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2015

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Combating Anti-Statistical Thinking Using Simulation-Based Methods Throughout The Undergraduate Curriculum, Nathan L. Tintle, Beth Chance, George Cobb, Soma Roy, Todd Swanson, Jill Vanderstoep Dec 2015

Combating Anti-Statistical Thinking Using Simulation-Based Methods Throughout The Undergraduate Curriculum, Nathan L. Tintle, Beth Chance, George Cobb, Soma Roy, Todd Swanson, Jill Vanderstoep

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

The use of simulation-based methods for introducing inference is growing in popularity for the Stat 101 course, due in part to increasing evidence of the methods ability to improve students’ statistical thinking. This impact comes from simulation-based methods (a) clearly presenting the overarching logic of inference, (b) strengthening ties between statistics and probability/mathematical concepts, (c) encouraging a focus on the entire research process, (d) facilitating student thinking about advanced statistical concepts, (e) allowing more time to explore, do, and talk about real research and messy data, and (f) acting as a firmer foundation on which to build statistical intuition. Thus, …

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Medium-Range Ensemble Precipitation And Streamflow Forecasting For The Upper Trinity River Basin In Texas Via The Nws Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service, Hossein Sadeghi Dec 2015

Medium-Range Ensemble Precipitation And Streamflow Forecasting For The Upper Trinity River Basin In Texas Via The Nws Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service, Hossein Sadeghi

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

Compared to forecasts of short-term precipitation accumulations (daily or shorter) at lead times larger than a few days, those of longer-term accumulations (3-daily or longer) are significantly more skillful owing to the larger temporal scale of aggregation. If one can utilize this skill present in medium-range precipitation forecast in hydrologic prediction, it is very likely that the lead time of hydrologic forecasts, in particular, of streamflow and soil moisture may be extended. Though forecasts of longer-term accumulations of precipitation are more skillful than those of shorter-term accumulations, precipitation forecasts in general are too uncertain to be used as deterministic, or …

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Bayesian Statistics And Information Fusion For Gps-Denied Navigation, Brian Lee Copp Dec 2015

Bayesian Statistics And Information Fusion For Gps-Denied Navigation, Brian Lee Copp

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dissertations - Archive

It is well known that satellite navigation systems are vulnerable to disruption due to jamming, spoofing, or obstruction of the signal. The desire for robust navigation of aircraft in GPS-denied environments has motivated the development of feature-aided navigation systems, in which measurements of \textit{environmental features} are used to complement the dead reckoning solution produced by an inertial navigation system. Examples of environmental features which can be exploited for navigation include star positions, terrain elevation, terrestrial wireless signals, and features extracted from photographic data. Feature-aided navigation represents a particularly challenging estimation problem because the measurements are often strongly nonlinear, and the …

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Thermal Transgenerational Plasticity And Its Effect On Competitive Ability And Consumer-Resource Dynamics In A Population Of Daphnia Ambigua, Holmes Julian Dec 2015

Thermal Transgenerational Plasticity And Its Effect On Competitive Ability And Consumer-Resource Dynamics In A Population Of Daphnia Ambigua, Holmes Julian

Biology Theses - Archive

Global temperature increases are predicted to quicken in pace this century, and with them so will the likely impact on natural populations. The extent to which organisms will be able to keep pace with and adapt to these environmental changes is an unanswered question. It has been demonstrated that changing environments can induce changes in phenotypes that persist across generations. TGP may be an important means for populations to cope with climate change stress, but our understanding of these interactions is incomplete. Prior work showed that Daphnia program their offspring for faster development when reared under cooler temperatures. Here I …

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Controlled Hydrosilylations Of Carbonyl Compounds And Computational Investigations Of A Hydride Shuttle Mechanism For Alkene Hydrosilylation, Gabriela Trog Dec 2015

Controlled Hydrosilylations Of Carbonyl Compounds And Computational Investigations Of A Hydride Shuttle Mechanism For Alkene Hydrosilylation, Gabriela Trog

