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2014

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Surface Chemistry And Spectroscopy Of Human Insulin Langmuir Monolayer, Sheba Johnson Dec 2014

Surface Chemistry And Spectroscopy Of Human Insulin Langmuir Monolayer, Sheba Johnson

Open Access Dissertations

The focus of this thesis can be categorized as study of two molecules, namely human insulin and carbon dots at 1) air-water interface as a Langmuir monolayer and 2) in solution. Aggregation of proteins into amyloids has been related to several diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Amyloidosis. Human insulin was chosen as a model protein to study fibrillation of the proteins. Effect of carbon dots on the rate of human insulin fibrillation was examined through spectroscopic techniques and imaging. Both human insulin and carbon dots were examined at air-water interface as a Langmuir monolayer. The conformation of human insulin in …

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Adoption Of Citizen Science Practices: A Case Study Of The Billfish Foundation’S Tag And Release Online Database, Daniel Dinicola Dec 2014

Adoption Of Citizen Science Practices: A Case Study Of The Billfish Foundation’S Tag And Release Online Database, Daniel Dinicola

Open Access Theses

Almost the entirety of our understanding of billfish science comes from recreational fishing and constituent based tag and release programs. A uniform, global resource where anglers can participate and view their efforts in action will greatly contribute to the understanding, conservation, and management of these mysterious animals. It was this rationale that led The Billfish Foundation (TBF) to create the Online Tag and Release Database (TROD) as a companion to its existing Tag and Release Program. The TROD was designed to galvanize the sportfishing community and streamline how constituent anglers report data. Significant portions of active TBF members have not …

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Lessons For Aquaculture From Agriculture: Selected Comparisons Of Fish And Animal Farming, Grace Seo Dec 2014

Lessons For Aquaculture From Agriculture: Selected Comparisons Of Fish And Animal Farming, Grace Seo

Open Access Theses

While global wild fisheries harvests stable or declining, aquaculture is meeting the demands of a growing global population for more seafood. Aquaculture production has increased dramatically at an average annual rate of 6.2% in the period from 2000 to 2012 (FAO, 2014). Between 2001 and 2011, the share of aquaculture in global fish production as increased from 27.6% to 40.1% (FAO, 2013). Fish farming (aquaculture) has an only a brief history in comparison with meat farming (agriculture). Humans have been engaged in agriculture throughout all of recorded human history, while large scale aquaculture has arisen only over the last fifty …

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Age And Growth Of Larval Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus Thynnus From The Gulf Of Mexico., Estrella Malca Dec 2014

Age And Growth Of Larval Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus Thynnus From The Gulf Of Mexico., Estrella Malca

Open Access Theses

Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are the largest and most highly prized among the tuna (Scombridae) family. They are highly pelagic, undertaking transoceanic migrations throughout the Atlantic, but the main spawning grounds are the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Given their mobility, management for this species is handled through international agreements under the auspices of the International Committee for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) and within the United States, through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Despite 30 years of ichthyoplankton surveys in the GOM, little is known about larval bluefin tuna ecology with regards …

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Mechanisms Of Condition-Specific Regulation Of Mrna Stability By Puf Proteins: From Yeast To Humans, Joseph Russo Dec 2014

Mechanisms Of Condition-Specific Regulation Of Mrna Stability By Puf Proteins: From Yeast To Humans, Joseph Russo

Dissertations

RNA binding proteins regulate mRNA decay and translation, two key steps in the control of gene expression in cells. Controlling mRNA metabolism allows cells to respond rapidly to altering conditions by utilizing already available mRNA, bypassing the wait for newly transcribed mRNA. The Puf family of RNA binding proteins bind specific mRNAs through interactions with sequences located in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR). Puf proteins are conserved throughout eukaryotes and have diverse roles including stem cell maintenance, neuronal development, stress response and organelle biogenesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Puf proteins are conditionally regulated in response to the cells metabolic. Specifically, in …

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A Microrna-1280/Jag2 Network Comprises A Novel Biological Target In High-Risk Medulloblastoma, Fengfei Wang, Marc Remke, Tze-Chen Hsieh, Lizi Wu, Cynthia Hawkins, Joseph M. Wu, Erxi Wu Dec 2014

