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2015

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Modulation Of Rodent Central Respiratory Network Dynamics And Respiratory Phase Interactions, Tabitha Shen Aug 2015

Modulation Of Rodent Central Respiratory Network Dynamics And Respiratory Phase Interactions, Tabitha Shen

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Modulation of the central neural control system governing breathing is a critical mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of a functioning physiological system. Perturbations can be either endogenous or exogenous to the respiratory control system, meaning there are factors that modulate the respiratory control centers either directly (endogenously) or indirectly via feedback mechanisms (exogenously). We hypothesized that perturbations to the neural controller would cause changes in the configuration of the neural network, as evidenced by changes in slow and fast oscillatory respiratory network dynamics. To test this hypothesis, we use both an in vitro and an in vivo rat experimental preparation in …

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Major Depressive Disorder Is Related To A Broad Disruption In Brain Regions Underlying Working Memory Processing, John A. Borghi Aug 2015

Major Depressive Disorder Is Related To A Broad Disruption In Brain Regions Underlying Working Memory Processing, John A. Borghi

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with significant deficits in information processing (Clark et al. | 2009). Previous studies examining the neural basis of these deficits have often focused on disruptions localized to a small number of brain regions or have used study paradigms that do not allow for an examination of component cognitive processes such as the selection and maintenance of items held in working memory (WM). Using a task previously employed to investigate selective information processing in healthy subjects (Oh & Leung, 2010), the experiment described in this thesis examined two questions regarding the effect of MDD on …

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Adaptations To Chronic Unpredictable Threat Stress: Effects On Defensive Behaviors And Working Memory, Diane J. Kim Aug 2015

Adaptations To Chronic Unpredictable Threat Stress: Effects On Defensive Behaviors And Working Memory, Diane J. Kim

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In humans, stressors are often psychological and anticipatory in nature rather than directly harmful. In order to understand the consequences of chronic psychological stress and behavioral adaptations to repeated unpredictable threats, an ethologically relevant rodent model was developed that included the anticipation of a predator attack but without direct harm. In the unpredictable threat stress condition, rats faced risk while seeking resources through a tunnel over a three week period. When rats cross the tunnel, they were presented with random (p=0.25), simultaneous presentations of predator odor, flashing LEDs, and an abrupt auditory stimulus. The control group was housed in identical …

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Discovery Of Neoteric Antibacterial Agents Targeting The Cell Division Protein Ftsz, Divya Awasthi Aug 2015

Discovery Of Neoteric Antibacterial Agents Targeting The Cell Division Protein Ftsz, Divya Awasthi

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

FtsZ protein, which bears limited sequence homology to tubulin in eukaryotic cells, is involved in bacterial cell division. Interference with the assembly/disassembly dynamics of this protein affects the cell division processes, leading to inhibition of septation. Our laboratory has synthesized libraries of novel 2,5,6- and 2,5,7-trisubstituted benzimidazoles to target this vital cell division protein for antibacterial drug discovery. Specifically, we have identified >200 compounds possessing activity against the infectious bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). These compounds exhibit excellent activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mtb strains along with displaying potency against Mtb grown under hypoxic conditions. In addition, these compounds inhibit …

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Synthesis Of A Fluorescent Sensor For Calcium Measurement In Marine Sediments, Jingyu Huang Aug 2015

Synthesis Of A Fluorescent Sensor For Calcium Measurement In Marine Sediments, Jingyu Huang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Ocean acidification has been shown to endanger shelled marine organisms, since increased CO2 intake by oceans will decrease pH of seawater and enhance Ca2+ dissolution from shell skeletons. Determination of Ca2+ concentration in the marine environment would not only help to provide information about local calcium ion distribution and activities, but also provide a sketch of the living condition of shelled marine organisms. A number of optical sensors for calcium ion detection have been developed. However, these detectors were mostly designed for intracellular detections or relatively low ion concentration conditions (10− 6 to 10− 8 M) and have high …