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

Chapter 1 describes tandem dual hydrosilylations of α,β-unsaturated enals. Hydrosilylations of both carbonyl compounds and alkenes have been utilized to create chiral alcohols. Tandem dual hydrosilylations (TDH) of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds create five-membered oxasilacycles that can be further converted to 1,3- diols, which are a common structural motif in the polyketide natural product family. We present preliminary data and a substrate scope for the formation of these oxasilacycles en route to the 1,3-diol compounds. Chapter 2 describes hydrosilylations of esters that result in silyl acetals. The silyl acetals are chemical synthons of the corresponding aldehyde. This reaction can be coupled …

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New Conductometric Detection Methods For Sensitive Ion Chromatographic Measurement Of Weak Electrolytes, Hongzhu Liao Dec 2015

New Conductometric Detection Methods For Sensitive Ion Chromatographic Measurement Of Weak Electrolytes, Hongzhu Liao

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

Since Suppressed conductometric anion chromatography (SCAC) was proposed in the mid-1970s, SCAC has become a widely used tool for the determination of anion species in aqueous samples. Its application ranges from trace analysis in semiconductor manufacture to pharmaceutical analysis. This dissertation primarily focuses on three different projects on the conductometric determination of weak acids. Other work carried out during the same period both involved SCAC for the determination of anion composition of açaí Extracts and on the unusual ion exchange behavior of myo‐inositol phosphates. SCAC responds poorly and nonlinearly to weak acids, because they only ionize partially and the degree …

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No Major Changes On Paleoclimate And Paleoenvironment Across The Eocene–Oligocene Transition In The Central Rocky Mountains, Sara Ayyash Dec 2015

No Major Changes On Paleoclimate And Paleoenvironment Across The Eocene–Oligocene Transition In The Central Rocky Mountains, Sara Ayyash

Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive

Earth’s climate has experienced dramatic cooling during the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) based on well-constrained marine geological records, however, a consensus on the terrestrial responses to this event has not been reached. The White River Formation in the central Rocky Mountains, western U.S.A., is a well-dated stratigraphic unit covering the EOT. The formation contains tuffaceous mudrock and sandstone that were deposited in fluvial and eolian depositional environments. Here I study oxygen isotope ratios and clumped isotope temperatures of carbonate cements and bulk organic carbon isotope ratios in order to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate across the EOT. These carbonate cements were …

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Evaluation Of Coding Tools For Screen Content In High Efficiency Video Coding, Shwetha Chandrakant Kodpadi Dec 2015

Evaluation Of Coding Tools For Screen Content In High Efficiency Video Coding, Shwetha Chandrakant Kodpadi

Electrical Engineering Theses - Archive

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) [1] is the latest Video Coding format. It challenges the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC [3] Video Coding standard which is in current use in the industry by being able to reduce the bit rate by 50% and retaining the same video quality. It came into existence in the early 2012 although Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) was formed in January 2001 to carry out developments on HEVC, and ever since then a huge range of development has been going on. On 13 April 2013 [11], HEVC standard also called H.265 was approved by ITU-T, Joint …

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“Every Good Man Is A Quaker, And That None But Good Men Are Quakers”: Transatlantic Quaker Humanitarians, Disability, And Marketing Enlightened Reform, 1730-1834, Nathaniel Smith Kogan Dec 2015

“Every Good Man Is A Quaker, And That None But Good Men Are Quakers”: Transatlantic Quaker Humanitarians, Disability, And Marketing Enlightened Reform, 1730-1834, Nathaniel Smith Kogan

History Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation explores how Quaker humanitarians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries actively absorbed and employed emerging Enlightenment discourses about “disability” and human dependency as a means to build support for, fund, and market their reform activities. Beginning in the eighteenth century in their abolitionist advocacy, Quakers harnessed Enlightenment rhetoric about disability and public displays of aberrant bodies and minds in order to raise attention to the plight of various marginalized groups and also to raise funds to support these causes. This emerging concept of disability, which was very individualized, cohered nicely with Quakers’ central theological tenet of the “Inner …

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Robotic Wheelchair Platform With Autonomous Mobility, Pragya Neupane Dec 2015

