Sh Demain, Sm Latter

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.

The Dichotomy Of Memantine Treatment For Ischemic Stroke: Dose-Dependent Protective And Detrimental Effects., Melissa Trotman, Philipp Vermehren, Claire L. Gibson, Robert Fern

More Faculty of Health Research

Excitotoxicity is a major contributor to cell death during the acute phase of ischemic stroke but aggressive pharmacological targeting of excitotoxicity has failed clinically. Here we investigated whether pretreatment with low doses of memantine, within the range currently used and well tolerated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, produce a protective effect in stroke. A coculture preparation exposed to modeled ischemia showed cell death associated with rapid glutamate rises and cytotoxic Ca(2+) influx. Cell death was significantly enhanced in the presence of high memantine concentrations. However, low memantine concentrations significantly protected neurons and glia via excitotoxic cascade interruption. Mice were …

Developing Local Guidelines For Management Of Sepsis In Adults: Sepsis Guidelines For Pakistan (Sgp), Madiha Hashmi, Fazal Hameed Khan, Sarwar Zubairi, S. Tipu Sultan, Saeeda Haider, Sadqa Aftab, Javed Husain, Anwar Ul Haq, Zahid Akhtar Rao, Amin Khuwaja, Syed Farjad Sultan, Zunairah Rais, Roohina Baloch, Naseem Salahuddin, Aslam Khan, Faisal Sultan, Kamran Chima, Amjad Ali, Gohar Ali

Department of Anaesthesia

Background: The purpose of developing ‘Sepsis Guidelines for Pakistan’ (SGP) is to provide clinicians practicing in local hospitals with a framework to aid timely recognition and management of adult patients in sepsis by adopting evidence-based recommendations of Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) tailored to available resources. These recommendations are not meant to replace the SSC Guidelines.
Methodology: SGP is an initiative of Pakistan Society of Critical Care Medicine (PSCCM). Four key decision points to be addressed in the guidelines were identified by a thirteen member multidisciplinary committee i.e., grading the hospitals in the country, recognition of sepsis and associated organ dysfunction, …

Perioperative And Acute Care Transesophageal Echocardiography (Toe), Madiha Hashmi

Department of Anaesthesia

In Pakistan perioperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) during cardiac surgery is available in a few centers with reliance on cardiologists and cardiac technicians and its use in noncardiac surgery and intensive care units is very limited. In view of the increasing popularity of TOE based on obvious benefits this review is presented with an aim to evaluate the current indications and potential benefits of using TOE during anesthesia for cardiac and non-cardiac surgery and the intensive care units and compare TOE with pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as an hemodynamic monitor in the acute care setting.

Perspectives And Obstacles Of The Shareholder Activism Implementation: A Comparative Analysis Of Civil And Common Law Systems, Khurram Raja, Alex Kostyuk

All Works

© 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved. The paper outlines shareholder activism development in common law and civil law countries and identifies features of these legal systems that create preconditions and obstacles for shareholder activism. Our findings show that tendencies of shareholder activism depend on the type of the legal system, but also vary within the countries that share the same legal system. Thus, we conclude that the type of legal system is not the chief determinant of shareholder activism. A comparative analysis of shareholder activism in Germany and Ukraine (civil law countries) and the USA and the UK (common …

Role Of Diet On Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Narrative Review, Dimitrios Papandreou, Eleni Andreou

All Works

© 2015 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. The purpose of this article review is to update what is known about the role of diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is considered to be a spectrum, ranging from fatty infiltration of the liver alone (steatosis), which may lead to fatty infiltration with inflammation known as non alcoholic steatohepatitis While the majority of individuals with risk factors like obesity and insulin resistance have steatosis, only few people may develop steatohepatitis. Current treatment relies on weight loss and …

The Role Of Soluble, Insoluble Fibers And Their Bioactive Compounds In Cancer: A Mini Review, Dimitrios Papandreou, Zujaja Tul Noor, Maitha Rashed

All Works

The cancer incidence has risen dramatically over the last decades. About 8 million people died globally according to latest reports, which represented almost 40% more than it was 20 years ago. Risk factors for the development of cancer have been found to include smoking, alcohol, drugs, obesity and diet. Fiber intake has shown to exhibit chemoprotective effects on cancer proliferation and metastasis that may seem to be very promising. This article will review the role of different types of fiber such as, cellulose, lignin, pectin and inulin in development and prevention of different types of cancers. This article would also …

The Importance Of Internal Facial Features In Learning New Faces, Christopher A. Longmore, Chang Hong Liu, Andrew W. Young

School of Psychology

For familiar faces, the internal features (eyes, nose, and mouth) are known to be differentially salient for recognition compared to external features such as hairstyle. Two experiments are reported that investigate how this internal feature advantage accrues as a face becomes familiar. In Experiment 1, we tested the contribution of internal and external features to the ability to generalize from a single studied photograph to different views of the same face. A recognition advantage for the internal features over the external features was found after a change of viewpoint, whereas there was no internal feature advantage when the same image …

