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2014

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Use Of Diploid And Tetraploid Hulled Wheat Genotypes For Animal Feeding, Mahmut Kaplan, Taner Akar, Adem Kamalak, Sancar Bulut Jan 2014

Use Of Diploid And Tetraploid Hulled Wheat Genotypes For Animal Feeding, Mahmut Kaplan, Taner Akar, Adem Kamalak, Sancar Bulut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Einkorn and emmer wheat are still cultivated in the mountainous areas of Turkey. They are resistant to biotic and abiotic stress conditions and are routinely used as food stuffs due to reasonable dietary fiber rate and vitamin and micronutrient content. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the feed potential of einkorn and emmer wheat populations. A total of 17 hulled wheat populations collected from different provinces of Turkey were studied during the years 2012 and 2013. Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications to investigate grain yield, harvest index, chemical composition, and gas …

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First Report Of Adoxophyes Orana In Northwestern Turkey: Population Fluctuation And Damage On Different Host Plants, Bi̇lgi̇ Pehlevan, Orkun Bariş Kovanci Jan 2014

First Report Of Adoxophyes Orana In Northwestern Turkey: Population Fluctuation And Damage On Different Host Plants, Bi̇lgi̇ Pehlevan, Orkun Bariş Kovanci

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study reports the presence of the summer fruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana, in pome and stone fruit orchards for the first time in northwestern Turkey. Based on growers’ complaints about cosmetic damage to peach and pear fruits, pheromone traps were set up in mid-April of 2009 and 2010 to monitor the occurrence of the summer fruit tortrix moth. We conducted studies in conventional apple, pear, peach, and sweet cherry orchards in Bursa, northwestern Turkey. Moths caught in pheromone traps showed a trimodal flight pattern in all orchards. However, both moth emergence time and total flight period varied among host …

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Germination And Electrical Conductivity Tests On Artificially Aged Seed Lots Of 2 Wall-Rocket Species, Simona-Laura Lazar, Sara Mira, Doru Pamfil, Juan Bautista Martinez-Laborde Jan 2014

Germination And Electrical Conductivity Tests On Artificially Aged Seed Lots Of 2 Wall-Rocket Species, Simona-Laura Lazar, Sara Mira, Doru Pamfil, Juan Bautista Martinez-Laborde

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to determine whether the loss of germinability and vigour in wall-rocket seed lots was related to electrolyte leakage. Ten seed lots of 2 wall-rocket species (9 of Diplotaxis tenuifolia and one of D. erucoides (Brassicaceae)) were stored at 45 °C and 70% relative humidity and electrolyte leakage was measured using the conductivity test. Small differences in longevity were found among species or seed lots, suggesting that a similar relative longevity might be expected within the genus Diplotaxis after artificial ageing, and that it will be above the average of that found in other species …

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Occurrence Of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated With Grapevine Dieback In Algeria, Faiza Ammad, Messaoud Benchabane, Mohamed Toumi, Nesrine Belkacem, Amel Guesmi, Cherif Ameur, Pascal Lecomte, Othmane Merah Jan 2014

Occurrence Of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Associated With Grapevine Dieback In Algeria, Faiza Ammad, Messaoud Benchabane, Mohamed Toumi, Nesrine Belkacem, Amel Guesmi, Cherif Ameur, Pascal Lecomte, Othmane Merah

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Grapevine dieback is an increasing problem in grape vineyards in Algeria. We conducted field surveys each spring between 2006 and 2012 to determine the fungal pathogens associated with grapevine decline in various grape-growing regions. We isolated and identified 3 species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, and Neofusicoccum parvum) from infected wood using a combination of morphological and cultural characters, as well as phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and fruiting body. We identified 20 isolates of Diplodia seriata, 13 isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, and 7 isolates of Neofusicoccum parvum. Inoculation of grapevine plantlets with the …

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Hybrid Performance And Heterosis In F1 Offspring Of Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.), Mustafa Yildirim, Hasan Gezgi̇nç, Ali̇ Haydar Paksoy Jan 2014

