Digital Commons Network^™

The Translation Of Idioms In George Orwell's “Animal Farm” Into Arabic / Kareema Abdulnabi Lafta, Kareema Abdulnabi Lafta

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of idioms, their types, the strategies applied in translating them and how effectively they are rendered in the English novel “Animal Farm” and its Arabic version “يضسػح انؽٛ إٌ ” Mazraat (Farm) Al-haywan (Animal). The objectives of this study are: (i) to investigate the strategies used in translating the idioms in Orwell‟s “Animal Farm” into Arabic, (ii) to find out if the idioms in the English source text are effectively translated into Arabic, and (iii) to find the most suitable strategies for conveying the idioms that have been translated inappropriately from English into …

Interactional Patterns Of Chinese Speakers Of English In Group Interaction / Li Li, Li Li

Student Works (2010-2019)

Group discussion as a speech event is commonly used by young adults in various contexts throughout the process of tertiary studies. With the increasing number of such young adults from China pursuing their tertiary level education in Malaysia, this study seeks to look at how these foreign language users of English carry out group discussions, specifically focusing on their interactional patterns. In particular, the aims of the study are: (1) to investigate the features and the politeness strategies used in opening and closing sequences in group discussions; (2) to explore the speech produced by the Chinese speakers and ascertain if …

Ant-Based Vehicle Congestion Avoidance Framework Using Vehicular Networks / Mohammad Reza Jabbarpour Sattari, Mohammad Reza Jabbarpour Sattari

Student Works (2010-2019)

Over the last decade, vehicle population has dramatically increased all over the world. This large number of vehicles coupled with the limited capacity of the roads and highways lead to heavy traffic congestion. Besides, it gives rise to air pollution, driver frustration, and costs billions of dollars annually in fuel consumption. Although finding a proper solution for vehicle congestion is a necessity, it is still remaining a challenging task due to the dynamic and unpredictable nature of vehicular environments. Building new high-capacity streets can be a solution but it is very costly, time consuming and in most cases, infeasible due …

A Transitivity Analysis Of The Mandarin Ba Construction / Wang Jiaqi, Jiaqi Wang

Student Works (2010-2019)

Mandarin BA construction is quite a controversial but frequently-used unique sentence pattern with the most salient characteristic of sentence order. Since it is different from the most frequently-shown sentence order of subject-verb-object (SVO) in Chinese, BA construction tends to follow the pattern of “NP1+BA+NP2+V/VP”. It has been implied that the character of BA plays the role in enabling the post-verbal NP2 to occupy the pre-verbal position. Due to its structural peculiarity, the BA construction has received a considerable attention of grammarians. There have been many voices (L. Wang, 1945; Li and Thompson ,1981; H. Wang, 1984; Tsao, 1987; Li, 1990; …

Concept Of Chivalry (Futuwwah) According To Abd Al-Razzaq Kashani : Analysis On His Tuhfah Al-Ikhwan Fi Khasais Al-Fityan / Fatemeh Tayefeh Aghakhan Hashtroodi, Fatemeh Tayefeh Aghakhan Hashtroodi

Student Works (2010-2019)

The purpose of this topic of study is to examine the esoteric meaning of chivalry (futuwwah) by Kāshānī, based on the grounds of the School of Wahdah al-Wujūd, and to describe the theoretical classification of moral specification of chivalry. This study will open up a relatively unexplored aspect of chivalry, that reflects the concept of the mediocre imperfect human being, the lower level of the perfect human as identified by Sufis. The library research, collecting and analyzing data primary and secondary sources, makes it possible to draw a clear image of Kāshānī’s School of thought. Indeed, the combined historical and …

Development Of Bovine Cartilage Extracellular Matrix As A Potential Scaffold For Chondrogenic Induction Of Human Dermal Fibroblasts / Ali Moradi, Ali Moradi

Student Works (2010-2019)