The Effectiveness Of Psychosocial Intervention For Individuals With Cleft Lip And/Or Palate., Alyson Norman, Martin Persson, Nicola Stock, Nichola Rumsey, Jonathan Sandy, Andrea Waylen, Zoe Edwards, Vanessa Hammond, Lucy Partridge, Andy Ness

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of different psychological interventions for children and adults with cleft lip and/or palate and their parents. DESIGN: We searched six databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE to June 2013 and checked bibliographies. We included research that evaluated any psychological intervention in studies in which at least 90% of the participants had cleft lip and/or palate or were parents of those with cleft lip and/or palate. Studies containing less than 90% were excluded unless they reported results separately for those with cleft lip and/or palate, or raw data were available upon …

Enhanced Visual Statistical Learning In Adults With Autism., Matthew E. Roser, Richard N. Aslin, Rebecca Mckenzie, Daniel Zahra, József Fiser

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often characterized as having social engagement and language deficiencies, but a sparing of visuospatial processing and short-term memory (STM), with some evidence of supranormal levels of performance in these domains. The present study expanded on this evidence by investigating the observational learning of visuospatial concepts from patterns of covariation across multiple exemplars. METHOD: Child and adult participants with ASD, and age-matched control participants, viewed multishape arrays composed from a random combination of pairs of shapes that were each positioned in a fixed spatial arrangement. RESULTS: After this passive exposure phase, a posttest …

Refractory Depression: Mechanisms And Evaluation Of Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Ro-Dbt) [Reframed]: Protocol For Randomised Trial, T. R. Lynch, B. Whalley, R. J. Hempel, S. Byford, P Clarke, S Clarke, D. Kingdon, H. O'Mahen, I. T. Russell, J. Shearer, M. Stanton, M. Swales, A. Watkins, B. Remington

School of Psychology

IntroductionOnly 30–40% of depressed patients treated with medication achieve full remission. Studies that change medication or augment it by psychotherapy achieve only limited benefits, in part because current treatments are not designed for chronic and complex patients. Previous trials have excluded high-risk patients and those with comorbid personality disorder. Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (RO-DBT) is a novel, transdiagnostic treatment for disorders of emotional over-control. The REFRAMED trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of RO-DBT for patients with treatment-resistant depression.Methods and analysisREFRAMED is a multicentre randomised controlled trial, comparing 7 months of individual and group RO-DBT treatment with …

Knowledge And Risk Perceptions Of The Ebola Virus In The United States, Jj Rolison, Y Hanoch

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVES: The Ebola epidemic has received extensive media coverage since the first diagnosed cases of the virus in the US. We investigated risk perceptions of Ebola among individuals living in the US and measured their knowledge of the virus. METHOD: US residents completed an online survey (conducted 14-18 November 2014) that assessed their Ebola knowledge and risk perceptions. RESULTS: Respondents who were more knowledgeable of Ebola perceived less risk of contracting the virus and were less worried about the virus, but also regarded Ebola as more serious than less knowledgeable respondents. The internet served as a major source of additional …

Developing And Pilot-Testing Community Based Strategies For Increasing Physical Activity In Children In The 3rd, 4th, 5th, And 6th Grade On An American Indian Reservation, Vernon Grant

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This dissertation used a mixed-methods approach to conduct two inter-related studies focused on increasing physical activity (PA) in children in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades on an American Indian (AI) reservation in the northwestern US. Study 1 assessed enhancers and barriers to increasing PA in elementary school children. Six focus groups were conducted with children and adults. Each focus group was comprised of 7 to 11 participants and lasted approximately one hour. The analysis revealed strategies to increase PA during the school day that included implementing structured activities during recess and painting lines on the playground for games …

Stories Of Contaminated Waste Dump Sites In Amskapi Pikuni Blackfeet Country, Kimberly L. Paul

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Abstract:

Significant health disparities affect much of the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Native Hawaiian (NH) populations of America_.^3,6,10,11,14 Inequalities in health care and delivery of services for these populations are a contributing factor to disparate health conditions.² Lack of equity in areas such as social services¹⁸, education, environmental contaminants^5,7,8,17, historical trauma¹ and acute poverty[a1] [KP2] ^{16, 19} strongly influence health conditions⁴. People residing within the remaining tribal lands of the Northern Plains experience markedly higher incidence of disease than other ethnicities within this nation¹⁰, ultimately …

Socioeconomic Disparities In The Provision Of Outdoor Time In Portland, Oregon Public Elementary Schools, Sabine L. Lefkowitz

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the amount of outdoor time in public elementary schools in Portland, Oregon. "Outdoor time" is defined as the percentage of the school day spent at recess. SES is determined based on the percentage of children at each school who receive free or reduced price lunch. Schools with a higher percentage of students who receive free or reduced lunch are considered lower SES than schools with a lower percentage of students who receive free or reduced lunch. A review of the current literature provides evidence that time spent outdoors has a …