Hybrid Performance And Heterosis In F1 Offspring Of Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.), Mustafa Yildirim, Hasan Gezgi̇nç, Ali̇ Haydar Paksoy

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the combined ability effects and heterosis were determined for number of days to anthesis (AT), plant height (PH), fertile tillers plant^{–1} (FT), spike length (SL), spikelets spike–1 (SS) and grains spike–1 (GS), 1000-kernel weight (TW), and grain yield plant^{–1} (GY) of 4 triticale genotypes [Karma (G1), Presto (G2), Ayşehanım (G3), and Mehmetbey (G4)] and their 6 F_1 offspring. The mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were statistically significant for all traits. According to the GCA/SCA, additive gene effects were found for all traits. According to the desired values for traits on …

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Postharvest Performance Of Cut Marigold, Rose, And Sunflower Stems As Influenced By Homemade And Commercial Floral Preservatives, Iftikhar Ahmad, John Martin Dole Jan 2014

Postharvest Performance Of Cut Marigold, Rose, And Sunflower Stems As Influenced By Homemade And Commercial Floral Preservatives, Iftikhar Ahmad, John Martin Dole

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Effects of homemade or commercial floral preservatives, applied as 48-h grower treatments or continuous retailer/consumer applications, were studied on cut Double Eagle marigold, Red Bentley rose, and Sunbright sunflower. Cut stems of marigold placed in preservative solutions, irrespective of the duration, had a longer vase life than stems in tap water. Continuous use of soda (7 Up) or citric-Kathon and short-term use of citric-Al resulted in the longest extension of vase life. Cut stems of rose had the longest vase life when pulsed with citric-Kathon for 48 h or continuously placed in citric-Al until termination. For sunflower, use of citric-Kathon …

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Application Of A Multicriteria Decision-Making Approach For Rice Land Suitability Analysis In Turkey, İsmai̇l Sezer, Orhan Dengi̇z Jan 2014

Application Of A Multicriteria Decision-Making Approach For Rice Land Suitability Analysis In Turkey, İsmai̇l Sezer, Orhan Dengi̇z

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The main objective of this study was to implement a spatial model with a multicriteria assessment approach for rice (Oryza sativa L.) land suitability by using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The land mapping units resulting from the overlay of the selected theme layers had unique land quality information on which land suitability was based. The selected theme layers of rice include topographic factor (slope), soil physical factors (soil depth, soil texture, drainage, stoniness, hydraulic conductivity), and soil chemical factors (pH, electrical conductivity, CaCO_3, soil fertility). These theme layers were collected from existing information. Spatial information of soil physical and …

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Cover And Contents Jan 2014

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

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Comparison Of Life Experiences Of Men And Women In The Sciences, Tori Nicole Quist Jan 2014

Comparison Of Life Experiences Of Men And Women In The Sciences, Tori Nicole Quist

Honors Program Theses

A lack of sense of belonging and stereotype threat have been shown to contribute to women leaving the sciences (Seymour, 1997; Beasley & Fischer, 2012; Deemer et al., 2013). Contributing to this is the fact that most women find affirmation externally (through friends, family and professors) for their life decisions (Seymour, 1997; Zeldin, 2000). A set of comparative studies in 2000 and 2008 were done examining factors affecting women’s and men’s choices of majors and careers (Zeldin, 2000 and Zeldin, 2008). These studies concluded that men relied on achievements in science as the source of their career decisions to enter …

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Writing To The Edge: Motivating Reluctant Rural Adolescent Male Learners, Marcia Scott Wright Jan 2014

Writing To The Edge: Motivating Reluctant Rural Adolescent Male Learners, Marcia Scott Wright

Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects (Full IR Collection)

High levels of motivation contribute to significant learning for high school English students in rural school settings. The current qualitative study examined the attitudes surrounding the motivation of six rural high school students and their teachers. These students had been identified as reluctant learners and placed in a remedial writing class during their ninth grade year. The students, two 12th graders and four 10th graders, discussed their perceptions of the motivational practices used by their English teachers and other teachers, revealing what they did and did not find to be personally motivational in the classroom. This study also investigated the …