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Tungstate Sorption Mechanisms On Various Mineral Surfaces: Systematic Batch Uptake Experiments And Spectroscopic Studies, Hyuck Hur Aug 2015

Tungstate Sorption Mechanisms On Various Mineral Surfaces: Systematic Batch Uptake Experiments And Spectroscopic Studies, Hyuck Hur

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The importance of this study is related to releases of tungsten to environment as a result of its widespread used in industrial, civil, and military applications. Recent studies have reported the oxidative dissolution of tungsten metal or alloy under appropriate pH and redox conditions resulting in the formation of tungstate, W(VI), which occurs mainly as oxyanions--some of which have a high solubility in aquatic and soil systems. Therefore, the environmental fate of W ultimately depends on an understanding of tungstate geochemistry. We will discuss the role of tungstate speciation on its sorption mechanism on environmentally relevant mineral surfaces, including aluminum …

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Synthesis Of A Novel Sandwich Base Nucleic Acid Analog, Xiao Liu Aug 2015

Synthesis Of A Novel Sandwich Base Nucleic Acid Analog, Xiao Liu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Nucleic acid mimics and analogs are artificially designed molecular strands that can bind to natural nucleic acids. They have far-reaching diagnostics and therapeutics applications. An ideal nucleic acid mimic should exhibit strong binding affinity to complementary DNA or RNA and excellent resistance to nucleases. Numerous nucleic acid mimics such as PNA, LNA and morpholino oligonucleotides have been studied for decades. In our study, we aim to synthesize novel improved nucleic acid analogs. We have designed various nucleic acid mimics by computational methods. An analog was chosen for synthesis consisting of a piperidine backbone and a " sandwich" base that intercalates …

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Activity And Mechanism Studies On Novel Antibacterial Molecules Targeting Menaquinone Biosynthesis And Fatty Acid Biosynthesis In Drug Resistant S. Aureus, Yang Lu Aug 2015

Activity And Mechanism Studies On Novel Antibacterial Molecules Targeting Menaquinone Biosynthesis And Fatty Acid Biosynthesis In Drug Resistant S. Aureus, Yang Lu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Drug resistance in bacteria has become a global threat to public health care. The emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exemplifies the eroding clinical efficacy of first-line antibiotics and emphasizes the need for new antibacterial drugs with novel mechanisms of action. The bacterial menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis pathway and fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (FAS-II) represent potential yet relatively underexploited targets for antibiotic development. My research is mainly focused on: 1) activity evaluation and mechanistic exploration of novel inhibitors targeting 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoyl-CoA synthase (MenB) from MRSA; 2) identification of a menaquinone salvage pathway in a defect S. aureus strain; 3) evaluation of …

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Rat's Orofacial Activity Recognition And Its Applications, Le Hou Aug 2015

Rat's Orofacial Activity Recognition And Its Applications, Le Hou

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

A major problem in neuroscience is determining the perceived value of rewarding and aversive stimuli in animal subjects. Orofacial activity, such as licking and gaping in response to tastes, has been shown to be well correlated with the perceived palatability of tastes sampled by an animal. The current standard for determining these orofacial reactions is frame-to-frame labeling by trained scientists, a very time consuming process. Here we introduce a supervised classifier that can automatically recognize nine distinct yet subtle orofacial activities with an accuracy of 82.00% (chances are 21.16%). The classifier implements data from both videos of rats receiving taste …

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The Evolution Of Pigmentation Traits In Natural Populations Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Rocio Siu Ng Aug 2015

The Evolution Of Pigmentation Traits In Natural Populations Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Rocio Siu Ng

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Research on insect melanism has been informative in understanding how evolutionary mechanisms can produce phenotypic diversity. My dissertation examines how genes contributing to the pigment biosynthesis pathway may be contributing to natural variation of pigmentation traits in Drosophila melanogaster. I uncovered significant variation in abdominal and thoracic pigmentation both within and among populations of D. melanogaster in the eastern United States. I closely examined how polymorphisms within the pigmentation genes, ebony, pale, Ddc, and tan are associated with pigmentation traits. I also looked for patterns of nucleotide diversity in each gene as well as evidence for selection. Each of the …