Tissue engineering aims to find an ultimate solution for cartilage regeneration. Current strategies for cartilage repair using chondrocytes are limited by the usability of cell sources as observed in several contemporary techniques such as autologous cell implantations. Cartilage tissue engineering strategies involving scaffold fabrication are common. However, only few studies have described the use of scaffolds as a promoter for chondrogenic differentiation. Cartilage extracellular matrix derived scaffolds contain many bioactive factors that have chondrogenic potential of which if appropriately managed, may provide the key to successful cartilage repair outcomes. The present thesis describes a potential biomaterial derived from bovine articular …

Community Rights: Fighting The Walmart Invasion Of Small Town American With Legal Intelligence., Andre M. Larkins

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Small communities, like Cibolo, Texas, can counter Walmart’s retail offensive by turning to the law. After achieving global retail superiority, Walmart now looks to dominate the retail market of small towns across America. An average of 1.5 new Walmart stores open every day. Annually, the retail giant earns gross revenue totaling $483 billion, rivaling the gross domestic product of many countries. Communities can defend against Walmart’s invasion of neighborhoods and their abundant resources by careful application of legal intelligence. Legal intelligence is the collection, processing, integration, analysis, and interpretation of relevant legal practice or history to produce usable information aimed …

The Nonfinancial Returns Of Crowdfunding, Andrew A. Schwartz

Publications

Securities crowdfunding — the sale of unregistered securities to the public over the Internet — has come under attack before it has even begun. Legal scholars in particular have expressed concern that investors will lose any money they invest in crowdfunding companies. Even assuming that this may be true from a purely financial perspective, these critics are missing an important point: Crowdfund investors with negative returns will not simply have lost their money, but rather they will have spent it (at least in part) on nonpecuniary benefits, including entertainment, political expression and community building. These nonfinancial returns of crowdfunding are …

Pecan Grove Review Volume 16, St. Mary's University

Pecan Grove Review

Creative writings by students, faculty, and staff of the St. Mary's University community.

Potential Tort Liability For Personal Use Of Drone Aircraft., Benjamin D. Mathews

St. Mary's Law Journal

In the United States, the use of personal drones has become more prevalent. Businesses now use drones to deliver products to consumers. Consumers now use drones to video and photograph special events. As a result, new laws are needed concerning personal usage of drones. The number of drone sales is predicted to double by 2024. This is reflected by companies such as Parrot, a vendor of private drones, who in the first quarter of 2014 sold 670,000 drones. Citizens whose personal liberties have been infringed upon by another individual’s use of personal drones, often resort to common law torts because …

Equity And Corporate Law, Mark J. Loewenstein

Publications

The article explores the continuing relevance of the 1991 Delaware Supreme Court decision in Schnell v. Chris-Craft Industries, Inc., in particular the extent to which evolving concepts of good faith have, or should, displace the free-wheeling equity doctrine of Schnell.

Outing Privacy, Scott Skinner-Thompson

Publications

The government regularly outs information concerning people's sexuality, gender identity, and HIV status. Notwithstanding the implications of such outings, the Supreme Court has yet to resolve whether the Constitution contains a right to informational privacy - a right to limit the government's ability to collect and disseminate personal information.

This Article probes informational privacy theory and jurisprudence to better understand the judiciary's reluctance to fully embrace a constitutional right to informational privacy. The Article argues that while existing scholarly theories of informational privacy encourage us to broadly imagine the right and its possibilities, often focusing on informational privacy's ability to …

How Do We Know When Speech Is Of Low Value?, Helen Norton

Publications

No abstract provided.

Profiling Of Anti-Diabetic Agent From Pereskia Bleo (Kunth) / Nadzrul Aida Bt Mat Darus, Nadzrul Aida Mat Darus

Student Works (2010-2019)

Pereskia bleo (Kunth) belongs to the family of Cactaceae and locally known as jarum tujuh bilah. It has been used traditionally by native Malaysian for the treatment of diabetes. However, the lack of scientific data to validate such claim have motivates researcher to study for its anti-diabetic activities. In this study, the leaves, stems and roots of Pereskia bleo crude extracts were extracted with hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous. The separation and detections of bioactive compounds were done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Liquid Chromatography Mass spectrometry combined with Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS) methods. The TLC results showed …

Anticancer Effects Of 1’S-1’- Acetoxychavicol Acetate And Its Potentiation When Conjugated With Human Alpha Fetoprotein Against Human Tumours In Mice / Norhafiza Binti Mohd Arshad, Norhafiza Mohd Arshad

