Digital Commons Network^™

Developing Local Guidelines For Management Of Sepsis In Adults: Sepsis Guidelines For Pakistan (Sgp), Madiha Hashmi, Fazal Hameed Khan, Sarwar Zubairi, S. Tipu Sultan, Saeeda Haider, Sadqa Aftab, Javed Husain, Anwar Ul Haq, Zahid Akhtar Rao, Amin Khuwaja, Syed Farjad Sultan, Zunairah Rais, Roohina Baloch, Naseem Salahuddin, Aslam Khan, Faisal Sultan, Kamran Chima, Amjad Ali, Gohar Ali

Department of Anaesthesia

Background: The purpose of developing ‘Sepsis Guidelines for Pakistan’ (SGP) is to provide clinicians practicing in local hospitals with a framework to aid timely recognition and management of adult patients in sepsis by adopting evidence-based recommendations of Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) tailored to available resources. These recommendations are not meant to replace the SSC Guidelines.
Methodology: SGP is an initiative of Pakistan Society of Critical Care Medicine (PSCCM). Four key decision points to be addressed in the guidelines were identified by a thirteen member multidisciplinary committee i.e., grading the hospitals in the country, recognition of sepsis and associated organ dysfunction, …

Perioperative And Acute Care Transesophageal Echocardiography (Toe), Madiha Hashmi

Department of Anaesthesia

In Pakistan perioperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) during cardiac surgery is available in a few centers with reliance on cardiologists and cardiac technicians and its use in noncardiac surgery and intensive care units is very limited. In view of the increasing popularity of TOE based on obvious benefits this review is presented with an aim to evaluate the current indications and potential benefits of using TOE during anesthesia for cardiac and non-cardiac surgery and the intensive care units and compare TOE with pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as an hemodynamic monitor in the acute care setting.

Perspectives And Obstacles Of The Shareholder Activism Implementation: A Comparative Analysis Of Civil And Common Law Systems, Khurram Raja, Alex Kostyuk

All Works

© 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved. The paper outlines shareholder activism development in common law and civil law countries and identifies features of these legal systems that create preconditions and obstacles for shareholder activism. Our findings show that tendencies of shareholder activism depend on the type of the legal system, but also vary within the countries that share the same legal system. Thus, we conclude that the type of legal system is not the chief determinant of shareholder activism. A comparative analysis of shareholder activism in Germany and Ukraine (civil law countries) and the USA and the UK (common …

Role Of Diet On Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Updated Narrative Review, Dimitrios Papandreou, Eleni Andreou

All Works

© 2015 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. The purpose of this article review is to update what is known about the role of diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is considered to be a spectrum, ranging from fatty infiltration of the liver alone (steatosis), which may lead to fatty infiltration with inflammation known as non alcoholic steatohepatitis While the majority of individuals with risk factors like obesity and insulin resistance have steatosis, only few people may develop steatohepatitis. Current treatment relies on weight loss and …

The Role Of Soluble, Insoluble Fibers And Their Bioactive Compounds In Cancer: A Mini Review, Dimitrios Papandreou, Zujaja Tul Noor, Maitha Rashed

All Works

The cancer incidence has risen dramatically over the last decades. About 8 million people died globally according to latest reports, which represented almost 40% more than it was 20 years ago. Risk factors for the development of cancer have been found to include smoking, alcohol, drugs, obesity and diet. Fiber intake has shown to exhibit chemoprotective effects on cancer proliferation and metastasis that may seem to be very promising. This article will review the role of different types of fiber such as, cellulose, lignin, pectin and inulin in development and prevention of different types of cancers. This article would also …

The Importance Of Internal Facial Features In Learning New Faces, Christopher A. Longmore, Chang Hong Liu, Andrew W. Young