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Undestanding The Influence Of Habitat Alteration On Hummingbird Species Using A Multi-Level Analysis Approach, Boris A. Tinoco Aug 2015

Undestanding The Influence Of Habitat Alteration On Hummingbird Species Using A Multi-Level Analysis Approach, Boris A. Tinoco

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The tropical Andes, the richest region in the world in terms of biodiversity, faces widespread anthropogenic alteration of habitats. As a result, this region harbors one of the highest concentrations of threatened species worldwide. While there has been extensive research on the effects of habitat alteration on biodiversity, studies often focus on one level of ecological organization; however all levels are inherently linked. I investigated the influence of habitat alteration on biodiversity by studying hummingbird populations, the structure of hummingbird assemblages, and hummingbird - plant interactions in habitats with different land-use types that are the result of different human-induced alteration …

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Development Of High Efficiency Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell And Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Cheng Pan Aug 2015

Development Of High Efficiency Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell And Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Cheng Pan

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

With the urgency to conserve finite fossil fuels and control the carbon release within the framework of Kyoto agreement regarding global warming effect, the society shows great interest for the renewable energy. Varieties of energy generation devices using renewable energy sources are then created. However, most of the technologies are still at early stage and the applications of these devices are limited due to their relatively low efficiency and high cost. For bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell, the disordered morphology within the active layer for conventional BHJ solar cell construction significantly prevents the free movement of charge carriers, leading to …

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Epigenetic Study With Genome-Wide Hypothesis Test And Stepwise Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (Smars), Yijin Wu Aug 2015

Epigenetic Study With Genome-Wide Hypothesis Test And Stepwise Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (Smars), Yijin Wu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Epigenetic gene regulations are essential processes for development and differentiation in both animals and plants. With the advent and rapid advance of sequencing techniques, the high-throughput genome-wide epigenetic modification profiles have been extensively studied in the past few years. In this thesis work, we studied the relationship between gene regulation and two major epigenetic modifications, i.e. | DNA methylation and histone modifications. In the DNA methylation analysis, we studied two strains of Arabidopsis grown under different levels of carbon dioxide concentrations (430ppm vs. 810ppm) to simulate the impact of global climate change. The differentially methylated regions were identified by genome-wide …

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Rapidcap, A Mouse Model For Analysis And Therapy Of Prostate Cancer Reveals Drivers Of Pten-Mutant Metastasis., Hyejin Cho Aug 2015

Rapidcap, A Mouse Model For Analysis And Therapy Of Prostate Cancer Reveals Drivers Of Pten-Mutant Metastasis., Hyejin Cho

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The functional loss of PTEN through mutations, deletions, or protein degradation has been found at a high frequency in many human cancers. Therefore, the Pten gene locus has been targeted to generate clinically relevant mouse models for metastatic prostate cancer. The first two chapters include the development and exploration of RapidCaP, a novel mouse model for prostate cancer metastasis, that is based on surgical gene transfer to overcome the need for extensive animal breeding. Through prostate specific delivery of transgenic virus, model generation times have been reduced from several years to a few weeks. Moreover, non-invasive Xenogen-based imaging can be …

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Osteological, Myological, And Phylogenetic Trends Of Forelimb Reduction In Nonavian Theropod Dinosaurs, Sara Burch Aug 2015

Osteological, Myological, And Phylogenetic Trends Of Forelimb Reduction In Nonavian Theropod Dinosaurs, Sara Burch

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Limb reduction and vestigialization have occurred multiple times in the evolutionary history of Tetrapoda, most often related to a change in primary mode of locomotion. However, little is known about the functional shifts of reduced limbs or the morphological signals of complete vestigialization. The forelimbs of nonavian theropod dinosaurs, freed from the requirements of terrestrial locomotion, diversified into a wide variety of morphologies including extreme reduction relative to body size. Whether these limbs were functional or merely vestigial is a matter of contention. The primary objective of this dissertation was to provide new insights on the evolution and function of …

