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Biological Evaluation Of The Vaccine Candidate Tf-Ps A1 And A One-Pot Multicomponent Coupling/Cyclization For Natural Product Herbicide (±)-Thaxtomin A, Jean Paul Bourgault

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE VACCINE CANDIDATE TF-PS A1 AND A ONE-POT MULTICOMPONENT COUPLING/CYCLIZATION FOR NATURAL PRODUCT HERBICIDE (±)-THAXTOMIN A

By

JEAN PAUL BOURGAULT

August 2015

Advisor: Prof. Peter R. Andreana

Major: Chemistry (Organic)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The -aminooxy derivative of the Thomsen–Friedenreich tumor associated carbohydrate antigen has been synthesized in 11 steps utilizing a D-GalN3 acceptor carrying a pre-installed -N-hydroxysuccinimidyl moiety. The natural  linkage was prepared in high selectivity employing a suitably protected D-GalN3-thioglycoside donor with N-hydroxysuccinimide. With access to -TF-ONH2, the preparation of the TF-PS A1 vaccine candidate ensued smoothly through oxime bond formation. This construct …

Antidiarrheal And Antispasmodic Activities Of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris Are Predominantly Mediated Through Atp-Dependent K+ Channels Activation, Khalid Hussain Janbaz, Waseem Hassan, Hassan Mehmood, Anwar Hassan Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

The study was tempted to explore the scientific basis for the medicinal use of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. in diarrhea using the in vivo and in vitro assays. The crude extract of dried leaves of A. capillus-veneris exhibited antidiarrheal effect against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice at 300 and 500 mg/kg, similar to the effect loperamide. It was also found safe up to administered dose of 7 g/kg in mice. In isolated rabbit jejunum, extract of A. capillus-veneris showed a concentration-dependent relaxation of spontaneous and low K⁺ (25 mM)-induced contractions and had weak inhibitory effect on high K⁺ (80 …

Revisiting The Biodesulfurization Capability Of Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus Solfataricus P2 Revealed Dbt Consumption By The Organism In An Oil/Water Two-Phase Liquid System At High Temperatures, Gökhan Gün, Yuda Yürüm, Gi̇zem Di̇nler Doğanay

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The ability of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 to grow on organic and inorganic sulfur sources was investigated. A sulfur-free mineral medium was employed with different sources of carbon. The results showed that inorganic sulfur sources display growth curve patterns significantly different from the curves obtained with organic sulfur sources. Solfataricus has the ability to utilize DBT and its derivatives, but it lacks BT utilization. Solfataricus} utilizes DBT at a rate of 1.23 \mu mol 2-HBP h^{-1} g DCW^{-1} even at 78 °C, at which DBT is known to be unstable. After enabling DBT stabilization using a two-phase culture …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Studies, And Molecular Modeling Of Mixed Ligand Bivalent Metal Complexes Of Schiff Bases Based On $N$-Aminopyrimidine-2-One/2-Thione, Hati̇ce Gamze Soğukömeroğullari, Tuğba Taşkin Tok, Feyza Yilmaz, İsmet Berber, Mehmet Sönmez

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

New mixed Schiff bases, Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Mn(II) complexes, were synthesized derived from 5-chloro-2-hydroxyacethophenone and 1-amino-5-benzoyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrimidine-2-one/thione. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, molar conductivity, IR, electronic, NMR, and mass spectral studies. All the complexes showed nonelectrolytic behavior. Moreover, the newly synthesized mixed ligand complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial efficiency against bacteria and yeast. The compound named Co(L$_{1}$L) had good antifungal activity against Candida species, but no profound antibacterial effect against bacterial strains. In addition, the ground state geometries of the complexes were optimized using a semi-empirical method at PM6 level, which is a …

A New Series Of Cu(Ii) And Ni(Ii) Complexes Of No Bidentate 4-No$_{2}$-Benzoylhydrazones: Synthesis, Characterization, And Biological Studies, Hati̇ce Başpinar Küçük, Emel Mataraci Kara, Berna Özbek Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A series of new nickel(II) and copper(II) hydrazone complexes \textbf{1--14}, containing a bidentate NO-donor hydrazone ligand, derived from 4-nitrobenzoylhydrazide and several aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes were synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed by means of FT-IR, UV-Vis, $^{1}$H and $^{13}$C NMR, mass spectral data, conductance measurements, and elemental analyses. The spectral data of the newly synthesized complexes show the formation of a 1:2 [metal:ligand] ratio. The ligands and their complexes were also investigated for their possible in vitro antimicrobial activities against \textit{S. aureus}, \textit{S. epidermidis}, \textit{E. coli}, \textit{K. pneumonia}, \textit{P. aeruginosa}, \textit{P. mirabilis}, \textit{E. faecalis}, and \textit{C. albicans}. Among …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.