School of Psychology

For familiar faces, the internal features (eyes, nose, and mouth) are known to be differentially salient for recognition compared to external features such as hairstyle. Two experiments are reported that investigate how this internal feature advantage accrues as a face becomes familiar. In Experiment 1, we tested the contribution of internal and external features to the ability to generalize from a single studied photograph to different views of the same face. A recognition advantage for the internal features over the external features was found after a change of viewpoint, whereas there was no internal feature advantage when the same image …

The Effectiveness Of Psychosocial Intervention For Individuals With Cleft Lip And/Or Palate., Alyson Norman, Martin Persson, Nicola Stock, Nichola Rumsey, Jonathan Sandy, Andrea Waylen, Zoe Edwards, Vanessa Hammond, Lucy Partridge, Andy Ness

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of different psychological interventions for children and adults with cleft lip and/or palate and their parents. DESIGN: We searched six databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE to June 2013 and checked bibliographies. We included research that evaluated any psychological intervention in studies in which at least 90% of the participants had cleft lip and/or palate or were parents of those with cleft lip and/or palate. Studies containing less than 90% were excluded unless they reported results separately for those with cleft lip and/or palate, or raw data were available upon …

Enhanced Visual Statistical Learning In Adults With Autism., Matthew E. Roser, Richard N. Aslin, Rebecca Mckenzie, Daniel Zahra, József Fiser

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often characterized as having social engagement and language deficiencies, but a sparing of visuospatial processing and short-term memory (STM), with some evidence of supranormal levels of performance in these domains. The present study expanded on this evidence by investigating the observational learning of visuospatial concepts from patterns of covariation across multiple exemplars. METHOD: Child and adult participants with ASD, and age-matched control participants, viewed multishape arrays composed from a random combination of pairs of shapes that were each positioned in a fixed spatial arrangement. RESULTS: After this passive exposure phase, a posttest …

Refractory Depression: Mechanisms And Evaluation Of Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Ro-Dbt) [Reframed]: Protocol For Randomised Trial, T. R. Lynch, B. Whalley, R. J. Hempel, S. Byford, P Clarke, S Clarke, D. Kingdon, H. O'Mahen, I. T. Russell, J. Shearer, M. Stanton, M. Swales, A. Watkins, B. Remington

School of Psychology

IntroductionOnly 30–40% of depressed patients treated with medication achieve full remission. Studies that change medication or augment it by psychotherapy achieve only limited benefits, in part because current treatments are not designed for chronic and complex patients. Previous trials have excluded high-risk patients and those with comorbid personality disorder. Radically Open Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (RO-DBT) is a novel, transdiagnostic treatment for disorders of emotional over-control. The REFRAMED trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of RO-DBT for patients with treatment-resistant depression.Methods and analysisREFRAMED is a multicentre randomised controlled trial, comparing 7 months of individual and group RO-DBT treatment with …

Knowledge And Risk Perceptions Of The Ebola Virus In The United States, Jj Rolison, Y Hanoch

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVES: The Ebola epidemic has received extensive media coverage since the first diagnosed cases of the virus in the US. We investigated risk perceptions of Ebola among individuals living in the US and measured their knowledge of the virus. METHOD: US residents completed an online survey (conducted 14-18 November 2014) that assessed their Ebola knowledge and risk perceptions. RESULTS: Respondents who were more knowledgeable of Ebola perceived less risk of contracting the virus and were less worried about the virus, but also regarded Ebola as more serious than less knowledgeable respondents. The internet served as a major source of additional …

Developing And Pilot-Testing Community Based Strategies For Increasing Physical Activity In Children In The 3rd, 4th, 5th, And 6th Grade On An American Indian Reservation, Vernon Grant

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This dissertation used a mixed-methods approach to conduct two inter-related studies focused on increasing physical activity (PA) in children in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades on an American Indian (AI) reservation in the northwestern US. Study 1 assessed enhancers and barriers to increasing PA in elementary school children. Six focus groups were conducted with children and adults. Each focus group was comprised of 7 to 11 participants and lasted approximately one hour. The analysis revealed strategies to increase PA during the school day that included implementing structured activities during recess and painting lines on the playground for games …