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A Study Of Induction Pyrolysis Of Lignicellulosic Biomass For The Production Of Bio-Oil, Charles Edward Henkel Jan 2014

A Study Of Induction Pyrolysis Of Lignicellulosic Biomass For The Production Of Bio-Oil, Charles Edward Henkel

LSU Master's Theses

The increasing demand for energy coupled with a growing concern that the combustion of fossil fuels has on the environment, through the production of greenhouse gases, has created a demand for renewable energy sources. The demand for renewable energy, particularly liquid transportation fuels, can be met in part by the use of biomass based liquid fuels. There are several methods that can be used to produce biomass based fuels, but only thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis) can readily convert lignocellulosic biomass into a fuel-like liquid, bio-oil. The pyrolytic conditions for obtaining maximum liquid yields vary, but many of the criteria can be …

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Precarious Positions: Toward A Theory And Analysis Of Rhetorical Vulnerability, David Riche Jan 2014

Precarious Positions: Toward A Theory And Analysis Of Rhetorical Vulnerability, David Riche

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this project, I develop a framework for treating rhetoric as a system for managing vulnerabilities to and through discourse. I contend that, through rhetoric, we are all put into a fundamentally precarious position, an unavoidable state of exposure to material, social, institutional, and rhetorical forces that work to condition us as both agents and audiences. Rhetoric is not simply something we use; it is also something that we respond to, something to which we are continuously exposed, whether we like it or not. There is, in other words, a necessary concern for vulnerability at the heart of rhetorical theory …

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Silver Nanoparticle Oligonucleotide Conjugate For Targeted Gene Silencing, Alyson Nanette Moll Jan 2014

Silver Nanoparticle Oligonucleotide Conjugate For Targeted Gene Silencing, Alyson Nanette Moll

LSU Master's Theses

This project explored a gene-regulated chemotherapy using a silver nanoparticle (SNP) conjugated with deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) oligonucleotides which target a mutated gene in select cancer cells, sensitize them to doxorubicin treatment. Light exposure to the SNP-DNAzyme conjugates disengages the oligonucleotides and permits specific cleavage of the Kirsten Rat Sarcomal Oncogene Homolog (K-RAS) mRNA. These conjugates could provide spatiotemporal specificity in killing only those photoexposed cells with the mutant gene. Synthesis, functionalization and characterization of citrate and hydroxypropyl cellulose SNP conjugates confirmed attachment and photolytic release of the thiol-modified 10-23 DNAzyme. Gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate DNAzyme photoactivation, showing greater K-RAS …

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The (In)Visible Road Map: The Role Of Mentoring For First-Generation Black Female Doctoral Students At Predominantly White Institutions, Takea Vickers Jan 2014

The (In)Visible Road Map: The Role Of Mentoring For First-Generation Black Female Doctoral Students At Predominantly White Institutions, Takea Vickers

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Although women’s status in higher education has vastly improved over the past decades, invisible barriers remain that disenfranchise first-generation Black female doctoral students at predominantly White institutions (PWI). Specifically, the sparse literature base constricts existing knowledge and understanding about the mentoring relationships of first-generation Black female doctoral students and the barriers they face in the academy. Using the theoretical framework of intersectionality, this study sought to address the ways in which first-generation Black female doctoral students navigated the academy through mentorship and the ways in which mentoring relationships were formidable to construct. Five first-generational Black female doctoral students and two …

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Sense Of Place, Place Attachment, And Rootedness In Four West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana Bars, John Winsor Mcewen Jan 2014

Sense Of Place, Place Attachment, And Rootedness In Four West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana Bars, John Winsor Mcewen

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation explores place and the relationships that people have with place: sense of place, place attachment, and rootedness. These three concepts have each been researched and discussed on their own in journal articles, books, and book chapters, but the terms rarely appear in the same sentence let alone the same research article. In the United States, places of drink are historically linked to community and social interactions, and such establishments often possess a solid core of loyal patrons for whom going to their bar is a natural and routine part of their daily and weekly life. This research brings …