A Microrna-1280/Jag2 Network Comprises A Novel Biological Target In High-Risk Medulloblastoma, Fengfei Wang, Marc Remke, Tze-Chen Hsieh, Lizi Wu, Cynthia Hawkins, Joseph M. Wu, Erxi Wu

NYMC Faculty Publications

Over-expression of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) has been previously implicated in high-risk medulloblastoma (MB) pathogenesis. However, the exact biological functions of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ signaling in MB biology remain poorly understood. Here, we report the subgroup specific expression of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ and their associated biological pathways in MB tumors. c-MYC, a downstream target of PDGFRβ but not PDGFRα, is involved in PDGFRβ signaling associated with cell proliferation, cell death, and invasion. Concurrent inhibition of PDGFRβ and c-MYC blocks MB cell proliferation and migration synergistically. Integrated analysis of miRNA and miRNA targets regulated by both PDGFRβ and c-MYC reveals that increased …

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‘Tug-Of-War’ Biophysics Teamwork With Osu Colleagues, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences Dec 2014

‘Tug-Of-War’ Biophysics Teamwork With Osu Colleagues, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

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Infection Rates, Parasitemia Levels, And Genetic Diversity Of Hematozoa In New World Waterfowl, Matthew M. Smith Dec 2014

Infection Rates, Parasitemia Levels, And Genetic Diversity Of Hematozoa In New World Waterfowl, Matthew M. Smith

Biological Sciences

Blood parasites can limit the productivity of birds and increase the vulnerability of isolated and naïve populations to extinction. I examined 804 blood samples collected from 11 species of South American waterfowl to assess infection by Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and/or Leucocytozoon parasites. In addition, I strove to develop a new molecular tool to quickly and accurately determine relative parasitemia rates of Leucocytozoon parasites in avian blood. I used samples collected from waterfowl in interior Alaska (n = 105) to develop and optimize a real-time, quantitative PCR methodology using TaqMan fluorogenic probes. Molecular screening produced an apparent prevalence rate of 3.1% for …

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Monitoring Energy And Nitrogen Availability For Arctic Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus), Lindsay L. Vansomeren Dec 2014

Monitoring Energy And Nitrogen Availability For Arctic Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus), Lindsay L. Vansomeren

Biological Sciences

Arctic caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are an economically and ecologically important species. Rangifer populations are often affected by nutritional factors. Our ability to monitor nutrient supply to arctic ungulates is presently limited by a lack of techniques to consistently and easily measure availability of specific nutrients and which may disproportionately affect different segments of Rangifer populations. I refined and validated a method to measure availability of specific nutrients including nitrogen (N) and energy to caribou using purified fibrolytic enzymes and acid/pepsin to simulate digestion. I then used this method to measure how availability of nitrogen and energy was altered …

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Total Synthesis Of Clavatadine A, Stephanie J. Conn, Shannon M. Vreeland, Alexandra N. Wexler, Rebecca H. Pouwer, Ronald J. Quinn, Stephen Chamberland Dec 2014

Total Synthesis Of Clavatadine A, Stephanie J. Conn, Shannon M. Vreeland, Alexandra N. Wexler, Rebecca H. Pouwer, Ronald J. Quinn, Stephen Chamberland

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

The first total synthesis of the potent and selective human blood coagulation factor XIa inhibitor clavatadine A (1) is described. Direct, early-stage guanidinylation enabled rapid, convergent access to an immediate clavatadine A precursor. Concomitant lactone hydrolysis and guanidine deprotection with aqueous acid cleanly provided clavatadine A (1) in only four steps (longest linear sequence, 41–43% overall yield).