Stories Of Contaminated Waste Dump Sites In Amskapi Pikuni Blackfeet Country, Kimberly L. Paul

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Abstract:

Significant health disparities affect much of the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Native Hawaiian (NH) populations of America_.^3,6,10,11,14 Inequalities in health care and delivery of services for these populations are a contributing factor to disparate health conditions.² Lack of equity in areas such as social services¹⁸, education, environmental contaminants^5,7,8,17, historical trauma¹ and acute poverty[a1] [KP2] ^{16, 19} strongly influence health conditions⁴. People residing within the remaining tribal lands of the Northern Plains experience markedly higher incidence of disease than other ethnicities within this nation¹⁰, ultimately …

Socioeconomic Disparities In The Provision Of Outdoor Time In Portland, Oregon Public Elementary Schools, Sabine L. Lefkowitz

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the amount of outdoor time in public elementary schools in Portland, Oregon. "Outdoor time" is defined as the percentage of the school day spent at recess. SES is determined based on the percentage of children at each school who receive free or reduced price lunch. Schools with a higher percentage of students who receive free or reduced lunch are considered lower SES than schools with a lower percentage of students who receive free or reduced lunch. A review of the current literature provides evidence that time spent outdoors has a …

Testing And Characterizing A Novel Sampling Method For Aerosols : Application Of Spe For Oxidized Gas-Phase Compounds, Daniel Wright

University Honors Theses

The aim of this research was to develop a novel sampling method to collect volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle matter, in aerosol samples. Aerosols have both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Primary organic aerosols (POA) are directly emitted, while secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) are formed by reaction of gas-phase compounds in the atmosphere. The sampling method developed in this research will enable the collection of a complete range of compounds, with the ultimate goal of allowing regulatory agencies and scientists to improve the development and testing of computer models that predict the roles of aerosols in atmospheric and health …

Specializing In Normal: An Overview Of Midwifery In The Us, Lucille Tower

University Honors Theses

There was a time when nearly every infant that came into this world was caught by the hands of a midwife. The rise of obstetrics in the 1800s drove midwifery to the margins, and in the US it is only in the last century that midwifery has reemerged as an organized profession, appearing everywhere from home births to hospital labor floors. Faced with a tradeoff between autonomy and credibility, midwifery branched into several pathways, with different educational requirements and scopes of practice. The formation of national organizations like the Midwives Alliance of North America (MANA) and the American College of …

Best Practices For Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Zeke Ogburn

University Honors Theses

PTSD is a recent disorder in the scope of psychology, only formally introduced to the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in the 1970s. Since then, recognition of the disorder and its sources has increased both in psychological awareness and public consciousness. PTSD can come from any severe traumatic event, and can take several forms, as well as imitate other disorders. Although many perceive it as an incurable mental illness, there are numerous evidence-based treatments available. In addition to proven cognitive, psychodynamic, and humanistic therapies, experimental methods are testing new exposure techniques and new ways of reducing patient arousal. …

The Cultural Gap: Deaf Community And Speech-Language Pathologists, Megan Knight

University Honors Theses

The following paper discusses the cultural gap that has been created between Speech-Language Pathologists and the Deaf community over the last 135 years. Starting with the period of oralism in Deaf schools to now, as we continue to pressure more parents into the idea of cochlear implants for their child. This paper will look at the history of how we have gotten to where we are today with this cultural gap and review results from a survey that was given to Portland State University Speech and Hearing Science students regarding this topic. The paper will then conclude with ways that …

The Psychological Effects Of Medical Research On Animal Subjects And The Ramifications For The Applicability Of The Research Results, Morgan Damm

