Digital Commons Network^™

Sue And Settle: Demonizing The Environmental Citizen Suit, Stephen M. Johnson

Seattle University Law Review

In the spring of 2013, industry groups and states began a concerted lobbying effort to oppose citizen enforcement of the federal environmental laws. The United States Chamber of Commerce and lobbyists for states created a catch-phrase—“sue and settle”—to demonize citizen enforcement and the federal government’s practice of settling lawsuits it is destined to lose in court. The Chamber alleged that the federal government, by settling lawsuits brought by citizens groups rather than defending them in court, was colluding with those non-governmental organizations and excluding other affected parties to reallocate the agencies’ priorities and obligations. Federal environmental laws establish a central …

Collective Voices: Engagement Of Hartford Community Residents Through Participatory Action Research, Kenneth M. Williamson, Karen Brown

The Qualitative Report

The article details a Participatory Action Research (PAR) Project that partnered Latino and African and Caribbean American residents with research educators from the Institute for Community Research in Hartford, CT. PAR has been used to engage marginalized people in the process of knowledge production and take action to change the oppressive structures affecting them. Project participants worked together to design research projects on economic opportunities and trainings for Spanish speaking residents, the social, environmental and physical conditions of neighborhoods, and the educational outcomes for Hartford schoolchildren; together they conducted research, analyzed and disseminated the results, and planned and implemented action …

A Comparison Of The Who 2004 And 2010 Classification Systems In Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Pancreatic Net), James P. Casey, Md, Aakanksha Asija, Md, Anthony J. Prestipino, M.D., Jocelyn A. Sendecki, Md, Jonathan Brody, Md, Harish Lavu, Md, Jordan M. Winter, Md, Charles Yeo, Md, Ashwin R. Sama, Md, Madhaven V. Pillai, Md

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Pancreatic NETs are rare tumors with multiple classification systems. Previous classification systems included tumor size, histologic grade, mitoses, Ki67, and metastases. The current WHO 2010 system utilizes mitotic rate and Ki67% to assign a grade. We compared the WHO 2004 and 2010 classification systems in predicting mortality and metastasis.

Pathologic parameters were used to classify 50 cases of Pancreatic NET according to the WHO 2004 and WHO 2010 systems. The relationship between the WHO 2004 and WHO 2010 grading was investigated using an exact Chi squared test. WHO grade categorization was next explored by vital status, by the exact method, …

Macroinvertebrate Prey Availability And Food Web Dynamics Of Nonnative Trout In A Colorado River Tributary, Grand Canyon, Daniel P. Whiting, Craig P. Paukert, Brian D. Healy, Jonathan Spurgeon

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Nonnative fishes have been linked to the decline of native fishes and may affect aquatic food webs through direct and indirect pathways. These concerns have led to efforts to remove nonnative Brown and Rainbow Trout, which are abundant in tributaries of the Colorado River, to enhance native fish communities. We sampled fish, benthic, and drifting macroinvertebrates in November 2010, January 2011, June 2011, and September 2011 to assess resource availability and to evaluate the effects of nonnative Brown and Rainbow Trout in a tributary of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. We evaluated trout diets from stomach samples collected …

Troublesome Reflection: Racism As The Blind Spot In The Scientific Critique Of Race, Charles C. Roseman

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

Review of A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History, by Nicholas Wade. New York: Penguin Press, 2013. x + 278 pp. 978-1-5942-0446-3 (hardcover). US $27.95.

Influence Of Seductive Details, Belief-Congruence, And Repeated Testing On Memory For Controversial Information, Daniel Adam Nuccio

Theses and Dissertations

People often encounter conflicting information on a wide array of topics. How they evaluate this information in relation to their current beliefs, and the effects of other influences, such as the weight given to superficial aspects of the information (e.g. pictures, anecdotes, or jargon that are at most minimally related to an author's argument), has been of interest to researchers for many years. One component of their processing

and evaluation of this information is their memory for the information. This study set out to examine the following questions: (1) Is belief-congruent in

formation remembered better or worse than belief incongruent …

Mixed Ligand Complexes Of Quinoline-2-Carboxylic Acid And 4,4/-Dimethyl-2,2/-Bipyridyl With V(Iv),Cr(Iii), Rh(Iii), Cd(Ii) And Pt(Iv), Mahasin F. Alias, Sahar I. Omran