Robotic Wheelchair Platform With Autonomous Mobility, Pragya Neupane

2015 Fall Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

An automated robotic wheelchair can allow for increased efficiency in terms of motion. This work details how through the use of computing, a wheelchair can be teleoperated to produce a system that can obviate the need for manual wheelchairs that can be difficult to operate. At this stage, the system is composed of various components and subsystems interacting to deliver precise control and navigation. By sending and receiving signals between the wheelchair platform and the computer, this system is able to communicate with the wheelchair platform and pass on instructions. The robotic wheelchair platform is able to record movement information, …

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Design For A Variable Pipe Cutting Jig, Truitt Ammons Dec 2015

Design For A Variable Pipe Cutting Jig, Truitt Ammons

2015 Fall Honors Capstone Projects - Archive

Parker-Hannifin is an aerospace company located in Fort Worth, Texas. A large part of their business entails creating custom metal pipes that are used for aerospace applications. These pipes are all bent and cut at different specifications. Currently, the method being used to cut these pipes takes a lot of storage space, it is lengthy, it uses unsafe methodology and it adds up to be costly. My team and I were commissioned by Parker-Hannifin to design a system that will alleviate these problems. The solution that this team has proposed will save the company storage space, lower the time it …

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An Investigation Of The Relation Between Sleep Disordered Breathing And Cognitive Function, Nazaneen Mousavi Dec 2015

An Investigation Of The Relation Between Sleep Disordered Breathing And Cognitive Function, Nazaneen Mousavi

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most prevalent sleep related breathing disorders, with an estimated amount 17% of affected adults in the U.S. Research has linked OSA to mood and cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. Structural changes in the brain have also been found to be associated with OSA. Several studies have shown deterioration of cognition in OSA patients because of structural and physiological changes due to apnea. The purpose of this research is to study the correlational relationships between cognitive measures and 1) quantitative measures of sleep quality; 2) measures of sleep disordered breathing; and 3) hypoxia …

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Implementation Process For Automated Data Analysis In Mineral Extraction Companies, Richard A. Leach Dec 2015

Implementation Process For Automated Data Analysis In Mineral Extraction Companies, Richard A. Leach

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

The need to determine knowledge from increasing amounts of information and raw data is a current and ongoing goal [1]. As technology continues to advance in the ability to collect and save more and more data, companies today must assimilate and understand this information as a valuable resource [2]. Companies in marketing and sales have found the use of a data warehouse and automated data analysis to be valuable resources [2]. This automated analysis of data has also been implemented in disciplines including scientific and medical research [2]. However, there continue to be other lower tech industrial areas of activity …

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Computational Analysis Of Enhancing Heat Transfer In A 3-D Stacked Die Using Different Finned Heat Sink, Deekshith Pittala Dec 2015

Computational Analysis Of Enhancing Heat Transfer In A 3-D Stacked Die Using Different Finned Heat Sink, Deekshith Pittala

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

3D die stacking is an exciting new technology that increases the transistor’s density by integrating two or more dies vertically with a dense high – speed interface. The result of 3D die stacking is a significant reduction of interconnect both within a die and across dies in a system. The objective of the thermal design requirement for a 3D stacked die package is to maintain the junction temperatures of the devices at or below specified limits. Installing the Heat sink aid the heat transfer activity from a package. The extent of cooling and the junction temperatures vary if the designs …

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A Model Analysis Of Sand Insertion In Hydraulic Fractures, Ya Hao Dec 2015

A Model Analysis Of Sand Insertion In Hydraulic Fractures, Ya Hao

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses - Archive

Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a well-stimulation technology to create large volume of fracture formation in rocks for gas and/or oil extraction. This technology has been applied to commercially exploit natural gas in unconventional shale reservoirs that contain immense quantity but low density of hydrocarbon sources. The productivity can be largely dependent on the connectivity of fractures that must stay open. However, upon initial hydraulic fracturing, the fractures would be closed due to high hydrostatic pressure deep inside the crust. Sand must be pumped into the fractures to keep them open. An in-depth understanding of the sand distribution and its dependence …