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Two-Dimensional Layered Mos2 Biosensors Enable Highly Sensitive Detection Of Biomolecules, Joonhyung Lee, Piyush Dak, Yeonsung Lee, Heekyeong Park, Woong Choi, Muhammad Ashraful Alam, Sunkook Kim Dec 2014

Two-Dimensional Layered Mos2 Biosensors Enable Highly Sensitive Detection Of Biomolecules, Joonhyung Lee, Piyush Dak, Yeonsung Lee, Heekyeong Park, Woong Choi, Muhammad Ashraful Alam, Sunkook Kim

Birck and NCN Publications

We present a MoS2 biosensor to electrically detect prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a highly sensitive and label-free manner. Unlike previous MoS2-FET-based biosensors, the device configuration of our biosensors does not require a dielectric layer such as HfO2 due to the hydrophobicity of MoS2. Such an oxide-free operation improves sensitivity and simplifies sensor design. For a quantitative and selective detection of PSA antigen, anti-PSA antibody was immobilized on the sensor surface. Then, introduction of PSA antigen, into the anti-PSA immobilized sensor surface resulted in a lable-free immunoassary format. Measured off-state current of the device …

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New Study Of Proteins In Space Could Yield Better Understanding, New Drug Development, In Addition To Future Scientists, Jim Bakken Dec 2014

New Study Of Proteins In Space Could Yield Better Understanding, New Drug Development, In Addition To Future Scientists, Jim Bakken

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

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Praxis And Insider-Outsider Relationships: The Role Of Non-Indigenous Teachers In Promoting Indigenous Language And Culture In Educational Spaces, Kelly Kealy Dec 2014

Praxis And Insider-Outsider Relationships: The Role Of Non-Indigenous Teachers In Promoting Indigenous Language And Culture In Educational Spaces, Kelly Kealy

Linguistics

In many places throughout Alaska, non-Alaska Native certified teachers are working in communities that foster (or seek to foster) Alaska Native language and culture revitalization in the schools. Often, this means teachers with limited knowledge of the target language need to figure out how to support that content in their classrooms. This qualitative thesis examines interview and field note data collected from five non-Alaska Native teachers (working in Southwest schools) while they took summer classes at an Alaskan university. The teachers shared reflections on their struggles and successes in seeking to facilitate the integration of local Indigenous Knowledges into their …

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Characterization Of The Adenosine A1 Receptor In Summer And Winter Arctic Ground Squirrels, Zachary A. Carlson Dec 2014

Characterization Of The Adenosine A1 Receptor In Summer And Winter Arctic Ground Squirrels, Zachary A. Carlson

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Hibernation is an adaptation that allows the Arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) to survive the harsh arctic winter. Recently the activation of the Adenosine A1 receptor (A₁AR) has been shown to be necessary for entrance into hibernation during the winter but not summer season. In the current study we characterize the A₁AR in the forebrain, hippocampus and hypothalamus of summer and winter AGS. We also tested the hypothesis that increased A₁AR agonist efficacy is responsible for increased sensitization of the A₁AR during the winter season. The resulting ³⁵S-GTPγS binding data indicated an increase in agonist potency during the winter season …

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Permafrost In A Warmer World: Net Ecosystem Carbon Imbalance, Benjamin W. Abbott Dec 2014

Permafrost In A Warmer World: Net Ecosystem Carbon Imbalance, Benjamin W. Abbott

Biological Sciences

Arctic tundra and boreal forest have accumulated a vast pool of organic carbon, twice as large as the atmospheric carbon pool and three times as large as the carbon contained by all living things. As the permafrost region warms, more of this carbon will be exposed to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. This permafrost carbon feedback has been described as the largest terrestrial feedback to climate change as well as one of the most likely to occur; however, estimates of its strength vary by a factor of thirty. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by …

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Trophic Dynamics In A Changing Arctic: Interactions Between Ptarmigan And Willows In Northern Alaska, Katie Christie Dec 2014

Trophic Dynamics In A Changing Arctic: Interactions Between Ptarmigan And Willows In Northern Alaska, Katie Christie

Biological Sciences

Shrubs have been expanding in the Arctic over the past century, with important consequences for ecosystem functioning, plant community composition, and wildlife habitat. Herbivores have the capacity to strongly moderate the growth and biomass of shrubs, and therefore need to be considered when attempting to understand and project future changes to Arctic ecosystems. Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus, L. muta) are common and widespread in many tundra regions, and feed on shrubs throughout their life cycle. Ptarmigan are likely to be an important herbivore in northern Alaska where shrub expansion is rapidly occurring; however, little is known about their spatial and temporal …

