Digital Commons Network^™

No Refuge: Hungarian Romani Refugee Claimants In Canada, Julianna Beaudoin, Jennifer Danch, Sean Rehaag

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

From 2008 to 2012, large numbers of Hungarian Romani refugee claimants came to Canada. Their arrival was controversial. Some political actors suggested that their claims were unfounded and amounted to abuse of Canada’s refugee processes -- abuse which could only be prevented through wide-scale reforms to the refugee determination system. Many advocates for refugees, by contrast, argued that persecution against Roma was rampant in Hungary and noted that hundreds of Hungarians had been recognized as refugees in Canada. Some went further and contended that Romani refugee claimants fled persecution in Hungary only to be confronted with similar mistreatment in Canada. …

The Perpetual Pursuit Of Sharing And Caring: Thomas Kleven's Equitable Sharing As A Guide For Legal Actors Chasing Meaningful Democracy, Sas Ansari

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

Equitable Sharing presents a strong argument for the pursuit, development, and dynamic maintenance of cooperative and complementary regulatory and governance systems (including taxation) that all have the same aim: promoting equitable sharing and countering the concentration, entrenchment, and propagation of power and privilege. We are asked to look at the reasons why societies form, the ideologies justifying and supporting social formation and cooperation by all of society’s members, the manner in which they function, and the very necessary relations that form the core of social existence and operation. We are then asked to develop systems that order society and distribute …

The Environmental Emergency And The Legality Of Discretion In Environmental Law, Jocelyn Stacey

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

This article argues that environmental issues confront us as an ongoing emergency. The epistemic features of serious environmental issues – the fact that we cannot reliably distinguish ex ante between benign policy choices and choices that may lead to environmental catastrophe – are the same features of an emergency. This means that, like emergencies, environmental issues pose a fundamental challenge for the rule of law: they reveal the necessity of unconstrained executive discretion. Discretion is widely lamented as a fundamental flaw in Canadian environmental law, which undermines both environmental protection and the rule of law itself. Through the conceptual framework …

Jurisprudence And (Its) History, Dan Priel, Charles L. Barzun

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

It is not obvious that philosophers and historians of law should take much interest in the scholarly enterprises of the other. Many legal philosophers understand their task as one of clarifying the meaning of such familiar legal concepts as “right,” “duty,” or “law” by offering analyses of them that purport to be general, abstract, and timeless. Meanwhile, historians tend to be suspicious of speculative claims ungrounded in fact and so often prefer to focus on the concrete, particular features of actual legal regimes.
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Common Law Property Theory And Jurisprudence In Canada, Sarah E. Hamill

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

In recent years, property theorists have offered varying accounts as to what exactly ownership is, typically focusing on one or more key rights to the owned thing. However, most of these theories are articulated in the abstract and do not engage the jurisprudence. This article uses the jurisprudence concerning expropriation and adverse possession to show that Canadian courts have in fact developed their own definition of ownership — one that is not reflected in the property theory discourse. The author goes on to argue that this narrower definition of ownership — made up by the rights to exclude and to …

Answering Canadian Tax Questions: An Introduction To Tax Law Research, Sas Ansari

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

Income taxation is a complicated area of law that requires a researcher to master not only a large volume of complex legislation, but because of its ‘accessory-law’ nature, also requires good knowledge of many other areas of law (both statutes and common law). This paper provides an introduction to tax law research in the Canadian context. It begins by introducing the tax research process in Part 1 before moving on to discuss how to find the law and material with legally enforceable consequences in Part 2. The paper, in Part 3, discusses primary sources of tax law, and explains how …

Regulating Water And War In Iraq: A Dangerous Dark Side Of New Governance, Tracey Leigh Dowdeswell, Patricia Hania

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

In the legal scholarship, the 'new governance' mode of governance advances an administrative arrangement where decision-making is shared amongst a range of actors, both public and private. The flexible, responsive, and collaborative governance orientation is intended to counter the ill effects of a coercive, top-down, state-centric, command- and-control approach to governance. Critics contend the new governance framework can displace the interests of local communities, disempower individuals, and dislodge basic human rights. The U.S. military has adopted such an adaptive approach in its own governance structure, which in this article is referred to as: the new governance "mentality." This mentality of …

Sustaining Innovation: Capstones, Curriculum, And Community Partnerships At Portland State University, Amy Spring

University Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Portland State University (PSU) is honored to have the opportunity to create this special issue of Metropolitan Universities. “Curricular Innovation: Engaged Capstones at Portland State University” has offered PSU the meaningful opportunity to reflect and identify some of the hallmarks that have contributed to the successful launch, evolution, and sustainability of the university’s community engagement efforts. This publication shares the story and the lessons derived from PSU’s innovative general education reform, particularly in regard to the senior-level capstone which is the signature and culminating aspect of our community-engaged curriculum. Articles also review complementary pedagogical practices and institutional policies, and some …

Some Speculation About Mirror Neurons And Copyright, 14 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 410 (2015), Stephen Mcjohn

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Copyright plays a central role in regulating cultural transmission. Authors are given exclusive rights to copy, adapt, distribute, perform and display their works. These rights have limits, most notable fair use and the non-protection of ideas. In setting the bounds of those limits, courts implicitly follow some basic folk psychology. This paper would explore how neuroscience can be used to illuminate and challenge those background assumptions. Copyright law implicitly assumes that literal copying is not necessary for cultural transmission. If there are many ways to express the same idea, then transmission of an idea will not be restricted by prohibiting …

2015-2016 Risd Course Announcement, Risd Registrar's Office, Risd Archives

RISD Course Catalogs / Announcements

No abstract provided.

Bulletin: General Catalog Issue 2015-2016, Portland State University

Bulletin & Curriculum Change Documents

Volume 1 is available via the Download option, Volume 2 is available in the Additional Files below

Curriculum Change 2015-2016, Portland State University

Bulletin & Curriculum Change Documents

No abstract provided.

Pocket Monsters And Pirate Treasure: Fantasy And Social Platforms In The 21st Century, Jacob Waalk

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

POCKET MONSTERS AND PIRATE TREASURE: FANTASY AND SOCIAL PLATFORMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY is an anthropology project examining media, fantasy, ideology, and social groups in order to build a better foundation for the ways in which economic and social changes influence social networking, popular media, and values by using the anime-manga subculture as an example. The thesis draws from three major theorists: Thomas LaMarre, Anne Allison, and Ian Condry as well as major anthropological theorists such as Pierre Bourdieu. As an ethnography, the project was split into two sections: one consisting of interviews with eight anime-manga subculture participants drawn primarily …

The Effects Of Clinorotation In The Host Plant, Medicago Truncatula, And Its Microbial Symbionts, Ariel Dauzart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this research was to understand mutualistic relationships between plants and endophytic microbes under the influence of an altered gravity vector. Understanding the outcome of the plant-microbe symbiosis in altered gravity is vital to developing life support systems for long distance space travel and colonization of other planets. This research utilized the model tripartite relationship among Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti–Rhizophagus irregularis. Plants were inoculated with rhizobial bacteria (S. meliloti), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (R. irregularis), both microbes, or none (microbial control), and placed on a rotating clinostat for 28 d. Vertical and horizontal static controls were also performed. Plant development …

The Influence Of Casual Footwear On Human Balance, Samuel J. Wilson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Falls are the third leading cause of unintentional death in homes and communities in the United States, causing 27,800 fatalities in 2012. The ability to maintain postural control is an essential part of activities of daily living (ADLs). However, recent types of casual footwear may be putting the body’s postural control system at a functional disadvantage, predisposing wearers to the risk of a fall. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects three forms of casual footwear (thong style flip-flops (FF), clog style Crocs® (CC), and Vibram® Five-Fingers (MIN)) have on postural control following a one mile walk …

Visual Phallacies, John Howard Cummings

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Roland Barthes wrote that only after removing all of the author's intentions and traces can a work of art truly be perceived by viewers fairly (Barthes). A viewer's perception of the world is influenced by his or her individual subjective history, which is the product of his or her own experiences. But as the author of ceramic work, my influence is ever-present. Clay records every push, pull, spank, squeeze, and poke. It fully records its physical history and as well as my actions upon it. This thesis exhibition asks the question: Can a viewer de-contextualize familiar-but-contentious subject matter and be …

Hydroxychloroquine Prevents Antiphospholipid Antibody-Induced Inhibition Of Trophoblast Migration, Caroline Albert

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE PREVENTS ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY- INDUCED INHIBITION OF TROPHOBLAST MIGRATION