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Influencing Donor Decision-Making: An Examination Of Situational Determinants That Impact Donation, Floyd Kristopher Dec 2015

Influencing Donor Decision-Making: An Examination Of Situational Determinants That Impact Donation, Floyd Kristopher

Marketing Dissertations - Archive

Research around donor decision-making has shown the importance of understanding why donors make decisions. However, much less research exists explaining how donors make decisions. Set against the backdrop of online websites and in the context of donation, this dissertation examines how web characteristics, as situational determinants, influence donor decisions. Situational determinants are influences that arise because of a specific situation where a consumer is using the product or brand; these are instances that extend beyond the basic tendencies or traits of the consumer (Belk 1974). This could be a behavioral setting, a space, or a time (Belk 1974); other situational …

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Merging Radar-Only Qpe And Rain Gauge Data Via Conditional Bias-Penalized Optimal Estimation, Beomgeun Kim Dec 2015

Merging Radar-Only Qpe And Rain Gauge Data Via Conditional Bias-Penalized Optimal Estimation, Beomgeun Kim

Civil Engineering Theses - Archive

A new technique for merging radar precipitation estimates and rain gauge data is developed and evaluated to improve multisensor quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). Various types of linear and nonlinear techniques have been used to combine rain gauge and radar data. Linear cokriging and its variants, for example, may be considered as the best linear unbiased estimators which minimize the error variance in the unconditional sense. They are, however, subject to conditional biases (CB) that may be unacceptably large for estimation of heavy-to-extreme precipitation. In this work, I develop, apply, and evaluate conditional bias-penalized cokriging (CBPCK) for spatial estimation of precipitation …

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Finding Deaf Gain: Changing Languages, Changing Lenses, Changing Society, Edward Henry Bart Dec 2015

Finding Deaf Gain: Changing Languages, Changing Lenses, Changing Society, Edward Henry Bart

English Theses - Archive

Most literature is analyzed through various lenses, or more accurately, schools of thought informed by life experience and cultural knowledge. Literature created in American Sign is no different than any other literature in spite of it being a visual-spatial language rather than a sound-based language. It requires scholars able to access the Deaf Lens, cognizant of the linguistic and historical context that informed Deaf artists in the creation of their work. This context is embedded in their ASL literature, and often requires scholars to approach their work as the product of a colonized group. Though the Deaf Community does not …

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Migmatite Gneiss Of The Jættedal Complex, Liverpool Land, East Greenland: Protracted High-T Metamorphism In The Overriding Plate Of The Caledonian Orogen, S. M. Johnston, A. Kylander-Clark, H. K. Brueckner Dec 2015

Migmatite Gneiss Of The Jættedal Complex, Liverpool Land, East Greenland: Protracted High-T Metamorphism In The Overriding Plate Of The Caledonian Orogen, S. M. Johnston, A. Kylander-Clark, H. K. Brueckner

Physics

The Greenland Caledonides (GC) formed in the overriding Laurentian plate during the closure of the Iapetus Ocean and the subduction of Baltica, and offer a unique opportunity to study metamorphic patterns, regional structures and the kinematic evolution of the overriding plate of a continental collision. We present new metamorphic petrology and coupled zircon geochronology and geochemistry data from the Jættedal complex in southern Liverpool Land to document the thermal evolution of the orogenic core of the southern GC. Pelitic migmatite gneisses from the Jættedal complex document metamorphic conditions of 850–730 °C at pressures of 11–9.5 kbar. Zircon from these samples …

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College Student Leadership Development Participation And Emotional Intelligence, Nicole Renae Portell Brown Dec 2015

College Student Leadership Development Participation And Emotional Intelligence, Nicole Renae Portell Brown

Dissertations

Leadership development has been identified as a key college outcome (Komives, Dugan, Owen, Slack, & Wagner, 2011). Emotional intelligence as a leadership development framework has shown promise in many applications (Petrides, 2011). Able to be augmented through purposeful training and practice, high levels of emotional intelligence have been linked to job performance, healthy relationships, and emotional well-being (Joseph, Jin, Newman, & O’Boyle, 2014). This study focused on changes in emotional intelligence as a metric for personal and professional development through a state university’s leadership program. Students’ self-reported change in global and factor emotional intelligence were measured utilizing the Trait Emotional …