University Honors Theses

Historically, animals have been used in medical research to bring about many of the medical breakthroughs and advances seen today. The successful studies are accompanied by numerous, often concealed, failed studies that are inapplicable to human medicine due to stress and distress changing the "normal" physiological parameters of that animal. The psychological stresses observed on the research animals are numerous and include habitat inconsistencies, exposures to abnormal conditions, experimental stresses, and the anticipation of awaiting a procedure. Often published papers disguise these conditions with delicate terminology to eliminate question of error in their data. When an animal is mentally, or …

Romantic Identity And Lgbtq Identification: Variations Of Experience In The Asexual Community, Alexa Bell

University Honors Theses

As a relatively new identity category, asexuality has received only a small amount of academic attention. With what little research has been done, it has been established that there is a great amount of variability of meaning within the label "asexual", particularly within the domain of romantic orientation. In light of this, and of asexuality’s invisibility even in comparison to other marginalized sexual orientations, this research sought to investigate the possibility that romantic identity impacts asexual individual’s relationship with the larger LGBTQ+ community by distributing an online quantitative survey to self-identified asexuals. The hypothesis was that hetero-romantic and aromantic individuals …

The Adverse Effects Of Maternal Depression And Poverty On Child Development, Courtney A. Nyseth

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the issues of maternal depression and poverty, their connection, and the overall adverse effects on child health, behavior, development, and school achievement. Poverty and maternal depression are ongoing social issues in the United States. They are both influenced by several factors such as socioeconomic status, maternal health, and family instability. These factors all directly relate to childhood health and social inequalities.

Poverty, maternal depression, substance abuse, and domestic violence are known to be the most common factors that place young children at high risk for poor health (Azzi-Lessing, 2013). Some of the health outcomes from poverty and …

Growing Writers, Katherine Moffitt

University Honors Theses

This thesis is about my internal process of finding and giving answers to the questions I had about life through my story "Uncle Loo" and sharing my characters and story with others so that they many grow as writers as well. I created and used my character Loo as a guide to wander into the questions I had and found answers in his life. I used a process of taking real life examples, picking the best part of the story and incorporating it into my writing. By taking true events from life and placing them in this story I was …

Crossing The Tracks, Keaton Suskie

University Honors Theses

Substance abuse is a major issue all around the world. It is an issue that not only affects the abuser but also affects individuals and entire communities as well. Substance abuse is often glamorized in media and, though there are some cases where it is not, substance abuse is all too often misrepresented. The issue of adolescent substance abuse is virtually ignored or, at the very least, is underrepresented in media. In a few cases where adolescent substance abuse does play a role in media, it is rarely the central issue. More often than not, the issue of adolescent substance …

The Potential Of Serious Games As Mental Health Treatment, Sheena M. Miller

University Honors Theses

Abstract

Video games deserve to be readily recognized as a means of assisting people in healthcare settings. This paper proposes a simple taxonomy for serious games that function as mental health treatment: 1) Informative Game Playing; 2) Therapeutic Game Designing; and 3) Therapeutic Game Playing. These three categories are explained and examples of games from each category are included, as well as corresponding research when applicable. The process of elaborating on this taxonomy elucidates the capabilities of serious games and also emphasizes areas for design improvement as well as further clinical research. Several controversies and unresolved issues surrounding video game …

Methods Of Collecting And Separating Atmospheric Organic Aerosols For Analysis Using Two-Dimensional Gas And Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectrometry, Craig Fairbaugh

University Honors Theses

In the atmosphere, biogenic and anthropogenic emissions are oxidized to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA); however, the identities and concentrations of the compounds formed are inadequately known. In this work an aerosol (gas+particle) collection system was designed and tested in order to more fully characterize atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that contribute to SOA. Target compounds to be collected were C₆ to C₂₀ compounds with oxygenated functional groups such as aldehydes and alcohols. The collection system was designed to allow characterization of atmospheric aerosols using multiple analytical methods: two-dimensional gas chromatography with time …