Baghdad Science Journal

A new mixed ligand complexes were prepared by reaction of quinoline -2-carboxylic acid (L1) and 4,4dimethyl-2,2?-bipyridyl (L2) with V(IV),Cr(III), Rh(III), Cd(II) and Pt(IV) ions. These complexes were isolated and characterized by (FT-IR) and (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, flame atomic absorption technique, thermogravimetric analysis, in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Most complexes were mononuclear and with octahedral geometry, except Cd (II) with tetrahedral geometry, and V (IV) with square pyramidal geometry. A theoretical treatment of the ligands and the prepared complexes in gas phase was done using two programs Hyperchem.8 and Gaussian program (GaussView Currently Available Versions (5.0.9) along …

Study The Role Of Auxins And Sytoknins On In Vitro Propagation Of Spilanthes Acmella (L.) Murr, Bushra M.Jaber Alwash, Ansaam Z. Jassim

Baghdad Science Journal

The technique of plant tissue culture has been used to In vitro micropropagation of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant not cultivated in Iraq. Seeds were sterilized and cultuared on full strength Murashige and Skoog medium(1962)(MS). Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6- furfuryl aminopurine (Kin.) growth regulators were used at the Initiation stage.The combination between IAA and Kin. was used in multiplication stage. IAA was used for rooting the shoots. Results showed that 1.5% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min was very effective for disinfecting and survival. Nodes exhibited relatively highest response as compared with apical meristems …

Epidemiological Study Of Keratinophilic Fungi In Baghdad Swimming Pools, Teeba H. Mohammad, Khaled A. Habeb

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study was included the isolation of Keratinophilic fungi from water samples taken from 19 indoor public swimming pools in Baghdad during four season (summer ,fall ,spring ,and winter). Isolation period was September 2011and September 2012 . Samples were collected from different places in swimming pool . Sixteen keratinophilic fungal species, belonging to twenty –one genera were isolated using Surface Dilution Plating (SDP) and Hair Bait Technique (HBT) . Aspergillus genus was the most frequent and occurrence (19.84%), followed by Trichophyton (11.60%) and Fusarium (7.59% ) . The most common fungal infection occurred in summer season (42.16%) , and …

An Environmental Study Of Epiphytic Algae On Ceratophyllum Demersum In Tigris River Within Baghdad City, Iraq, Jinnan S. Al Hassany, Fikrat M. Hassan, Rawaa N. Gitan

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study was conducted in the Tigris River within Baghdad (University of Baghdad campus). The study included some physicochemical parameters and qualitative of epiphytic algae on the host plant (Ceratophyllum demersum) during summer season 2013. The results revealed that the study area was alkaline, hard and oxygenated water. A total of 105 taxa of epiphytic algae was identified. Bacillariophyceae diatoms composed 44.7% of the total and were represented by 42.4% of the order Pennales and 1.9 %of the order Centrales. Chlorophyceae composed 32.3%, followed by Cyanophyceae composed 22.8 % of the total. The total number of epiphytic algae was …

Detection Of Raf Fusion Transcripts In Ffpe Samples Of Medullablastoma And Ependymom In Iraqi Children With Rt-Rqpcr Assays, Luma H. A. Al Obaidy, Nada A. Al Anssary, Nahi Y. Al Rekabi, Haider L Mohammed, Khalid A. Tobal

Baghdad Science Journal

Medulloblastomas and ependymomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in children. However genetic abnormalities associated with their development and prognosis remain unclear. Recently two gene fusions, KIAA1549–BRAF and SRGAP3–RAF1 have been detected in a number of brain tumours. We report here our development and validation of RT-RQPCR assays to detect various isoforms of these two fusion genes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of medulloblastoma and ependymoma. We examined these fusion genes in 44 paediatric brain tumours, 33 medulloblastomas and 11 ependymomas. We detected both fusion transcripts in 8/33, 5/33 SRGAP3 ex10/RAF1 ex10, and 3/33 KIAA1549 ex16/BRAF ex9, …

Effect Of Aspirin Drug In Liver Tissue Of Swiss White Mice Mus Musculus, Zainab K. Al-Timimi

Baghdad Science Journal

This study was designed to identify the extent of the effect of drug Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on histological structure of liver in Swiss albino mice Mus musculus.(16) mice were used and divided into two groups. The first groupwas orally treated with )0.5ml(of aspirinat concentration of (50 mcg / kg) and the second group was considered as control group Treated with distiled water lasted for 30 days. Treatment with Aspirin led to the occurrence of histopathological cases included liver necrosis ,cellular infilitration, congestion in central vein and a case of Hemorrhage. The results also showed the absence of radial arrangement of …

