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Altered Mucins (Muc) Trafficking In Benign And Malignant Conditions., Suhasini Joshi, Sushil Kumar, Amit Choudhury, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mucins are high molecular weight O-glycoproteins that are predominantly expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells and have wide range of functions. The functional diversity is attributed to their structure that comprises of a peptide chain with unique domains and multiple carbohydrate moieties added during posttranslational modifications. Tumor cells aberrantly overexpress mucins, and thereby promote proliferation, differentiation, motility, invasion and metastasis. Along with their aberrant expression, accumulating evidence suggest the critical role of altered subcellular localization of mucins under pathological conditions due to altered endocytic processes. The mislocalization of mucins and their interactions result in change in the density …

Myo/Nog Cells: Targets For Preventing The Accumulation Of Skeletal Muscle-Like Cells In The Human Lens, Jacquelyn Gerhart, M. Greenbaum, V. Scheinfeld, P. Fitzgerald, M. Crawford, Arturo Bravo Nuevo, M. Pitts, Mindy George-Weinstein

PCOM Scholarly Works

Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a vision impairing condition that arises in some patients following cataract surgery. The fibrotic form of PCO is caused by myofibroblasts that may emerge in the lens years after surgery. In the chick embryo lens, myofibroblasts are derived from Myo/Nog cells that are identified by their expression of the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD, the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor Noggin, and the epitope recognized by the G8 monoclonal antibody. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that depletion of Myo/Nog cells will prevent the accumulation of myofibroblasts in human lens tissue. …

Chewing Through The Miocene: An Examination Of The Feeding Musculature In The Ground Sloth Hapalops From South America (Mammalia: Pilosa), Virginia L Naples, Robert Mcafee

PCOM Scholarly Works

Hapalops, a smaller-sized and early sloth of the Megatheroidea, appeared in the middle Miocene Santa Cruz formation of Argentina. This genus is part of the group from which later, larger megatheroids arose, i.e., Nothrotheriops and Megatherium. Many cranial characters support this idea; however Hapalops is not merely a smaller antecedent of the later forms. Specifically, Hapalops retains short anterior caniniform teeth, and a temporomandibular joint elevated above the cheek tooth row; a combination distinct among sloths. An elevated temporomandibular joint occurs in Bradypus, a tree sloth with anterior chisel-shaped teeth instead of caniniforms, and the tree sloth Choloepus, which is …

A Study Of 17 Short Tandem Repeat Loci Mutation In Thai Population, K Vongpaisarnsin, N Tansrisawad, U Hoonwijit, T. Jongsakul

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : In paternity testing, differences at genetic loci between the alleged parent and the child would lead to the exclusion of biological paternity. Although rare, transmission inconsistent in paternity testing or single mismatches in DNA profiles may occur, possibly due to either germline or somatic mutation. When single locus discrepancy is present, the mutant allele is hypothesized that mutation occurs possibly in either father or mother. Objective : The objective of this paper is to report the mutation events related to many short tandem repeat (STR) loci that are frequently used and applied in various scenarios of forensic statistics. …

Experimental Perspective On Fallback Foods And Dietary Adaptations In Early Hominins, Jeremiah E. Scott, Kevin R. Mcabee, Meghan M. Eastman, Matthew J. Ravosa

Publications

The robust jaws and large, thick-enameled molars of the Plio–Pleistocene hominins Australopithecus and Paranthropus have long been interpreted as adaptations for hard-object feeding. Recent studies of dental microwear indicate that only Paranthropus robustus regularly ate hard items, suggesting that the dentognathic anatomy of other australopiths reflects rare, seasonal exploitation of hard fallback foods. Here, we show that hard-object feeding cannot explain the extreme morphology of Paranthropus boisei. Rather, analysis of long-term dietary plasticity in an animal model suggests year-round reliance on tough foods requiring prolonged postcanine processing in P. boisei. Increased consumption of such items may have marked …

Seabird Nutrient Subsidies Benefit Non-Nitrogen Fixing Trees And Alter Species Composition In South American Coastal Dry Forests, Gilles Havik, Alessandro Catenazzi, Milena Holmgren