Changes In Cerebral Cortical Aquaporin-1 Expression In Multiple Sclerosis, Thao Pham

University Honors Theses

According to the National Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Society, MS, a demyelinating brain disease, affects approximately 2.3 million people worldwide. MS affects African-Americans, Asians and Hispanics, but predominantly Caucasians of northern European ancestry. Women are three times more likely to be diagnosed with this disease, and individuals from populations with low vitamin D levels are more likely as well to develop the disease. Currently, there is no cure for MS, although some moderately effective treatments are available to slow some forms of disease progression. However, our understanding of the cause of MS, which would greatly facilitate treatment, remains very incomplete. One …

Supporting At-Risk Student Success: Incentives And Accountability Matter, Jordan Sell

University Honors Theses

This comparative case study aims to understand the contrasting graduation rates between Benson Polytechnic High School and Roosevelt High School in Portland, Oregon. I chose Roosevelt and Benson due to their similar reported demographics. Roosevelt reports 76% of students qualifying for free or reduced lunch and 69.6% classified as non-white. Benson reports 69% of students qualifying for free or reduced lunch and 71.4% classified as non-white. Even with their similar demographic makeup, Benson boasts an 87% graduation rate in the 2013-2014 school year and Roosevelt reports a 53% graduation rate in the 2013-2014 school year. Using theories put forth by …

Escaping Cascadia, Todd Albertson

University Honors Theses

The preface, "Dualism and Narrative Mode," details the development of realist techniques and then looks to current research to address the question, "In what other ways can realism be maximized within fiction?" It proposes a style combining second-person imperative narration for the viewpoint character’s actions and third-person free indirect discourse for description and internalization.

The introduction, "The Geography of the Future," explores prediction within select literary works, explains mitigation reactions to such predictions, and details current geographical projections to build a picture of what the future will look like and how humans will interact with their environment.

Escaping Cascadia is …

The Role Of Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase (Sod2) During A Coxiella Burnetii Infection, Rachel Diantha Champaigne

University Honors Theses

Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of acute Q fever and highly fatal chronic endocarditis in humans. It is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that initially invades macrophages and thrives within a lysosome-like parasitophorous vacuole by modifying host processes. Expression analyses of THP-1 cells (human monocyte/macrophage cell line) using RNA-seq show differential expression of several host genes in C. burnetii infected cells when compared to uninfected cells. Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase (SOD2) expression is highly upregulated (8x) during C. burnetii infection as opposed to uninfected cells, but it is unknown if this expression pattern is a host immune response to suppress Coxiella …

Development And Initial Application Of Low-Molecular Weight Organic Acids And Inorganic Ionic Species In Aerosol Particulate Matter Via Ion Chromatography, Clarissa D. Karpinski

University Honors Theses

Air pollution, especially particulate matter, is a widespread environmental and public health risk. In this work, a method has been developed to separate, resolve, and quantitate monovalent anionic and cationic organic acids in aerosol particulate matter through ion chromatography (IC). The standard samples were analyzed on a Dionex ICS-5000 Ion Chromatography System with suppressed conductivity detection, and calibration curves for all analytes were created. A preliminary tobacco smoke sample was also analyzed. This method may be applied to the analysis of atmospheric particulate matter, as well as tobacco smoke particulate matter, in order to determine and quantitate primary anions and …

Bracing For Typhoons: An Initial Study Of Typhoon Resilient Single-Family Houses Along The Central Coast Of Vietnam, Anh Nguyen

University Honors Theses

The Central Coast of Vietnam has had a long history of severe typhoons and flooding. Efforts have been made to minimize the effects of these natural disasters on both people and properties. There are many approaches in minimizing the effects, including early warning and better evacuation plans, helping local residents prepare better for typhoons and living with them while a typhoon is going through an area, and building more resilient systems.

This project focuses on analyzing the effects of a Type 13 typhoon on a single-family house commonly found along the Central Coast of Vietnam. The design of the winner …