Student Works (2010-2019)

Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that 1’S-1’-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and its analogue, 1’S-1’-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA) isolated from rhizomes of the Malaysian ethno-medicinal plant Alpinia conchigera Griff (Zingiberaceae) induces apoptosis-mediated cell death in tumour cells via dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway and reduced physiological side effects on non-transformed cells. Nevertheless, there were some clinical development drawbacks such as poor solubility in vivo, depreciation of biological activity and non-specific targeting of tumour cells. In collaborative study with Institute of Engineering Immunology Russia, all the problems above were addressed using their novel drug conjugation technology involving a recombinant human …

Waste Management By Restaurant Operators In Petaling Jaya / Nasr Eldin Abdallah Elshrif Ebrahiem, Nasr Eldin Elshrif Ebrahiem

Student Works (2010-2019)

There are number of factors contribute to municipal waste generation growth rate globally and locally factors are represented by increasing population levels, development, rapid urbanization and the rise in community living standards. Malaysia municipal waste is growing rapidly due to influence by these factors. This makes improving waste management practice highly demanded in every sector producing this waste. Restaurants have credible share in municipal waste as one of major waste source globally and in Malaysia as well, therefore this increase the necessity of study waste management practice among restaurants. This study aims to investigate waste management practice among restaurants in …

Municipal Solid Waste Management Of Indigenous Community In Kampung Kuala Pangsun, Hulu Langat, Selangor / Siti Nur Azlinda Suhada Binti Mohamad Sabri, Siti Nur Azlinda Suhada Mohamad Sabri

Student Works (2010-2019)

With the enactment of Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management (SWPCM) Act, all solid wastes from household and business are subjected to the Act. However, information on municipal solid waste management of rural communities, especially Orang Asli is inadequate due to lack of research studies. The objectives of the study are to measure amount, types and composition of waste generated, to assess current solid waste management practices and the impact towards the environment, to identify the involvement of Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (MPKj) and Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli Malaysia (JAKOA), and to propose for better solid waste management practices. Waste collection, …

Extrication Of Biodiesel Feedstock From Early Stage Of Food Waste Liquefaction / Maridah Binti Mohd Amin, Maridah Mohd Amin

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study aims to provide alternative solution in the management of domestic waste and the possibility of using the extracted free fatty acid (FFA) in the food waste as the feedstock for the production of biodiesel. The main concern of acquiring the FFA from the food waste is the challenge which lies during its extraction due to high water content. Prior to the pre-treatment of food waste via the natural biological cycle, the selection of best FFA extraction method was performed on the fresh food waste. It was found that the use of Reflux method is more effective compared to …

Extractive Bioconversion Of Polycaprolactone By Lipase In Aqueous Two-Phase System / Chew Pey Ling, Pey Ling Chew

Student Works (2010-2019)

Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a technique used for recovery and purification of biomolecules. Extractive bioconversion is a system which integrates biotransformation into ATPS to allow the in situ recovery of bioproducts immediately after they are formed. The extractive bioconversion of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) in an ATPS had not been established. In addition, the properties of the products obtained following the extractive bioconversion process are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the ideal conditions for Burkholderia cepacia lipase-mediated extractive bioconversion of PCL in a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based ATPS, as well as to examine the properties of the products …

Studies Of Breeding Habitats And Seasonal Occurrence Of Mosquitoes In Putrajaya And Kuala Selangor, With Laboratory Experiments Of Guppies And Dragonfly Nymphs As Potential Biocontrol Predators Against Mosquito Larvae / Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee, Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee

Student Works (2010-2019)

Mosquito control is essential for the control of vector borne diseases. Many synthetic insecticides are widely used for controlling adult and larval mosquito populations. However, there are multirole effects: e.g. the harmful effects of chemicals on non-target organisms, the development of resistance to these chemicals in mosquitoes and the recent resurgence of different mosquito-borne diseases. The objectives of this study are to determine the potential breeding habitats of the mosquitoes, mosquito indices, mosquito species, density of mosquito larvae, perceptions of respondents on bio control and to conduct captivity studies on predator–prey relationships. Entomological surveillance was carried out in six localities …