Publications

Marine-derived nutrients can increase primary productivity and change species composition of terrestrial plant communities in coastal and riverine ecosystems. We hypothesized that sea nutrient subsidies have a positive effect on nitrogen assimilation and seedling survival of non-nitrogen fixing species, increasing the relative abundance of non-nitrogen fixing species close to seashore. Moreover, we proposed that herbivores can alter the effects of nutrient supplementation by preferentially feeding on high nutrient plants. We studied the effects of nutrient fertilization by seabird guano on tree recruitment and how these effects can be modulated by herbivorous lizards in the coastal dry forests of northwestern Peru. …

Novel Roles For Actin In Mitochondrial Fission, Anna L. Hatch, Pinar S. Gurel, Henry N. Higgs

Dartmouth Scholarship

Mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion, fission and translocation, are crucial to cellular homeostasis, with roles in cellular polarity, stress response and apoptosis. Mitochondrial fission has received particular attention, owing to links with several neurodegenerative diseases. A central player in fission is the cytoplasmic dynamin-related GTPase Drp1, which oligomerizes at the fission site and hydrolyzes GTP to drive membrane ingression. Drp1 recruitment to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a key regulatory event, which appears to require a pre-constriction step in which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrion interact extensively, a process termed ERMD (ER-associated mitochondrial division). It is unclear how ER-mitochondrial …

2014-2015 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Graduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale

SIU Bulletins and Course Catalogs Archives

No abstract provided.

2014-2015 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Undergraduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale

SIU Bulletins and Course Catalogs Archives

No abstract provided.

The Lantern Walk, Georgia Southern University

George-Anne Media Group: Newsletters & Magazines

• Spring 2014 Ceremonies
• History of the Lantern Walk
• A Letter from the President
• Through the Years

Androgen Receptor Expression And Associated Clinico-Pathologic Features In Primary Breast Cancer From Kenya, Joshua Kibera Chege

Master of Medicine in Anatomic Pathology

Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases classified into various subtypes according to clinical, histological and molecular features as well as by the expression of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. New biomarkers are being studied which may be therapeutic targets in various breast cancer subtypes particularly triple-negative breast cancer. Recent studies show that androgen receptor (AR) expression can be used as a prognostic marker and there is evidence that anti-androgen therapy may be beneficial in oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer. Retrospective studies show that patients with breast cancers co-expressing androgen receptor and oestrogen receptor have a favourable prognosis and …

Family Dynamics In Vietnam, Linh Vu

Economics Honors Papers

No abstract provided.

Do Angry Birds Flock Together? The Effects Of The Aggressive Personality Trait On The Development Of Mutual Cooperation, Adam W. Stivers

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Two studies investigated the relationship between aggression and Social Value Orientation (SVO), a trait like predisposition to maximize Cooperative, Individualistic or Competitive goals. In Study 1, which was correlational, participants’ aggression was measured via questionnaire and SVO by a series of decisions in which points are allocated to self and an anonymous other. It was found that participants with a Cooperative SVO scored lower on aggression than those with either an Individualistic or Competitive SVO. In Study 2, using an experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to receive information that their partner was high in aggression, or low in aggression …

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2014

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Study On The Risks Of Radiogenic Second Cancers And Cardiac Mortality In A Set Of Pediatric Medulloblastoma Patients Treated With Photon Or Proton Craniospinal Irradiation, Rui Zhang, Rebecca M. Howell, Phillip J. Taddei, Annelise Giebeler, Anita Mahajan, Wayne D. Newhauser

Faculty Publications

Purpose: To compare the risks of radiogenic second cancers and cardiac mortality in 17 pediatric medulloblastoma patients treated with passively scattered proton or field-in-field photon craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Material/methods: Standard of care photon or proton CSI treatment plans were created for all 17 patients in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) (Eclipse version 8.9; Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) and prescription dose was 23.4 or 23.4 Gy (RBE) to the age specific target volume at 1.8 Gy/fraction. The therapeutic doses from proton and photon CSI plans were estimated from TPS. Stray radiation doses were determined from Monte Carlo simulations …