The Immunological Effectiveness Of Some Common Plants, Anwar I. S. Al-Assaf, Zahraa H. M. Kadri

Baghdad Science Journal

Three plant species were picked randomly and their alcoholic extracts have been screened to know their effects on the phagocytic capability and intracellular killing of yeast by human peripheral macrophages. Macrophage cultures were incubated with different concentration of each plant extract: for 15 min., 30 min .and 45 min. The phagocytes activity in Iresine herbstii extract was significantly (p≤0.05) increased with increasing dose and time of incubation. In Mentha piperita extract, increasing in dose and time of incubation leads to elevate phagocytic capbility, especially in the dose of 20% and 25% of plant extract, perhaps because the antimicrobial and antiviral …

An Environmental Study On Phytoplankton (Diatoms) In Al-Yusifiya River, Iraq, Adel H. Talib, Fikrat M. Hassan, Wessal A. Sadoon

Baghdad Science Journal

An environmental study conducted on diatoms in Al Yusifiya river beyond its branching from Euphrates river. Four sites were selected along the river for the period from march 2013 to September 2013. The present study involved the measurement of physicochemical parameters, also the qualitative and quantities of diatoms. The studied parameters values ranged as follows: 19-44Cº and 16-30 Cº for air and water temperature respectively, 6.9-8.7, 595-1248 µS/cm, 6.4-8.0 mg/l for pH, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen respectively. A total of 74 taxa were recorded for diatoms, where the pinnate diatom was the predominant and recorded 64 taxa while 10 …

Effect Of Alcoholic Catechin Extract On Hyperglycemia,Hyperlipidemia And Liver Functions In Alloxan Diabetic Mice, Kadhim K. Ghudhaib

Baghdad Science Journal

The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the hydro-ethanolic catechin extract toward blood glucose, lipid profile and liver functions in alloxan diabetic mice. 50 healthy mice (25-30 g) were divided into five groups of ten animals for each. Group A received normal saline as normal control group. To induce diabetes, alloxan (150 mg/kg), intraperitoneal (i.p.) single dose was injected to groups B, C, D and E. Group B represents diabetic control group. Groups C, D and E received ethanolic catechin extract (30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) for different periods of 1, 2 and 3 weeks as …

Checklist Of Aquatic Oligochaetes Species In Tigris–Euphrates River Basin, Haifa J. Jaweir

Baghdad Science Journal

A total of 60 species of aquatic oligochaetes were identified in different sites within Tigris-Euphrates basin / Iraq, including River Tigris, River Euphrates, Southern marshes ( Al-Haweiza , Al-Hammar and Al-Chebaiesh ) , Shutt Al-Germa, and Shatt Al-Arab. In River Euphrates 39 species were identified, 40 species from River Tigris and 32 species from Shatt-Al-Arab and southern marshes.The identified species were classified as four species of Family Aeolosomatidae, 54 species of Naididae ( 31 Naidinae , 8 Pristininae and 15 Tubificid worms), one species of each of Lumbriculidae ( Lumbriculus variegates) and Lumbricidae ( Eiseiella tetraedra). Among Aeolosomatidae , Aelosoma …

Qualitative And Quantitative Study Of Epipelic Algae In Tigris River Within Baghdad City, Iraq, Fikrat M. Hassan, Saja H. Al-Bdulameer

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study conducted to study epipelic algae in the Tigris River within Baghdad city for one year from September 2011 to August 2012 due to the importance role of benthic algae in lotic ecosystems. Five sites have been chosen along the river. A total of 154 species of epipelic algae was recorded belongs to 45 genera, where Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms) was the dominant groups followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The numbers of common types in three sites were 47 species. Bacillariophyceae accounted 88.31% of the total number of epipelic algae, followed by Cyanophyceae 7.14 % and Chlorophyceae 4.55%. A 85 …

The Aqueous Crude Extract Of Carrot Seeds ( Daucus Carota L.) And It Role In Fertility Of Male Albino Mice, Roaa M Al-Saadi, Sabah A.R Al-Obaidi, Waleed H Yousif

Baghdad Science Journal

This study was designed to test the effect of the treatment with aqueous extract of carrot seeds( Daucus carota) onfertility of male albino mice by effected on Body weight,testis weight ,secondary sex organs (prostate , seminal vesicle) and sperms properties .This experiment used (24) albino male mice aged(8-10)weeks. these animals were randomly divided into three groups contain two doses (200,400mg\kg) were used from both extracts ,they were daily and orally given for (35)days ,and control group was given physiological saline. After the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed after taken their body weights. The results were show: 1. …