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Effects Of Permafrost Thaw On Nitrogen Availability And Plant Soil Interaction In A Boreal Alaska Lowland, Rebecca Anne Finger Dec 2014

Effects Of Permafrost Thaw On Nitrogen Availability And Plant Soil Interaction In A Boreal Alaska Lowland, Rebecca Anne Finger

Biological Sciences

Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands causes an ecosystem state change as black spruce forests with permafrost transition into saturated, non-forested collapse scar bogs or fens. Previous studies have suggested that permafrost thaw can increase soil nitrogen (N) bioavailability. However, it is unclear whether these changes in N availability are directly related to changes in N pools or mineralization rates in surface soils (active layer dynamics), or whether increasing N can be attributed to N mobilization from thawing permafrost soil organic matter at depth. I examined plant species composition and aspects of N cycling along triplicate permafrost-thaw gradients in interior Alaskan …

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Effects Of Snowmobile Noise And Activity On A Boreal Ecosystem In Southcentral Alaska, Timothy Carl Mullet Dec 2014

Effects Of Snowmobile Noise And Activity On A Boreal Ecosystem In Southcentral Alaska, Timothy Carl Mullet

Biological Sciences

Snowmobiling is a popular winter activity in northern regions of North America. Although snowmobiles are important utility vehicles and serve as a means of outdoor recreation, their activity is known to affect plants and animals. These effects have been a growing concern over the past 20 years as a result of increased snowmobile activity into once inaccessible natural areas. Minimizing the impacts of snowmobiles on biota, preserving the quality and character of wilderness areas, and providing adequate access to snowmobilers for traditional activities has been a challenge for public land managers in Alaska. To address the effects that snowmobiles have …

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Changes In The Value Of The Southeast Alaska Salmon Purse Seine Limited Entry Permits Following Two Permit Buy Back Programs, Jennifer Christine Shriver Dec 2014

Changes In The Value Of The Southeast Alaska Salmon Purse Seine Limited Entry Permits Following Two Permit Buy Back Programs, Jennifer Christine Shriver

Economics

The Southeast Alaska salmon purse seine fishery (S01A) is an Alaska state waters limited entry fishery. When initially limited by the Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission in 1975, 419 permanent permits were issued. As salmon prices dropped in the late 1990s, current and expected future revenues also dropped leading to a decline in the market value of permit. This led permitees to look at different ways to improve their economic position. Reduction of permit numbers through the buyback and permanent retirement of some permits emerged as a preferred option for the S01A fishery; it was motivated as the best means to …

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An Indigenous Vision Of 21st Century Education In The Bering Strait Region, Barbara Qasuglana Amarok Dec 2014

An Indigenous Vision Of 21st Century Education In The Bering Strait Region, Barbara Qasuglana Amarok

Education

I am an Iñupiaq Alaska Native from the Bering Strait region and have worked in the region for 32 years in the fields of elementary, secondary, postsecondary, and adult education. Alaska Native students, as a cohort, have consistently had higher drop out rates and lower percentages of proficiency than other cohorts. My work represents a synthesis of my personal and professional experiences and is similar to research methodologies such as triangulation, auto-ethnography, mixed methods, or various Indigenous research methodologies that focus on webs of relationship. I also interviewed a sample of community members ranging in age from 15 to 75 …

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Green Tea Polyphenol Treatment Is Chondroprotective, Anti-Inflammatory And Palliative In A Mouse Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Model, Daniel J. Leong, Marwa Choudhury, Regina Hanstein, David M. Hirsh, Sun Jin Kim, Robert Majeska, Mitchell B. Schaffler, John A. Hardin, David C. Spray, Mary B. Goldring, Neil J. Cobelli, Hui B. Sun Dec 2014

Green Tea Polyphenol Treatment Is Chondroprotective, Anti-Inflammatory And Palliative In A Mouse Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Model, Daniel J. Leong, Marwa Choudhury, Regina Hanstein, David M. Hirsh, Sun Jin Kim, Robert Majeska, Mitchell B. Schaffler, John A. Hardin, David C. Spray, Mary B. Goldring, Neil J. Cobelli, Hui B. Sun