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Design For Reduction Of Noise Produced By Natural Gas Regulator, Britany L. Chamberlain Dec 2015

Design For Reduction Of Noise Produced By Natural Gas Regulator, Britany L. Chamberlain

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

This document describes the design of a multi-stage restrictive orifice device (MSRO) that serves to reduce the noise produced by a regulator valve. The scope of this document explains the determination of the proper design through the development of analytical models, the design of a test fixture to obtain empirical data, and the corroboration of the models with empirical data to obtain a working solution.

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Non-Suitable Habitat A Cause For Declining Bobolink Populations In Northern Utah, Bethany Q. Unger Dec 2015

Non-Suitable Habitat A Cause For Declining Bobolink Populations In Northern Utah, Bethany Q. Unger

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryxivories, populations are declining in Utah. I characterized the habitat conditions of known bobolink nesting sites in Utah and compared these conditions to those for nest sites in Wisconsin where bobolinks are abundant. My habitat assessment included identifying vegetation species, vegetation cover, pH, temperature, and precipitation at each site location. Vegetation cover different between Utah and Wisconsin nest sites. Precipitation varied for both locations with no correlation between water availability and bobolink presence. One possible driver for the reduction in bobolinks throughout Utah is the drastic increase in temperature. Other possible external factors include livestock grazing, edge distance, …

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The Impact Of Visual Cues And Service Behavior On The Consumer Retail Experience, Taylor Bjerk Dec 2015

The Impact Of Visual Cues And Service Behavior On The Consumer Retail Experience, Taylor Bjerk

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

With product differentiation low in the retail industry, businesses need to create strong brand images and increase customer loyalty in order to remain competitive. Visual merchandising is one tool that businesses have to communicate their message in a compelling and strategic manner. Within the scope of visual merchandising there are a number of atmospherics, or cues, which include visual, tactile, and auditory, that can be used in conjunction with one another to influence consumer behavior. Service encounters also have a strong influence on the consumer retail experience and must be managed effectively to make sure their influence is positive. All …

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Novel Biomechanical Test Method For Cancellous Bone Screws And Screw Augmentation With Cement., Kevin Lancaster Dec 2015

Novel Biomechanical Test Method For Cancellous Bone Screws And Screw Augmentation With Cement., Kevin Lancaster

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It is often difficult to achieve adequate screw fixation for plate constructs in fractures with poor quality bone or in metaphyseal bone with extensive bone loss or comminution[7][17]. Furthermore, rescuing or augmenting failed screw fixation in inadequate bone with various cement products has yielded mixed results when tested with pure axial pullout loading[20][21]. In most cases, plate/screw constructs experience both vertical (translational) and horizontal (pullout) forces during physiologic loading[17][20][21]. The increased use of locked screws in plate constructs has also changed the loading patterns of bone screws. For this study, a novel “toggle-out” testing method was developed to more realistically …

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The Czech-Egyptian Arms Deal Of 1955 : A Turning Point In Middle Eastern Cold War History., Thomas Michael Shaughnessy Skaggs Dec 2015

The Czech-Egyptian Arms Deal Of 1955 : A Turning Point In Middle Eastern Cold War History., Thomas Michael Shaughnessy Skaggs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study focuses on the Czechoslovakian-Egyptian arms deal of 1955 and analyzes how it impacted Middle Eastern Cold War policy. Central to the issue is Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser’s approach to garnering Pan-Arab Nationalist support and his decision to approach the Soviet Bloc for weapons and economic aid. Supporting evidence came from several repositories, including the National Archives in College Park, Maryland, and the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library. In addition to primary sources, a thorough examination of the existing scholarship was conducted. In conclusion, the Czech-Egyptian arms deal, more than any other event, cemented Nasser's place as champion …

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Cardiovascular Regulation And Effects Of Respiratory Motor Training In Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury., Bonnie Legg Ditterline Dec 2015