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Three Readings Of The Eternal Return, Michael James Maclaggan Jan 2014

Three Readings Of The Eternal Return, Michael James Maclaggan

LSU Master's Theses

I argue that Deleuze’s “onto-ethical” reading of Nietzsche’s doctrine of the eternal return of difference in Nietzsche and Philosophy (1962) is necessarily the correct reading. The doctrine of recurrence basically says that flux or change is our “at base” perceptual experience. From the philosophical and actual position of chaos, our lived experience is of percepts repeating mutable patterns. Deleuze’s insight (1962): the lived experience of change re-produces, from madness, a decision-making principle, namely, the principle of the return of difference. Simply stated, the principle of difference is the endogenous rule for discerning percepts as change. Habitual change is the only …

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Danger Shelter Opportunity: The Coastal Fortifications Of Nineteenth Century Louisiana, James F. Osborne, Iv Jan 2014

Danger Shelter Opportunity: The Coastal Fortifications Of Nineteenth Century Louisiana, James F. Osborne, Iv

LSU Master's Theses

This document seeks to establish a contemporary record of the nineteenth-century masonry fortifications of the Third System whose continued existence in Southeastern Louisiana is in peril. Designed and implemented in the years following the invasion of Washington, D.C. during the War of 1812 by Napoleon Bonaparte’s chief engineer, Louisiana’s coastal forts represent the pinnacle of European, pre-modern-warfare military architecture. With their obsolescence secured by advances in technology in the mid to late nineteenth century, each was abandoned or decommissioned following the American Civil War. These historic constructed spaces that are each uniquely adapted to the land they occupy have never …

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The New Orleans Murder Epidemic: Emmanuel Levinas And Jacques Derrida On The Irresponsibility Of Violence, Jacqueline Nicole Zimmer Jan 2014

The New Orleans Murder Epidemic: Emmanuel Levinas And Jacques Derrida On The Irresponsibility Of Violence, Jacqueline Nicole Zimmer

LSU Master's Theses

Corruption, unfettered violence, and racist enforcement tactics have historically defined the operations of the New Orleans Police Department, and consequently, many New Orleanians do not expect to be helped or protected by law enforcement or the justice system. The breakdown of society’s civil code explains why many New Orleans citizens have normalized the use of coercive violence to solve interpersonal disputes instead of relying on legitimate policing methods to maintain social order. In the past year, the city of New Orleans has implemented criminologist David Kennedy’s Group Violence Reduction Strategy (GVRS), which aims to decrease the city’s historically high murder …

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Animal Scavenging On Human Skeletal Remains In The Southwest United States: A Preliminary Model, Maximilian Hiram Cantu Jan 2014

Animal Scavenging On Human Skeletal Remains In The Southwest United States: A Preliminary Model, Maximilian Hiram Cantu

LSU Master's Theses

Animal scavenging is a major taphonomic process responsible for damage to bone and alternations to postmortem interval estimates. Despite the significant implications animals can have on altering forensics cases, extensive research on animal scavenging has yet to be done. The most notable research on animal scavenging comes from Haglund . Haglund’s extensive research in the Pacific Northwest led him to create a model for the sequence in which animals scavenge and disarticulate a human body after death. The major goal of my research was to apply Haglund’s model to 60 southern Arizona cases in order to see if animals scavenge …

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An Analysis Of Osteoarthritis Of The Upper Limbs In The Tchefuncte Site (16st1), Mallory Baldridge Jan 2014

An Analysis Of Osteoarthritis Of The Upper Limbs In The Tchefuncte Site (16st1), Mallory Baldridge

LSU Master's Theses

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder of the synovial joints which is frequently linked to activity and age, as well as numerous other etiologies. In particular, osteoarthritis of the shoulder is often shown to correlate with age, while osteoarthritis of the elbow is often shown to correlate with physical activity. The presence and pattern of osteoarthritis has been investigated in numerous Native American populations, but to date, its presence has not been investigated in the skeletal collection from the Tchefuncte site (16ST1), a Tchula Period shell midden site in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. Osteoarthritis of the upper limbs is examined in …