A Revision Of The New World And Select Old World Species Of Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), Erika M. Tucker

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Parasitoid wasps are an important group of organisms in need of systematic revision. This dissertation examines the cosmopolitan parasitoid wasp genus Cremnops. It is a compilation of three projects and significantly advances the taxonomic foundation of the genus.

The New World species of the genus Cremnops are revised. Thirty-three species of Cremnops are treated; five are described as new, i.e., C. bertae sp. nov., C. cluttsis sp. nov., C. nymphius sp. nov., C. wileycoyotius sp. nov. and C. witkopegasus sp. nov. Six species are synonymized, i.e., Cremnops caribensis Berta 1998, is synonymized under C. guanicanus Wolcott 1924; C. nigrosternum (Morrison …

Integration Of Biosensors Based On Microfluidic: A Review, A.T. Yousefi, Samira Bagheri, Nahrizul Adib Kadri

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Purpose - Biotechnology is closely associated to microfluidics. During the last decade, designs of microfluidic devices such as geometries and scales have been modified and improved according to the applications for better performance. Numerous sensor technologies existing in the industry has potential use for clinical applications. Fabrication techniques of microfluidics initially rooted from the electromechanical systems (EMS) technology. Design/methodology/approach - In this review, we emphasized on the most available manufacture approaches to fabricate microchannels, their applications and the properties which make them unique components in biological studies. Findings - Major fundamental and technological advances demonstrate the enhancing of capabilities and …

Garcinia Kola: Phytochemical, Biological And Formulation Studies, Yasah Vezele

Open Access Master's Theses

The objective of this research was to search for an antiviral compound, garcinol (or guttiferone F) from the Garcinia kola nuts using two different extraction techniques and formulate a suitable liposome for control release using an antiviral compound. The two extraction techniques used were: liquid-liquid extraction (for simplicity purposes, the term solvent-solvent, S-S, will be used interchangeable) and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Both techniques were used to profile compounds found in Garcinia kola and for statistical comparison purposes. Extracts from both techniques were collected and analyzed for separation using Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) using Ultraviolet Photodiode Array (UV-PDA) …

Versatility Of N-Peptidyl And N-Glycopeptidyl Nitroindolines For The Formation Of Peptide/Glycopeptide Acids, Amides, And Thioesters, Luis Alfonso Barrera

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

N-acyl-7-nitroindolines are photoreactive compounds that are known to acylate a number of nucleophiles in inert aprotic solvents under neutral conditions when illuminated at 350 nm. We have assembled a MUC1-derived peptide and Tn or STn-containing MUC1 glycopeptides with a C-terminal photoreactive 7-nitroindoline linker attached to Sieber amide resin by solid phase peptide synThesis using the Fmoc strategy. This type of construction allows for the cleavage of fully protected photoreactive peptides/glycopeptides from the resin with dilute trifluoroacetic acid, or for the direct photorelease of protected peptide/glycopeptide derivatives. Here we demonstrate that N-peptidyl and N-glycopeptidyl 7-nitrindolines can be photochemically converted into their …

The Transgenerational Effect Of Substance Abuse, Subira Brown

Honors Theses

Using a survey conducted among college students at Andrews University, this study focused on substance use and sexual behaviors of students and the presence of familial substance use problems. Analysis indicated a significant association between substance use problems of fathers and their children's substance use. There was a stronger statistical association between father's substance use problems and male children's alcohol use. In addition there was a significant relationship between grandparents substance use and youth sexual behavior for both genders. There is a need for further analysis of this study.

Our Green Story, University Of Minnesota, Morris

Miscellaneous Campus Publications

No abstract provided.

Microbubble Generation By Piezotransducer For Biological Studies, W. Zhu, M. Alkhazal, M. Cho, S. Xiao

Bioelectrics Publications

Bubbles induced by blast waves or shocks are speculated to be the major cause of damages in biological cells in mild traumatic brain injuries. Microbubble collapse was found to induce noticeable cell detachment from the cell substrate, changes in focal adhesion and biomechanics. To better understand the bubble mechanism, we would like to construct a system, which allows us to clearly differentiate the impact of bubbles from that of shocks. Such a generator needs to be low profile in order to place under a microscope. A piezoelectric transducer system was designed to meet the need. The system uses either a …

Atoxigenic Aspergillus Flavus Biological Control Of Aflatoxin Contamination: What Is The Mechanism?, K. E. Damann

Faculty Publications

The term 'competitive exclusion' involving physical blockage of growth or access of the toxigenic strain to the seed target has been used to describe the mechanism of biological control of aflatoxin contamination. However, recent evidence suggests that a form of intraspecific aflatoxin inhibition requiring growth of the competing strains together during the infection process in such a way that hyphae physically interact or touch is the trigger for preventing induction of aflatoxin synthesis. This direct touch-based inhibition of aflatoxin synthesis is posited to be the mechanistic basis of biological control in this system. Evidence for this idea comes from the …

The Increasing Weight Of Regulation: Countries Combat The Global Obesity Epidemic, Allyn L. Taylor, Emily Whelan Parento, Laura A. Schmidt

Indiana Law Journal

Obesity is a global epidemic, exacting an enormous human and economic toll. In the absence of a comprehensive global governance strategy, states have increasingly employed a wide array of legal strategies targeting the drivers of obesity. This Article identifies recent global trends in obesity-related legislation and makes the normative case for an updated global governance strategy.