Publications and Research

Introduction Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol present in green tea, was shown to exert chondroprotective effects in vitro. In this study, we used a posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model to test whether EGCG could slow the progression of OA and relieve OA-associated pain. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or sham surgery. EGCG (25 mg/kg) or vehicle control was administered daily for 4 or 8 weeks by intraperitoneal injection starting on the day of surgery. OA severity was evaluated using Safranin O staining and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores, as well as …

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Parasites And Skeletal Indicators Of Anemia In The Eastern United States, Erin Dinneen Dec 2014

Parasites And Skeletal Indicators Of Anemia In The Eastern United States, Erin Dinneen

Anthropology

The goal of this research is to examine the influence of parasitic infection and diet in the etiology of anemia in prehistoric human populations of the eastern United States. Prehistorically, anemia is often attributed to a nutrient-deficient diet, while parasite infection is discussed as a secondary cause if at all. However, parasite infection is a leading cause of anemia in the developing world today. Modern epidemiological studies have demonstrated that parasites thrive or perish under particular environmental conditions, and risk for parasite infection can be predicted based on environment using GIS. Here I apply this method to see whether environmental …

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Molar Size And Shape In The Estimation Of Biological Affinity: A Comparison Of Relative Cusp Locations Using Geometric Morphometrics And Interlandmark Distances, Michael W. Kenyhercz Dec 2014

Molar Size And Shape In The Estimation Of Biological Affinity: A Comparison Of Relative Cusp Locations Using Geometric Morphometrics And Interlandmark Distances, Michael W. Kenyhercz

Anthropology

The study of teeth has been a central tenet in biological anthropology since the inception of the field. Teeth have been previously shown to have a high genetic component. The high heritability of teeth has allowed researchers to use them to answer a myriad of anthropological questions ranging from human origins to modern variation due to microevolution. Traditionally, teeth have been studied either morphologically, through the assignment of nonmetric character states, or metrically, through mesiodistal and buccolingual crown measures. Increasingly, geometric morphometric techniques are being used to answer anthropological questions, especially dentally. However, regardless of analytical technique utilized, the biological …

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Effect Of Filling Methods On The Forecasting Of Time Series With Missing Values, Mingyuan Cheng Dec 2014

Effect Of Filling Methods On The Forecasting Of Time Series With Missing Values, Mingyuan Cheng

Mathematics and Statistics

The Gulf of Alaska Mooring (GAK1) monitoring data set is an irregular time series of temperature and salinity at various depths in the Gulf of Alaska. One approach to analyzing data from an irregular time series is to regularize the series by imputing or filling in missing values. In this project we investigated and compared four methods (denoted as APPROX, SPLINE, LOCF and OMIT) of doing this. Simulation was used to evaluate the performance of each filling method on parameter estimation and forecasting precision for an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Simulations showed differences among the four methods in …

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Growth And Maturity Of The Pacific Razor Clam In Eastern Cook Inlet, Alaska, Jamie M. Mckellar Dec 2014

Growth And Maturity Of The Pacific Razor Clam In Eastern Cook Inlet, Alaska, Jamie M. Mckellar

Fisheries

In Alaska, the only road-accessible fishery for the Pacific razor clam, Siliqua patula, is located in eastern Cook Inlet, and has been monitored by the Alaska Department of Fish & Game (ADF&G) since 1964. In recent years, a shift has been observed in size, age, and number of clam cohorts in this region, yet little is known about the early life history of razor clams in this region. This study aimed to provide information on length and age at maturity, growth rates, and spawn timing at two beaches in eastern Cook Inlet, Ninilchik and Clam Gulch, in 2009 and 2010. …

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Feeding Ecology And Movement Patterns Of Juvenile Sablefish In Coastal Southeast Alaska, Karson Marie Coutré Dec 2014

Feeding Ecology And Movement Patterns Of Juvenile Sablefish In Coastal Southeast Alaska, Karson Marie Coutré