Response Of Green Lacewing Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) To Various Densities Of Ephestia Cautella (Walk)Eggs, Bassim Sh Hamad, Sahar A. Kathiar, Ahmed M. Abdullatif, Ahmed G. Abed

Baghdad Science Journal

Results of exposure larvae of the most important predator in the integrated pest management , the green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to various densities of fig moth Ephestia cautella eggs showed increasing in the number of consumed prey at decreasing rate of increasing prey density where curve slope consumption decreased gradually until leveling off. These specifications concurred with type II functional response that predators appear towards varied densities of its preys ,that was confirm by logistic regression between the proportion of prey eaten in relation to prey offered . Third larval instars of the predator showed attack rate (a) of …

Heat Shock Protein70 As Biomarker In Bladder Cancer, Amnan. Jassem, Hind M. Mousa, Munther J. Hussain

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study aimed to shed light on the urine HSP70 concentration of patients with urinary bladder carcinoma UBC and control subjects as new urinary biomarker. The second aim was to associate this protein concentration with UBC stage and grade in patients with UBC. A direct ELISA was used to quantify urine HSP concentrations in 58 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma UBC with different grades (G) and stages (T) all malignant of them was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) type , 15 from patients with urinary Bladder disorders other than cancer UBD and 15 healthy subjects(control) . Urine concentrations of HSP70 …

Study Abo / Rh Systems With Il-18 & Il-33 In Iraqipatients With Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii, Asmaa M. Salih, Isam N Salman, Zainab Khudhair, Rafid Abdulwahid

Baghdad Science Journal

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorder disease. The inflammatory markers act as a new risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes with a possible association with ABO/Rh blood groups. Human ABO genes are located on chromosome 9q34.1-q34.2.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL) -18 and IL-33 in type 2DM and ABO blood groups.Sixty four patients with newly diagnosed type2 DM and control group consist of twenty healthy Iraqi individual. Laboratory test were include ABO blood groups using standard serological procedures and detection IL-18 and IL-33in …

Seasonal Study For Habitat Of Myriophyllum Spicatum L. In Al-Burgga Marsh, Hor Al-Hammar, Southern Iraq, Mohammed A. H. Al-Kenzawi

Baghdad Science Journal

Myriophyllum spicatum distribution in Al-Burgga marsh, Hor Al-Hammar was described in relation to some of the physical-chemical properties for its habitat (water depth, light penetration, water temperature, water salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, Ca+2, Mg+2, reactive NO2=, reactive NO3-1, and reactive PO4-3) during 2011, seasonally. CANOCO ordination program (CCA) was used to analyse the data. Its vegetation cover percentage was with its peak at summer, its value was 90 %, while the lowest value was 20 % in winter. Statistically, Positive relationships for WT, sal., Ca+2, Mg+2, reactive NO2=, reactive NO3-1, and reactive PO4-3 with the vegetation cover percentage were observed. …

Lettuce Leaves As Biosorbent Material To Remove Heavy Metal Ions From Industerial Wastewater, Sufyan M. Shartooh, Sedik A. Kasim, Rafid H. Obaid, Ahmed A. Hadi, Ahmed A. Abdulmajeed

Baghdad Science Journal

The current study was designed to remove Lead, Copper and Zinc from industrial wastewater using Lettuce leaves (Lactuca sativa) within three forms (fresh, dried and powdered) under some environmental factors such as pH, temperature and contact time. Current data show that Lettuce leaves are capable of removing Lead, Copper and Zinc ions at significant capacity. Furthermore, the powder of Lettuce leaves had highest capability in removing all metal ions. The highest capacity was for Lead then Copper and finally Zinc. However, some examined factors were found to have significant impacts upon bioremoval capacity of studied ions, where best biosorption capacity …

Determination Of Copper And Lead And Study Their Poisonous Effects In Drinking Water In Baghdad, Thkra A. Hassen

Baghdad Science Journal

The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of copper and lead (mg/L) in drinking water by using absorption spectrophotometic and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric method from different area in Baghdad and with different intervals , The results show that the concentration of copper and Lead ( mg\L) in tap water which remains motionless in plumbing system for following periods one hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 7 days and 14 days are (1 , 2.2 , 4 , 5.3 , 7.5 , 10 and 16 mg\L copper ) & ( 0.3, 0.5 , 0.8 , …

Deriving The Composite Simpson Rule By Using Bernstein Polynomials For Solving Volterra Integral Equations, Jenan Ahmad Al-A'Asam

Baghdad Science Journal

In this paper we use Bernstein polynomials for deriving the modified Simpson's 3/8 , and the composite modified Simpson's 3/8 to solve one dimensional linear Volterra integral equations of the second kind , and we find that the solution computed by this procedure is very close to exact solution.