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Structure Characterization Of Cellulose Nanofibers/Microfibrils, Ying Su Aug 2015

Structure Characterization Of Cellulose Nanofibers/Microfibrils, Ying Su

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Cellulose nascent crystals or cellulose microfibrils, extracted from biomass through TEMPO-mediated oxidation, are low cost, biocompatible and high performance materials that have found wide applications in various fields, including water purification, polymer nanocomposites, biosensors, and tissue engineering. However, several fundamental aspects of the structure characterization of these cellulose nascent crystals and microfibrils have still been ambiguous. The current study uses synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize the structure of cellulose nanofibers (and their aggregates) and corresponding dispersed microfibrils from various sources (e.g. wood, bamboo, cotton, jute, etc.) in aqueous suspensions. It was revealed that typical cellulose nanofibers extracted from …

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Thin-Film Nanofibrous Composite Membranes By Interfacial Polymerization For Water Purification, Xiao Wang Aug 2015

Thin-Film Nanofibrous Composite Membranes By Interfacial Polymerization For Water Purification, Xiao Wang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

A thin-film nanofibrous composite (TFNC) membrane system for nanofiltration (NF) with substrates entirely fabricated by fibers was prepared. Water-channel structure was formed at the interface between the polymer barrier layer and the ultrafine cellulose nanofibers (CNs) in the supporting layer, demonstrating the advantages of using a CN substrate over other conventional ones. Both manual coating and slot-die coating were applied for membrane preparations. The resulting membrane performance showed that the slot-die coating method could produce better performance membranes than the manual coating method. With the optimized formulations and coating conditions, TFNC NF membranes coated by the slot-die method had a …

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It's A No For Bacterial Settlement: Nitric Oxide Regulated Biofilm Formation And Protein Expression, Yueming Xu Aug 2015

It's A No For Bacterial Settlement: Nitric Oxide Regulated Biofilm Formation And Protein Expression, Yueming Xu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Nitric Oxide (NO) is a diatomic signaling molecule that regulates diverse bacterial behaviors. Its effect on cell motility has been established in many microbial systems, but the molecular mechanism remains understudied. Some bacteria have an H-NOX (Heme-Nitric oxide/OXygen-binding) domain that functions as an NO sensor. It is found in the same operon with two component signaling histidine kinases or diguanylate cyclases (DGC) that synthesize and degrade cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP). C-di-GMP is a secondary signaling molecule that regulates bacterial motile to sessile lifestyle transition. In this dissertation, we dedicated our effort toward understanding the effect on bacterial biofilm by NO/H-NOX regulated …

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Functionalized Nanofibrous Materials For Water Purification, Rui Yang Aug 2015

Functionalized Nanofibrous Materials For Water Purification, Rui Yang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The world faces urgent problems related to global water pollution. New fast, efficient, green, and cost-effective purification technologies can play a crucial role in solving contamination issues and offering fresh water supplies. In this research, two of the most abundant natural polysaccharides, cellulose and chitin, are extracted from wood pulp and shrimp shells, respectively, by using a series of chemical/physical treatments to produce nanofibers of 5 nm to 20 nm in width and a few microns in length, and investigated as functional components in water purification membranes. These naturally occurring nanofibers were thiol-modified to improve their ability to adsorb heavy …

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Abnormal Emotional Reactivity And Reward Sensitivity In Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Daniel Justin Foti Aug 2015

Abnormal Emotional Reactivity And Reward Sensitivity In Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Daniel Justin Foti

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with abnormal neural activity elicited by affective stimuli and reward, yet results have been inconsistent across studies and have at times been contradictory. Discrepancies may be due in part to the wide range of laboratory paradigms and stimuli that have been used. The current study examined this issue by recording event-related potentials across a battery of four tasks within a single MDD sample. First, using two emotional reactivity tasks, the moderating effect of the personal relevance of stimuli was examined; normative and idiographic affective stimuli were contrasted. Second, using two environmental feedback tasks, monetary …