Fisheries

Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, is a commercially valuable groundfish species undergoing population declines in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. This study assessed the role of juvenile sablefish as consumers in coastal Southeast Alaska (St. John Baptist Bay, Baranof Island, Alaska; SJBB) to better understand their use of habitat and food resources during their early life history. Specifically, the diet of juvenile sablefish was described for multiple seasons (summer and fall) and years (2012 and 2013) from analysis of stomach contents recovered using gastric lavage. Sablefish ate a wide variety of prey taxa, and the most important prey groups were …

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Biotic And Abiotic Influences On The Use Of Arctic Lakes By Fish And Loons, Trevor B. Haynes Dec 2014

Biotic And Abiotic Influences On The Use Of Arctic Lakes By Fish And Loons, Trevor B. Haynes

Fisheries

The particularly severe effects of climate change anticipated in the Arctic, accompanied by ongoing anthropogenic activities, necessitate proactive and knowledge-based management of the region's aquatic ecosystems. However, the paucity of information on the Arctic's aquatic environments hinders strategic or spatially-explicit management. In this dissertation, I examine the habitat use of poorly studied taxa of the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska, including freshwater fishes and yellow-billed loons (Gavia adamsii). Distribution studies can be biased by false absences; therefore, I began by determining the detection probabilities of six fish species common to Arctic lakes for five gear types (Chapter 2). Variation …

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Patterns In Size, Growth, And Condition Of Juvenile Chum And Pink Salmon In The Northeastern Bering Sea, Melissa Prechtl Dec 2014

Patterns In Size, Growth, And Condition Of Juvenile Chum And Pink Salmon In The Northeastern Bering Sea, Melissa Prechtl

Fisheries

The Bering Sea has alternated between warm and cool spring thermal regimes, as defined by May sea surface temperature, and in recent years has remained in a "cool" state. Differences in spring thermal regime influence the timing of sea ice extent in the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS) region, with warm springs facilitating early ice retreats and cool springs resulting in later ice retreat. A recent conceptual model for relating production to higher trophic levels in the SEBS proposes that during years of early sea ice retreat, phytoplankton blooms occur in warm water and support small, lipid-poor species of zooplankton. Conversely, …

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The Effects Of Barotrauma And Deepwater-Release Mechanisms On The Reproductive Viability Of Yelloweye Rockfish In Prince William Sound, Alaska, Brittany Blain Dec 2014

The Effects Of Barotrauma And Deepwater-Release Mechanisms On The Reproductive Viability Of Yelloweye Rockfish In Prince William Sound, Alaska, Brittany Blain

Fisheries

Previous research has shown that releasing sport-caught Yelloweye Rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus with a deepwater-release mechanism (DRM) can alleviate anatomical damage due to barotrauma. However, it is unknown if a Yelloweye Rockfish remains a viable member of the population and reproduces in subsequent years following a barotrauma event and recompression with a DRM. The objectives of my study were to: 1) determine if Yelloweye Rockfish were able to reproduce one to two years following known forced decompression and recompression event(s); and 2) evaluate if barotrauma and recompression affected the quality of developing embryos. In 2010, Yelloweye Rockfish were sampled from an …

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Life History Characteristics, Management Strategies, And Environmental And Economic Factors That Contribute To The Vulnerability Of Rockfish Stocks Off Alaska, Jacqueline Patt Dec 2014

Life History Characteristics, Management Strategies, And Environmental And Economic Factors That Contribute To The Vulnerability Of Rockfish Stocks Off Alaska, Jacqueline Patt

Fisheries

This study explored the extent to which variations in biological characteristics, environmental and economic factors, and management strategies have affected the tendency for rockfish to become overfished. The analysis used data on 5 species of rockfish that account for more than 95% of commercial catch of rockfish in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and Bering Sea and Aleutian Island (BSAI) management regions. These species are: Shortraker Rockfish (Sebastes borealis), Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus), Northern Rockfish (Sebastes polyspinis), Dusky Rockfish (Sebastes variabilis), and Shortspine Thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus). Fishery management models often treat BMSY, the biomass level that maximizes sustainable yield, …

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