Study Of Naidid Worms Community Associated With Two Species Of Aquatic Plants In River Tigris Inside Baghdad City / Iraq, Haifa J. Jaweir, Manar D. Salman

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study is concern with the interaction between the naidid worms diversity and the species of aquatic plant within which the worms found . For this purpose, two species of aquatic plant were used, Ceratophyllum demersum and Eichhornia crassipes. 12 samples of aquatic plants were collected , as one sample monthly for a period from September 2012 to September 2013 from different site on Tigris river within Baghdad City. From C. demersum, 1428 individuals, were sorted during the study period, related to 17 species. 12 species of subfamily Naidinae which are Chaetogaster limnaei , C. diastrophus , Ophidonais serpentine …

Organic Content In The Sediments Of Tigris And Diyala Rivers, South Of Baghdad, And Its Relationship With Some Environmental Factors, Benthic Invertebrates Groups And Values Of Diversity Indices, Dahlia M .Ali Hasan Al-Kinany, Emaduldeen A. Almukhtar

Baghdad Science Journal

This study was conducted to detectthe relationship between organic content in the sediment of Rivers Tigris and Diyala, at two locations south of Baghdad, with some environmental factors and the benthic invertebrates and values of diversity indices. Monthly samples collected from the area for the period November 2007 to October 2008.Results showed differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of the two sites, Where the annual average in Tigris and Diyala were respectively for: water temperature (19, 20) C°, pH (8, 8), dissolved oxygen (4, 8) mg / l , Biochemical oxygen Demand BOD5(3,44 ) mg/l, TDS (632,1585) mg / …

Comparison The Effectiveness Of Using A Magnetic Field To Control Thecoli Phages Isolated From Rivulet Water With Water-Treatment Using Magnetic Field Added Iron Filings, Nada S. Rzoki, Zina H Shehab, Aliaa J. Kasem

Baghdad Science Journal

The present study aimed to use the magnetic field and nanotechnology in the field of water purification, which slots offering high efficiency to the possibility of removing biological contaminants such as viruses and bacteria rather than the use of chemical and physical transactions such as chlorine and bromine, and ultraviolet light and boiling and sedimentation and distillation, ozone and others that have a direct negative impact on human safety and the environment. Where they were investigating the presence in water samples under study Coli phages using Single agar layer method and then treated samples positive for phages to three types …

Composition Of Fish Assemblage In The East Hammar Marsh, Southern Iraq, Abdul Razzaq M. Mohamed, Sadeq. A. Hussein, Falah. M. Mutlak

Baghdad Science Journal

The fish assemblage in the East Hammar marsh was studied during December 2009 to May 2010. The fish fauna of the marsh consisted of 17 native, 23 marine (49%) and seven alien species. The dominant species were Liza abu (14.6%), Carassius auratus (13.4%) and Thryssa mystax (11.2%). The resident species formed 44.7%, occasional species 36.1% and seasonal species 19.2% of the total number of fish species. Fish species diversity index ranged from 1.28 to 2.61, richness from 1.98 to 4.50 and evenness from 0.45 to 0.78. Salinity ranged from 1.45 to 7.74‰. The increase in the proportion of marine species …

Haemagglutination (Ha) Test Of Helicobacter Pylori, Saba A.S.H. Al-Sultan, Subhi H.K Al-Jubouri

Baghdad Science Journal

Thirty clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori bacteria obtained from patients attending endoscopy unit of Ibn-Sena teaching hospital in Mosul . These patients were complaining from epigastric pain , dyspepsia , acidity , vomiting , abdominal pain , flatulance , heart burn and melena . The H. pylori isolates were used for Haemagglutination assay (HA) , which involves the recognition of various glycoconjugates on the surface of red blood cells . In this study sheep red blood cells has been used in (HA) assay because the sheep erythrocytes surface resemble that of human epithelial cells . The results proved by (HA) …