Women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are at high risk of recurrent pregnancy complications. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) target the trophoblast by binding beta2-glycoprotein I (b2GPI) and alter human first trimester trophoblast function by: triggering a pro-inflammatory cytokine response; modulating angiogenic factor secretion; and inhibiting cell migration. While patients with APS are often treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and it is safe to use during pregnancy, little is known about the effects of HCQ on aPL-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that HCQ prevents the …

Hearts With Cardiac Arrest History Safe For Transplant In The Context Of Donor And Recipient Factors, Aditi Balakrishna

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Cardiac arrest, or downtime, can result in ischemic damage to myocardial tissue, which prompts caution in accepting hearts with such a history for transplant. Our aim is to provide guidance about whether these hearts are suitable and which among them confer optimal outcome.

Methods: We analyzed all first-time adult cardiac transplantations in the United States between 1988 and 2010 as reported in the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. Stratification was between donors with downtime history prior to brain death versus those without such a history for univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: Of 17,941 donors that met inclusion …

The Heterotaxy Candidate Gene, Tmem195, Regulates Nuclear Localization Of Beta-Catenin, Anna Ruth Duncan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 1 in every 130 newborns and is the leading cause of infant mortality (2). Heterotaxy (Htx), a disorder of left-right (LR) development, commonly leads to CHD. Despite aggressive surgical management, patients with Htx have poor survival rates and severe morbidity due to their complex CHD. Many of the genetic causes of Htx remain undefined, however, a recent genetic analysis of Htx patients identified a single mutant allele in the novel candidate gene, TMEM195 (3). TMEM195 is an alkylglyercol monooxygenase that cleaves ether lipids, but neither its molecular target nor its role in development has been …

Novel Mechanisms Of Trophoblast Responses To Antiphospholipid Antibodies And Therapeutics In Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Stefan Mathias Gysler

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and an increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Current treatments, such as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may maintain pregnancy but do not reduce the risk of these late gestational complications. aPL trigger placental inflammation by activating trophoblast Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to cytokine production. Since some microRNAs (miRs) regulate TLR responses, this study sought to determine the functional role of aPL-induced miR expression in regulating trophoblast inflammation. Since vitamin D deficiency is common in APS patients, the effect of vitamin D …

Neuropsychological Testing Impairment In Acute Hiv And The Effects Of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy, Idil Kore

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Acute HIV infection (AHI) is accompanied by central nervous system infection and immune activation. We investigated baseline predictors of neuropsychological (NP) performance in Thai participants with AHI and the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on domains of functioning known to be affected by HIV.

36 participants with AHI (89% male, median age of 28 years, median time since HIV exposure of 19 days) were evaluated at baseline and 3 and 6 months after ART. Performance on the Grooved Pegboard test (GP), Color Trails 1 & 2 (CT1, CT2), and Trails Making Test A (TM) were standardized to 251 age and …

Cost Analysis Of Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation Versus Surgical Pulmonary Valve Replacement, Xin He

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and pulmonary valve dysfunction account for roughly 20% of all congenital heart diseases. Over time, these types of dysfunction can lead to right heart failure, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Improvements in RVOT and pulmonary valve function may reverse some of the deleterious effects. Historically, surgical pulmonary valve replacement has been the mainstay method of pulmonary valve repair. In 2010, percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) was introduced in the US. This study analyzed the healthcare costs for 47 and 51 patients that underwent PPVI and surgical pulmonary repair, respectively, at Yale-New Haven …

Age-Related Intravenous Induction Dosing In Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgeries, Jia Liu

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background:

It has been shown that elderly patients have decreased anesthetic requirements due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug sensitivity. Previous work has also shown that anesthetic dosing is often not being rigorously corrected for age.

Purpose:

To determine whether the dosing of intravenous (IV) induction anesthetics in patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) surgeries are corrected appropriately for age.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the intraoperative electronic anesthetic records of 1868 adult patients (aged ≥ 18 yrs) receiving general anesthesia for GI surgeries from February 2013 - January 2014. Patients undergoing multiple procedures, those requiring temporary abdominal closure or rapid …

Evaluating Targeted And Immunomodulatory Therapies For Melanoma In A Genetically Engineered Mouse Melanoma Model, Billy Lockhart