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Iron Removal Using Electro- Coagulation Followed By Floating Bead Bed Filtration, Asmita Anil Phadke Jan 2014

Iron Removal Using Electro- Coagulation Followed By Floating Bead Bed Filtration, Asmita Anil Phadke

LSU Master's Theses

High iron concentrations in the water used for aquaculture results in stock losses. It is necessary to drop down the iron concentrations to levels which can be handled by the fish. Electrocoagulation followed by floating bead bed filtration was used to remove iron from water. Electrocoagulation was carried out using aluminum electrodes. The flocs formed in the coagulation tank were then filtered out using 2-3 mm polyethylene floating beads having specific gravity of 0.92 gm/cm3. Proper retention time of ≥ 10 min, pH of 6±0.2, Al3+ coagulant dosage of about 9 mg-Al3+/ L and flow rate ≤ 0.4 gpm resulted …

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You Are Set Free, Jennifer Leigh Mitchell Jan 2014

You Are Set Free, Jennifer Leigh Mitchell

LSU Master's Theses

You Are Set Free is a four-movement orchestra work depicting the story of the disabled woman in Luke 13. The first movement is a picture of her inner conflict of hope and hopelessness she had as a disabled person during the time of Jesus. Her hope is represented in tonal melodies, while her hopelessness is represented in harsh harmonies. In the next movement, the woman’s inner conflict continues. Hopelessness is represented by a twelve-tone row and hope is represented by a tonal melody drawn from movement one. The third movement encompasses the meeting of Jesus and the woman. Jesus is …

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Effects Of Iron On Cercospora Leaf Blight Of Soybean, Eduardo Chagas Ferreira Da Silva Jan 2014

Effects Of Iron On Cercospora Leaf Blight Of Soybean, Eduardo Chagas Ferreira Da Silva

LSU Master's Theses

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) of soybean caused by Cercospora kikuchii is an important disease in Lousiana. Preliminary screening of foliar applications of the micronutrients Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo and Al, showed that Fe decreased CLB severity consistently. The objective of this work was to test the effects of commercial formulations of Fe, Manny Plex Fe and Fe EDTA (Brandt Consolidated, Springfield, IL) on leaf colonization by C. kikuchii, symptom development (blight and purple leaves), and yield. Four rates of Manny Plex Fe and four rates of Fe EDTA were applied to field plots at R5 growth stage. Leaf …

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Evaluation Of Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Clayey Soils Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging Technique, Golam Kibria Jan 2014

Evaluation Of Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Clayey Soils Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging Technique, Golam Kibria

Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Resistivity imaging (RI) is a promising approach to obtaining continuous profile of soil subsurface. This method offers simple technique to identify moisture variation and heterogeneity of the investigated area. However, at present, only qualitative information of subsurface can be obtained using RI. A study on the quantification of geotechnical properties has become important for rigorous use of this method in the evaluation of geohazard potential and construction quality control of landfill liner system. Several studies have been performed to describe electrical resistivity of soil as a function of pore fluid conductivity and surface conductance. However, characterization tests on pore water …

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Conducting Elgar's Wand Of Youth Suites : Programming Possibilities And Perspectives On Performance, Vaughn Aristides Cardona Jan 2014

Conducting Elgar's Wand Of Youth Suites : Programming Possibilities And Perspectives On Performance, Vaughn Aristides Cardona

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this monograph is to provide a performer’s guide and conductor’s analysis for both of Sir Edward Elgar’s suites op. 1a and 1b, titled The Wand of Youth: Music to a Child’s Play. Sources for this work draw from the extensive scholarly writings on Elgar’s biography, compositional practice, and recordings, as well as from sources discussing issues of conducting analysis, gesture, and concert programming. As common techniques in formal and harmonic analysis are a standard component of performance guides, this work also includes commentary to that effect. The first section of this work briefly situates the composition of …

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Concert Recording 2014-04-10, Hyeon Min Jang, Sarah Busch, Olga Greenhut Jan 2014