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The Text At An Impasse: Authorial, Representational, And Structural Boredoms In Selected Works By Gautier, Flaubert, And Gissing, Ashar Elizabeth Foley Aug 2015

The Text At An Impasse: Authorial, Representational, And Structural Boredoms In Selected Works By Gautier, Flaubert, And Gissing, Ashar Elizabeth Foley

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Théophile Gautier, Gustave Flaubert, and George Gissing deploy tropes of bored readers and writers and dilatory narrative structures in order to register their ambivalence toward the shift from sponsorship of the arts to a literary marketplace. In contrast to popular eighteenth- and nineteenth-century conceptions of the mood as sign of bad character, intellectual deficiency, or elitism, my chosen novelists posit boredom as a site from which to assess and critique their roles in culture. I begin with the problem of boredom's possibility in a literary text: boredom must be dispelled a priori for writing and reading to take place, making …

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Intrusions: Embodied Ethics In The Films Of Claire Denis, Kristin Lené Hole Aug 2015

Intrusions: Embodied Ethics In The Films Of Claire Denis, Kristin Lené Hole

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation develops an account of a feminist cinematic ethics through the films of Claire Denis, along with the philosophy of Jean-Luc Nancy and Emmanuel Levinas. Two facets of this ethics include what I term an ethics of sense and an aesthetic of alterity. I examine how Denis presents a counter cinema to dominant Hollywood film language, by centering non-mastery, opacity, and embodied relationality in her films. Arguing that the importance of her films is best understood through the lens of ethics, I locate these ethics both at the level of the film itself and also in the sensibility the …

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Morphology And Function Of The Ophidian Vertebral Column: Implications For The Paleobiology Of Fossil Snakes, Jacob Mccartney Aug 2015

Morphology And Function Of The Ophidian Vertebral Column: Implications For The Paleobiology Of Fossil Snakes, Jacob Mccartney

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Snakes are a speciose, ecologically diverse clade with an evolutionary history spanning the past 100 million years. This diversity makes them an excellent group for study, particularly given their importance in extant faunas. However, the fossil record of snakes is primarily composed of isolated vertebrae, owing to the great number of these elements and loosely articulated nature of the skull. This means that any study of the paleobiology of extinct snakes must rest primarily on vertebrae. The purpose of this dissertation is to add to the current knowledge of snake vertebral ecomorphology, and to begin to extend that understanding to …

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The (Inter)Natioanl Strategy: An Ivory Trade Ban In The United States And China, Morgan V. Manley Aug 2015

The (Inter)Natioanl Strategy: An Ivory Trade Ban In The United States And China, Morgan V. Manley

Fordham International Law Journal

This Note argues that a near-complete ban in ivory trade not only raises difficult domestic legal issues, but also does little to stop elephant poaching in Africa. Further, enacting a similar ban in China is not only unrealistic, but also would increase the illegal trade and, therefore, the slaughter of elephants in Africa. Part I explains the history of illegal ivory trade and describes the current legal environments in the United States and China. Part II presents the domestic legal and policy implications of an ivory ban, and analyzes the potential difficulties with implementing a similar ban in China. Part …

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Recovering The Historicity Of The Ideological Production Of Sor Juana Inã©S De La Cruz | Recovering The Historicity Of The Ideological Production Of Sor Juana Inés De La Cruz, Megan Leanne Hughes Aug 2015

Recovering The Historicity Of The Ideological Production Of Sor Juana Inã©S De La Cruz | Recovering The Historicity Of The Ideological Production Of Sor Juana Inés De La Cruz, Megan Leanne Hughes

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Many of Sor Juana's recent critics don't hesitate to categorize her work as early feminist writing, depicting her as a subversive visionary, a woman truly ahead of her time. Critical analyses of her work have often tended to emphasize Sor Juana's marginality highlighting her status as an illegitimate child, an unmarried woman dedicated to her studies, a defender of secular notions in a dangerously religious context, and a defender of women in a patriarchal world. The present discussion, however, represents an effort to resist the temptation to overly modernize Sor Juana; instead of understanding her life as an anomaly, this …