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Melanoma therapy has changed rapidly due to the emergence of new therapies: MAPK-pathway targeted drugs and immunomodulatory agents. Given the relative success of these new individual drugs, this work set out to evaluate and develop effective melanoma treatments using combination therapies in a preclinical mouse melanoma models. Therapies tested include BRAF kinase inhibition in combination with: immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA4, anti-PDL1, and with the topical TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod. Drugs efficacies were tested in established melanomas in a conditional inducible mouse melanoma model based on activation of Braf and beta catenin and loss of Pten. 
BRAF inhibition in combination with anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-L1 …

The Role Of Physical Activity In The Quality Of Life Of Cancer Survivors, Apoorva Tewari

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Beyond its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, physical activity (PA), may improve the quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors. However, most studies have been in limited cancer types (breast, colon and prostate) and relatively little focus has been given to its effect on less common cancers. Aim 1 was to conduct a systematic review of the effect of PA on the outcomes of head and neck (H&N) cancer survivors. Aim 2 was to determine the effect of the PA guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) on the QOL of a diverse sample of cancer survivors. To do so, …

Tissue Engineering The Neural Retina With Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Exploring The Role Of The Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Yu Cheng Peter Zhao

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In order to restore vision in the late stages of retinal degeneration, it is necessary to address loss of cells from both the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the neural retina. As a step towards generating neural retinal tissue for translational studies, we evaluated a biodegradable polymer scaffold as a three-dimensional vehicle for the directed differentiation of H9 human embryonic stem cells (H9-hESC) into neural retina. Polymer scaffolds were electrospun from 14% w/v polycaprolactone (PCL), approximated the thickness of native neural retina, and consisted of loose, randomly oriented fibers of subcellular diameter. H9-hESC were seeded to PCL scaffolds, cultured in …

Gliopathy Of Demyelinating And Non-Demyelinating Strains Of Mouse Hepatitis Virus, Lawrence Charles Kenyon, Kaushiki Biswas, Kenneth Shindler, Manasi Nabar, Marjorie Stout, Susan T. Hingley, Judith B. Grinspan, Jayasri Das Sarma

PCOM Scholarly Works

Demyelination in the central nervous system induced by neurovirulent strains of Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) is mediated by the viral spike glycoprotein, but it is not clear whether the mechanism of this disease pathology involves direct viral infection of oligodendrocytes. Detailed studies of glial cell tropism of MHV are presented, demonstrating that direct MHV infection of oligodendrocytes differs between demyelinating (RSA59) and non-demyelinating (RSMHV2) viral strains both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that direct injury of mature oligodendrocytes is an important mechanism of virus-induced demyelination. In vivo, RSA59 infection was identified in spinal cord gray and white …

Proton Pump Inhibitors And Atrial Fibrillation, Dustin Hughes

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used drugs in the United States. Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects 2.7 million people in this country and often leads to other serious medical conditions. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that PPIs may be proarrhythmic. This study seeks to better appreciate the relationship between these popular drugs and the most common arrhythmia.

Methods

This is a nested case-control study using a large, nationally representative insurance database. Members with an incident AF diagnosis between 2007 and 2009 were identified. Each case was matched with one control member, using incidence density sampling, and …

Quantifying Seabird Influence On Recovering Island Ecosystems, Stephanie Kong

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Species that compose island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to extinctions. In New Zealand alone, since human settlement began around 1285AD, 41% of bird species have been driven to extinction. Seabirds play an important role on land and in terrestrial, intertidal and subtidal zones by subsidizing island ecosystems with guano. Additionally, burrow-nesting seabirds churn up the soil by digging the burrows in which they nest, resulting in significant soil disturbance, also called biopedturbation. Unfortunately, invasion of exotic species is among the leading causes of native species extinctions and consequent transformation of ecosystem function globally. One of the most damaging and widespread …

Lateral Tracheal And Esophageal Displacement In Avialae And Morphological Implications For Theropoda (Dinosauria : Saurischia), Jeremy Joseph Klingler

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This research examines the evolution, phylogenetic distribution, and functional explanations for a peculiar and often overlooked character seen in birds, herein called tracheal and esophageal displacement. Of special interest to this study is examining whether the trait was present in non-avian theropod dinosaurs. This study found that essentially all birds are characterized by a laterally displaced trachea and/or esophagus. The displacement may occur gradually along the neck, or it may happen immediately upon exiting the oropharynx. Displacement of these organs is the result of a heavily modified neck wherein muscles that create mobility restrictions in lizards, alligators, and mammals (e.g., …