Concert Recording 2014-04-10, Hyeon Min Jang, Sarah Busch, Olga Greenhut

Concert Recordings & Programs

Suite Antique / John Rutter -- Ballade / Frank Martin ; I know why the caged bird sings / Sara Busch ; text by Maya Angelou -- Sonata / Eric Ewazen -- Mei / Kazuo Fukushima -- Sonata / Walter Gieseking

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Population Genetic And Hybridization Studies Of Three Bornean Bird Species: Mountain Black-Eye (Chlorocharis Emiliae), White-Rumped Shama (Copsychus Malabaricus), And Oriental Magpie-Robin (Copsychus Saularis), Dency Flenny Anak Augustine Gawin Gawin Jan 2014

Population Genetic And Hybridization Studies Of Three Bornean Bird Species: Mountain Black-Eye (Chlorocharis Emiliae), White-Rumped Shama (Copsychus Malabaricus), And Oriental Magpie-Robin (Copsychus Saularis), Dency Flenny Anak Augustine Gawin Gawin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Mountain Black-eye (Chlorocharis emiliae), Oriental Magpie-Robin (Copsychus saularis) and White-rumped Shama (C. malabaricus) are Bornean passerines with different population dynamics. To determine the effect of these differences on their population structures, I examined mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters of populations within each species in Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia. Chlorocharis is a white-eye (Zosteropidae), endemic to Borneo, with a unique “sky island” distribution. Molecular and previously obtained morphological data support its traditional division into at least three subspecies. An unexpected result of my comparisons was a marked genetic subdivision between its Sabah and Sarawak populations. C. malabaricus and C. saularis …

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Development Of Visible Light-Promoted Photocatalytic O-Glycosylation, C-H Activation Of Alkanes And Deoxygenation Of N-(Mesyloxy) Amides, Xiaoping Wang Jan 2014

Development Of Visible Light-Promoted Photocatalytic O-Glycosylation, C-H Activation Of Alkanes And Deoxygenation Of N-(Mesyloxy) Amides, Xiaoping Wang

LSU Master's Theses

This thesis is divided into four chapters reporting various aspects of the background of studies and the preliminary results I obtained in three projects. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction to the concepts of photoredox catalysis, O-glycosylation, C-H functionalization and amidyl radicals. Chapter 2 describes the development of a visible light-promoted O-glycosylation catalyzed by Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 or diphenyldiselenide under mild conditions. The glycosylation of primary and secondary alcohols with selenoglycosides was demonstrated with good yields, and disaccharides were constructed by coupling of the selenoglycosides in acetonitrile or dichloromethane with a glucosyl acceptor in moderate yields. The reactions catalyzed by Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 were …

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The Spatial-Temporal Prediction Of Various Crime Types In Houston, Tx Based On Hot-Spot Techniques, Shuzhan Fan Jan 2014

The Spatial-Temporal Prediction Of Various Crime Types In Houston, Tx Based On Hot-Spot Techniques, Shuzhan Fan

LSU Master's Theses

A series of hotspot mapping theories and methods have been proposed to predict where and when a crime will happen. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. In addition, the predictive accuracy of each hotspot method varies depending on the study area, crime type, parameter settings of each method, etc. The predictive accuracy of hotspot methods can be quantified by three measures, which include the hit rate, the predictive accuracy index (PAI), and the recapture rate index (RRI). This thesis research applied eight hotspot mapping techniques from the crime analysis field to predict crime hotspot patterns. In addition, these hotspot …

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Measurement Of Working, Reflected, And Detrimental Active Power In A Three Phase System, Tracy Toups Jan 2014

Measurement Of Working, Reflected, And Detrimental Active Power In A Three Phase System, Tracy Toups

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Study of the decomposition of the active power into composite components with respects to power industry economics namely, working active power, reflected active power, and detrimental active power. The working active energy is considered the permanent flow of useful energy to the load that results in deliberate heat, lighting, or torque on the motor shaft. The reflected active energy is the extra component of active energy originating from the load and dissipates on the supply impedance that does not contribute to useful energy. Lastly, detrimental active energy is the flow of harmonic energy from the supply to the load due …

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