Isolation And Characterisation Of Metal-Tolerant Actinomycetes From A Karstic Cave In Malaysia / Yap Siew Mei, Siew Mei Yap

Student Works (2010-2019)

The main objective of this study was to isolate actinomycetes from environmental samples collected from the Dark Caves, a karstic cave located in Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The environmental samples were collected from different parts of the cave including cave ceilings, columns, soils and stalagmites. Results showed the number of actinomycetes isolated from cave soils was the highest among all sampling sites, followed by cave wall, cave columns and the lowest was from stalagmite. A few types of isolation media were used to selectively isolate actinomycetes and the results showed higher percentage of total actinomycete isolates were obtained from …

Synthesis, Characterization And Theoretical Study Of Amino Acid-Based Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer For Recognition Of Sulfonamide Drugs / Chen Lei, Lei Chen

Student Works (2010-2019)

Sulfonamides antibiotics (SAs) are the oldest and among the most widely used antibacterial agent in the world. Due to its low cost and their relative efficacy in controlling some common bacterial related diseases, SAs have been widely used in various sectors. Since huge amount of SAs have been consumed every year, SAs have been released into the environment through various human activities. Among various classes of pharmaceutical, the presence of antibiotics in the environments has been one of the major concerns due to its ability to develop antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, it is essential to develop an efficient method for the …

Comparative Biochemical Characterization Of Drosophila Melanogaster Epsilon Class Glutathione S-Transferase, Dmgste6 And Dmgste7 / Vennobaahshini A/P Venu, Vennobaahshini Venu

Student Works (2010-2019)

The study compares the biochemical behavior of two epsilon class Glutathione S- Transferase (GSTs) genes from Drosophila melanogaster, namely gste6 and gste7. Both GSTs were cloned, expressed and homogenously purified using a combination of anionic exchange chromatography and GSH-affinity matrix. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that both shared 83% and 69% amino acid sequence similarity and identity respectively. Each GSTE6 shared 79% and 77% similarity and GSTE7 has 77% similarity towards GST6A and GST6B of Musca domestica, respectively which are known to participate in resistance towards insecticides. The expressed recombinant proteins were tested for their activity towards 12 model substrates. Based on …

Socio-Economic Analysis On Waste Pickers In Selected Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites In Malaysia / Aida Husna Binti Zahariman, Aida Husna Zahariman

Student Works (2010-2019)

Waste production in Malaysia has increased to 30,000 ton per day. It is estimated that 90% of the waste is sent to landfills without any recovery of recyclable materials. This situation provides the waste pickers with a way to make a living by recovering the said materials. The purpose of this study is to understand the socio-economics of the waste pickers in three landfills in Selangor. The three landfills are: a sanitary landfill in Jeram, a non-sanitary landfill in Dengkil, and an open landfill in Bukit Beruntung. Both the Jeram and Dengkil landfills are under the management of Worldwide Holdings, …

Visualization Of Localized Movement Of Vitamin D Receptor Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation Approach / Wong Wai Keet, Wai Keet Wong

Student Works (2010-2019)

Research on treatments of rickets had led to the discovery of Vitamin D back in the early nineties. Vitamin D is synthesised through exposure of skin to sunlight and then transported to liver and kidney for activation process. Recent research showed that there are quite a number of targeted cells which uptake Vitamin D through the intra-cellular receptor, Vitamin D receptor (VDR). The purpose of this study is to visualise the changes of VDR during the present of Vitamin D. Molecular dynamic simulation was implemented to carry out this study. PDB file (1DB1) of the latest entry in PDB was …

Proteins Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Derived From Pleurotus Pulmonarius Mycelium (Fr.) Quél / Badjie Xietaqieuallah Binti Ibadallah, Badjie Xietaqieuallah Ibadallah

Student Works (2010-2019)