Cardiovascular Regulation And Effects Of Respiratory Motor Training In Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury., Bonnie Legg Ditterline

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation attempts to discover the mechanisms between cardiovascular and respiratory motor control post spinal cord injury (SCI): in normal, non-injured (NI) persons, cardiovascular regulation is dependent upon respiration, but there is nothing that suggests the mechanism for this relationship post-SCI. Thus we hoped to evaluate various aspects of cardiovascular regulation to further illustrate how this relationship is changed or unchanged by SCI. Chapter I describes the anatomy and physiology of the spine, respiratory system, and cardiovascular system in a NI person, and then describes how the function of these systems is changed by SCI. In addition, we describe therapies …

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Meta-Analyses Of Cardiovascular Responses To Rumination : Exploring Mechanisms Linking Depression And Hostility To Cardiovascular Disease., Lorna Y. Busch Dec 2015

Meta-Analyses Of Cardiovascular Responses To Rumination : Exploring Mechanisms Linking Depression And Hostility To Cardiovascular Disease., Lorna Y. Busch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rumination intensifies and prolongs cardiovascular responses to stress. This emotion regulation strategy is characteristic of depression and hostility and may be a mechanism linking these dispositions to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current meta-analyses investigate the magnitude of cardiovascular responses to rumination and the effectiveness of distraction in curtailing these responses. A literature search identified studies with rumination conditions and corresponding cardiovascular measures. A random effects model was applied to calculate heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) weighted effect sizes for reactivity and recovery to angry rumination, sadness rumination, and rumination on positive emotion; heart …

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Multiple Instance Fuzzy Inference., Amine Ben Khalifa Dec 2015

Multiple Instance Fuzzy Inference., Amine Ben Khalifa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A novel fuzzy learning framework that employs fuzzy inference to solve the problem of multiple instance learning (MIL) is presented. The framework introduces a new class of fuzzy inference systems called Multiple Instance Fuzzy Inference Systems (MI-FIS). Fuzzy inference is a powerful modeling framework that can handle computing with knowledge uncertainty and measurement imprecision effectively. Fuzzy Inference performs a non-linear mapping from an input space to an output space by deriving conclusions from a set of fuzzy if-then rules and known facts. Rules can be identified from expert knowledge, or learned from data. In multiple instance problems, the training data …

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Improving The Accuracy Of Middle School Students' Self-Assessment, Peer Assessment, And Mathematics Achievement., Elizabeth Popelka Dec 2015

Improving The Accuracy Of Middle School Students' Self-Assessment, Peer Assessment, And Mathematics Achievement., Elizabeth Popelka

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite the documented advantages of formative assessment (FA) strategies in elevating student achievement, much of the relevant research is dated and undermined by questionable design and inattention to K-12 settings. In order to fill these voids, this quantitative study tested the effect of a self- and peer-assessment-training instructional sequence, developed with recommendations from past research and employing explicitly described assessment measures and criteria, on middle school students’ assessment accuracy and subsequent mathematics achievement. The researcher hypothesized a correlation between measurable growth in assessment accuracy and gains in achievement, as well as a reciprocal effect of self- and peer-assessment ability. The …

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Trapped In The Tiebout Model : The Impact Of Federal Affordable Housing Programs On Migration Of Wealthier Residents., Yu-Chih Lin Dec 2015

Trapped In The Tiebout Model : The Impact Of Federal Affordable Housing Programs On Migration Of Wealthier Residents., Yu-Chih Lin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Housing mobility programs have been implemented in America since the 1990s to solve poverty concentration and to improve the economic self-sufficiency of low-income families through housing subsidies. This policy was based on the assumption that mixed-income neighborhoods provide better resources and opportunities to low-income families so that program participants who relocate to low-poverty neighborhoods improve their economic status. Currently, few studies examine the effectiveness of housing mobility programs under a decentralized fiscal system. Specifically, the migration of program participants may stimulate Tiebout’s vote-with-feet mechanisms and may limit the duration of the newly-created mixed-income environment, leaving poverty concentration and poverty unsolved. …

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