National governments have responded to the epidemic both by strengthening traditional interventions and by developing novel legislative strategies. This response consists of nine important trends: (1) strengthened and tailored tax measures; (2) broadened use of counter-advertising and health campaigns; (3) expanded food labeling; (4) …

The Dyslexic Issue: Resources For Parents, Teachers, And Related Professionals, Shawn D. Murphy

All Graduate Projects

This handbook and website project gives a thorough explanation of dyslexia, the history of dyslexia, and the latest resources available for parents, teachers, and related professionals who support students with dyslexia. The handbook and webpage will provide parents, teachers, and related professionals information which they may access in order to support students with dyslexia throughout their academic career. These resources will offer much-needed support for parents, teachers, and related professionals in learning how to properly identify the characteristics which are most often associated with dyslexia. Furthermore, they will provide an important myriad of resources for intervention for students with dyslexia …

Assessing Inter-Rater Agreement For Compositional Data, Ningning Chen

Open Access Dissertations

Compositional data are non-negative vectors whose elements sum to one (e.g., [0.1, 0.5, 0.4]). This type of data occurs in many research areas where the relative magnitudes between the vector’s elements are of primary interest. In this dissertation we propose novel methodology for assessing inter-rate agreement based on compositional data. This is needed because existing agreement measures either involve converting the vector to a univariate value, thereby losing information, or they fail to account for the sum-to-one restriction. We propose a novel Bayesian approach, enabled by Markov chain Monte Carlo, to investigate differences in the pattern of compositional vector scores. …

Signal Enhancement And Data Mining For Biological And Chemical Samples Using Mass Spectrometry, Yuezhi Du

Open Access Dissertations

Mass spectrometry has been actively involved in the areas of healthcare, pharmaceutics, environmental analysis, food industry and forensics due to its ability to provide molecular information at trace levels. Recently, because of the complexity of chemical and biological samples, computer-assisted mass spectra analysis, including signal enhancement, statistics and machine learning, has been drawn more and more attention especially for researches in biomarker identification, sample classification and omics-related areas where high volume of data is generated.

Mammalian Synthetic Biology: Emerging Medical Applications, Zoltan Kis, Hugo Sant'ann Pereira, Takayuki Homma, Ryan M. Pedrigi, Rob Krams

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this review, we discuss new emerging medical applications of the rapidly evolving field of mammalian synthetic biology.We start with simple mammalian synthetic biological components and move towards more complex and therapy-oriented gene circuits. A comprehensive list of ON–OFF switches, categorized into transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and posttranslational, is presented in the first sections. Subsequently, Boolean logic gates, synthetic mammalian oscillators and toggle switches will be described. Several synthetic gene networks are further reviewed in the medical applications section, including cancer therapy gene circuits, immuno-regulatory networks, among others. The final sections focus on the applicability of synthetic gene networks to drug …

The Therapeutic Targeting Of Folate Receptor Alpha Positive Tumors Via Folate Receptor Selective Novel 5- And 6- Substituted Pyrrolo [2,3-D]Pyrimidine Antifolates", Shermaine Kimberly Mitchell-Ryan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Ovarian Cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death of women in the United States. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) constitutes 85-90% of malignancies within the ovary, with an alarming majority of these cases diagnosed at advanced stage. While most patients are initially highly responsive to the current treatment standard, there is a very high probability that they will recur with a drug resistant fatal disease. Currently there is no validated comprehensive model of disease progression for ovarian cancer, although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the origin of this disease and a putative precursor lesion has been identified …

Identification Of Fetal Genomic Copy Number Deletions Associated With Preeclamptic Mothers In The Caucasian Population, Tze-An Yuan

Public Health Theses

Genetic determinants that are associated with preeclampsia still remain elusive

nowadays, which might have resulted from limited understanding of the underlying

pathogenesis mechanisms and the fetal contributions. By using genome-wide association study approach, we identified 2 candidate copy number deletions of the highest odds ratio ranking on chromosome 1 and 19, from 283 US white babies born by the mothers with preeclampsia. Based on the molecular and biological functions of the genes entailed the deleted regions, which contain CTSK, ARNT, and ACTN4, we proposed that these two candidate genomic deletions might be associated with preeclampsia. In a further attempt to …