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Territorial Possessions: Gender, Power, And Identity In Tudor Ireland, Tara S. Rider Aug 2015

Territorial Possessions: Gender, Power, And Identity In Tudor Ireland, Tara S. Rider

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Gender, power, and identity formed a critical intersection in sixteenth century Ireland as Tudor England sought to bring this neighboring island more fully under Crown control. This dissertation examines how England imposed gender on both the Irish landscape and the Irish people, creating an illusion of weakness, a lack of power, and a means of controlling a society and a nation. This project examines the strategies England employed in the sixteenth century to bring Ireland more fully under English control in order to demonstrate how the cultural construction of Ireland's land and populace as both female and Other justified English …

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Annual Sedimentary Extracellular Enzyme Activities In Great Peconic Bay -- From A Two Dimensional Perspective, Zhenrui Cao Aug 2015

Annual Sedimentary Extracellular Enzyme Activities In Great Peconic Bay -- From A Two Dimensional Perspective, Zhenrui Cao

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Extracellular enzymes (EE) initiate heterotrophic remineralization by hydrolyzing high-molecular-weight organic matter to substrates sufficiently small (~600 Da) to be transported across cell membranes. An accurate understanding of EE associated remineralization processes in sedimentary deposits requires measuring patterns of extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) with minimal disturbance. Traditional methods for measuring EEA typically involve sectioning of sediment cores and incubation. This approach at best results in an averaged one-dimensional profile with low resolution. Any natural heterogeneity in enzyme activity is obscured and the possible association of activity patterns with sedimentary structure minimized. My dissertation work focused on the development of a planar …

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When Hands Touch: Manual Intercourse In Victorian Literature, Kimberly Nicole Cox Aug 2015

When Hands Touch: Manual Intercourse In Victorian Literature, Kimberly Nicole Cox

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

During the nineteenth century, the hand was a contested site of knowledge. Anatomists and physiologists viewed the hand as an emblem of human ascension; simultaneously, scientific theologians argued that the hand evinced God's intervention in human evolution. Pseudo-scientists popularized the erotic nature of tactile sensation located in the hands, as well as the practices of hand-phrenology, palmistry, and graphology that sought to identify individuals based on the surface character of their hands. Etiquette books acknowledge the important role handshakes played in social intercourse while concurrently establishing rules to regulate such tactile interactions and the unspoken sentiments that they might convey. …

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Fenton Chemistry And Disease - The Role Of Particle-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species In Pathogenesis, Andrea Dawn Harrington Aug 2015

Fenton Chemistry And Disease - The Role Of Particle-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species In Pathogenesis, Andrea Dawn Harrington

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are vital to the normal functioning of the immune system in the human body. However, when a foreign material enters the system the highly regulated balance between pro- and anti-oxidants can be disrupted, especially if the material itself can generate ROS. One way a material can generate ROS is through Fenton chemistry. The hypothesis that Fenton chemistry is an important factor in many exposure related diseases is experimentally tested using an array of complementary acellular and cellular in vitro techniques. The acellular experiments focused on determining the particle-derived formation of ROS upon dispersion in aqueous solutions, …

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Nmr Investigation Of Organic Phosphorus In Calcite, Zelong Zhang Aug 2015

Nmr Investigation Of Organic Phosphorus In Calcite, Zelong Zhang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The interaction between calcite and dissolved organic phosphate is important to biomineral and geochemical systems. Organic molecules and phosphates can be adsorbed to the calcite surface and incorporated as impurities in the matrix during crystal growth. Although 31P NMR spectroscopy has been extensively used to study the nature of P in a wide variety of natural samples, a lack of understanding of spectroscopic characteristics of organic P occluded in calcite hinders NMR application in this area. Here, a methodology based on 31P NMR is proposed to help determine the speciation of P at low concentrations in calcite based on spectroscopic …

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