Pleurotus pulmonarius (grey oyster mushroom) is a well-known edible mushroom that has been acknowledged as a curative agent for many diseases. The antihypertensive potential of Pleurotus pulmonarius mycelium was investigated in vitro via angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The study was commenced with cultivation of P. pulmonarius mycelium using small scale liquid submerged fermentation for seven days in which brown sugar-spent yeast medium was used as substrate. The mycelial yield was separated from the whole broth to produce mycelial aqueous extract and broth extract, respectively. A preliminary ACE inhibitory assay was performed on the mycelial aqueous extract and broth …

Hirarc Study For Occupational Safety And Health Evaluation Of Clinical Waste Handlers At A Hospital And An Incineration Plant / Kauselya Muniandy, Kauselya Muniandy

Student Works (2010-2019)

Clinical waste poses serious threats and hazards to human health. Clinical waste, which is categorized as a scheduled waste in Malaysia, has been increasing over the years. Thus, proper clinical waste management is important as improper clinical waste handling has led to many incidents involving handlers over the years (Arab et al., 2008). However, research on hazard and risk assessment for clinical waste management has been very limited, and there is a serious dearth of information for risk control planning. This project seeks to document the hazards found during clinical waste collection and disposal practices in a healthcare establishment and …

Cabaran Industri Filem Melayu, Pandangan Penggiat Industri Dan Penonton / Hizral Tazzif Hisham, Hizral Tazzif Hisham

Student Works (2010-2019)

Kajian ini membentangkan cabaran yang dihadapi industri tempatan dan menyediakan kerangka bagi membina model ekosistem untuk mewujudkan industri filem yang berdaya maju dan berdaya saing. Kelemahan ini menyebabkan kemasukan filem luar dalam pasaran dan pada masa yang sama menggugat perkembangan industri filem tempatan sebagai industri produk budaya berasaskan nilai tradisi dan budaya tempatan digugat populariti filem asing. Walaupun menerima dana kerajaan dan Dasar Filem Negara yang dapat membantu membangunkan industri filem tempatan dan menjadikan Malaysia sebagai lokasi penggambaran tetapi kelemahan industri filem tempatan tetap ada. Antaranya, mutu skrip, tenaga kerja, tayangan dan pertindihan bidang tugas agensi kerajaan. Selain itu, industri …

Transcriptome Profiling Of Omental Adipose Tissues In Human Obesity By Rna-Seq / Ng Hien Fuh, Hien Fuh Ng

Student Works (2010-2019)

Recent scientific research has indicated that inflammation in adipose tissues plays a central role in the pathophysiology of obesity and related complications. However, despite extensive studies, the molecular mechanisms that trigger and aggravate the obesity-related inflammation remain unclear. In this study, transcriptome profiling of omental adipose tissues from three obese and four lean patients was performed using the RNA-Seq technology. Differential expression analysis identified 206 dysregulated genes (p-value < 0.05 and fold change ≥ 2) in obesity, that are known to be involved in a multitude of functions including stress response, inflammatory response and leukocyte adhesion. Furthermore, differential splicing analysis uncovered a possible role for TLR4 RNA splicing in obesity, which is further validated with an independent cohort of samples (five obese and six lean patients) using RT-qPCR. These findings suggest that, as a person experiences weight gain leading to obesity, the adipose splicing pattern of TLR4 transcripts changes in favor of activation of TLR4 signaling, which in turn, may contribute to the progression of obesity-related inflammation and complications. This study provides a glimpse at the transcriptome of disease-state adipose tissue in obesity, and demonstrates the potential importance of aberrant RNA splicing and expression in obesity-associated immune dysregulation.

Electrodeposition And Characterization Of Sn-Bi Lead-Free Soldier Alloys / Goh Yingxin, Ying Xin Goh

Student Works (2010-2019)

Tin-bismuth eutectic alloy (Sn-58 wt.% Bi) is emerging as a potential lead-free solder alternative. The low melting temperature (138oC) of this alloy makes it a suitable candidate for higher level interconnections and for soldering heat sensitive components. Demands for high density interconnections led to the development of electroplating technique in soldering. In this work, a methane sulfonic acid (MSA) based plating bath is developed for the electrodeposition of Sn-Bi solder alloys. Composition control of the alloy is hampered by the large potential gap between the two elements. Electrolyte additives were incorporated to assist the simultaneous deposition of Sn and Bi. …