The Effects Of Landscape On Malaria Vectors Of The Neotropics, William David Lainhart

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Worldwide malaria control efforts have had varying degrees of success, leaving many countries either eliminating malaria or controlling malaria. In order to maintain forward momentum toward malaria elimination, malaria-eliminating and –controlling countries require different information regarding risk factors, spatial distributions of cases and vectors, vector biology metrics, and vector population genetics. The goal of this dissertation work was to provide information that addresses the knowledge gaps preventing the creation of effective vector and malaria control programs in one malaria-eliminating country (Panama) and two malaria-controlling countries (Peru and Brazil). Case data from Panama were analyzed to assess differences in risk factors …

Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The ability of brown adipocytes (fat cells) to dissipate energy as heat shows great promise for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Employing pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on directed differentiation, may overcome many issues currently associated with primary fat cell cultures. However, brown adipocytes are difficult to transplant in vivo due to the instability of fat, in terms of necrosis and neovascularization, once injected. Thus, 3D cell culture systems that have the potential to mimic adipogenic microenvironments are needed, not only to advance brown fat implantation, but also to better understand the role of brown adipocytes …

A Novel Method For Studying Gene Regulatory Elements In Vivo Reveals Essential Roles For Intron Splicing In Neurofilament Gene Expression, Chen Wang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Axon outgrowth requires coordinated expression of critical cytoskeletal genes in response to extracellular cues. The spatial and temporal expression of these genes is regulated transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. Such regulation is largely mediated through the activity of cis-regulatory elements within the cytoskeletal DNAs and RNAs, which recruit specific sets of trans-factors such as DNA- and RNA-binding proteins, as well as microRNAs. To identify the functionally active cis-elements, characterize their dynamically changing sets of trans-factors, and investigate the association between the two sets of regulators in the context of an intact developing nervous system, one needs to combine appropriate in vivo strategies …

3d-Bioengineering Of The Conventional Outflow Tract For High Throughput Drug Or Gene Transfer Screening For Glaucoma Treatment, Cula Nolise Dautriche

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Among ocular pathologies, glaucoma remains the second leading cause of blindness. The molecular mechanisms that lead to glaucoma have been attributed to damage of the conventional outflow tract. Conventional outflow tissues, a composite of the trabecular meshwork and the Schlemm's canal, regulate and maintain homeostatic responses of aqueous humor outflow. In glaucoma, drainage of aqueous humor into the Schlemm's canal is hindered, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). That increase in IOP is directly correlated with retinal ganglion cell death, eliminating the relay of visual information to the thalamus and visual cortex, leading to blindness. Although disturbance in …

Inquiro 9 (End Matter), Inquiro Staff

Inquiro (undergraduate research journal)

pp. 66-74

Behavioral Operations Management In Federal Governance, Frederick Leonard Mobley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The environmental uncertainty of federal politics and acquisition outsourcing in competitive markets requires an adaptive decision-analysis structure. Practitioners oriented toward exclusively static methods face severe challenges in understanding qualitative aspects of organizational governance. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine and understand behavioral relationship attributes within intuitive, choice, judgment, or preference decision-making processes. The problem addressed in this study was the detrimental effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB), and social exchange theory (SET) on the acquisition management relationship The OCB, CCB, SET dictates that sound business development, relationship acumen, emotional intelligence and perceptiveness …

Programmable Dna Delivery To Cells Using Bioreducible Layer-By-Layer (Lbl) Polyelectrolyte Thin Films, Maria Muniz

Wayne State University Theses

Bioreducible, layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte films show great promise for use in biomedical implant and gene-delivery applications. These nanometer-scale thin films can easily be coated onto a variety of implantable surfaces or devices. To achieve proof of concept, HEK-293, NIH/3T3, RAW, and MC3T3 cells were transfected using plasmid DNA with the green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP-DNA). In order to optimize transfection, a number of polyelectrolytes and biological components were systematically incorporated into the two similar basic LbL structures. Based on our previous degradation assays, it is shown that cellular interactions in vitro can break down the layers of the thin …

Evolution Of New Duplicate Genes In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Nicholas Curtis Marowsky

Wayne State University Theses

Abstract

Gene duplication is one of the major mechanisms by which organisms expand their genomes. The material added to the genome can then be acted upon by mutation and natural selection to increase the fitness of the species. By studying these duplicate sequences we can understand the process by which species evolve new functional genes. In a previous paper we identified 100 new duplicate genes through a genome wide comparison between A. thaliana and related species. We selected three of these new duplicate genes and investigated more closely their sequence and expression divergence from their parental gene. The three new …