Artemisia Extracts Activate Pparγ, Promote Adipogenesis, And Enhance Insulin Sensitivity In Adipose Tissue Of Obese Mice, Allison J. Richard, Thomas P. Burris, David Sanchez-Infantes, Yongjun Wang, David M. Ribnicky, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Objective: Studies have shown that the inability of adipose tissue to properly expand during the obese state or respond to insulin can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Artemisia is a diverse group of plants that has a history of medicinal use. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of ethanolic extracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) and Artemisia santolinifolia (SAN) to modulate adipocyte development in cultured adipocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT) function invivo using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Method: Adipogenesis was assessed using Oil Red O staining and immunoblotting. A nuclear receptor specificity assay was used …

Spatiotemporal Expression Of Trpm4 In The Mouse Cochlea, Mayumi Sakuraba, Junko Murata, Ryoichi Teruyama, Kazusaku Kamiya, Junji Yamaguchi, Hideyuki Okano, Yasuo Uchiyama, Katsuhisa Ikeda

Faculty Publications

The present study was conducted to elucidate the presence of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4, TRPM4, in the mouse inner ear. TRPM4 immunoreactivity (IR) was found in the cell body of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the organ of Corti in the apical side of marginal cells of the stria vascularis, in the apical portion of the dark cells of the vestibule, and in a subset of the type II neurons in the spiral ganglion. Subsequently, changes in the distribution and expression of TRPM4 in the inner ear during embryonic and postnatal developments were also …

Syntheses And Functionalizations Of Porphyrin Macrocycles, Maria Da G.H. Vicente, Kevin M. Smith

Faculty Publications

Porphyrin macrocycles have been the subject of intense study in the last century because they are widely distributed in nature, usually as metal complexes of either iron or magnesium. As such, they serve as the prosthetic groups in a wide variety of primary metabolites, such as hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes, catalases, peroxidases, chlorophylls, and bacteriochlorophylls; these compounds have multiple applications in materials science, biology and medicine. This article describes current methodology for preparation of simple, symmetrical model porphyrins, as well as more complex protocols for preparation of unsymmetrically substituted porphyrin macrocycles similar to those found in nature. The basic chemical reactivity …

Radiocarbon Distribution And The Effect Of Legacy In Lakes Of The Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Peter T. Doran, Fabien Kenig, Jennifer Lawson Knoepfle, Jill A. Mikucki, W. Berry Lyons

Faculty Publications

The water of the ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys is derived primarily from glacial melt streams and to a lesser extent permafrost seeps and subglacial outflow. The result is a mixture of radiocarbon ages that reflect both the end-member water source and the biogeochemical processing of waters as they migrate to the lake-water column. Samples were collected from various locations within perennially ice-covered Antarctic lakes and the streams that feed them, and they were analyzed for radiocarbon abundance of organic and inorganic carbon. Stream gradient and length were shown to affect the degree of equilibration of water with …

Syntaxin Of Plant Proteins Syp123 And Syp132 Mediate Root Hair Tip Growth In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Mie Ichikawa, Tomoko Hirano, Kazuhiko Enami, Taylor Fuselier, Naohiro Kato, Chian Kwon, Boris Voigt, Paul Schulze-Lefert, František Baluška, Masa H. Sato

Faculty Publications

Root hairs are fast-growing tubular protrusions on root epidermal cells that play important roles in water and nutrient uptake in plants. The tip-focused polarized growth of root hairs is accomplished by the secretion of newly synthesized materials to the tip via the polarized membrane trafficking mechanism. Here, we report the function of two different types of plasma membrane (PM) Qa-SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors), SYP123 and SYP132, in the growth of root hair in Arabidopsis. We found that SYP123, but not SYP132, localizes in the tip region of root hairs by recycling between the brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive endosomes …

Split Luciferase Complementation Assay To Detect Regulated Protein-Protein Interactions In Rice Protoplasts In A Large-Scale Format, Yukichi Fujikawa, Takahiro Nakanishi, Hiroko Kawakami, Kanako Yamasaki, Masa H. Sato, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Makoto Matsuoka, Naohiro Kato

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Fujikawa et al. Background: The rice interactome, in which a network of protein-protein interactions has been elucidated in rice, is a useful resource to identify functional modules of rice signal transduction pathways. Protein-protein interactions occur in cells in two ways, constitutive and regulative. While a yeast-based high-throughput method has been widely used to identify the constitutive interactions, a method to detect the regulated interactions is rarely developed for a large-scale analysis. Results: A split luciferase complementation assay was applied to detect the regulated interactions in rice. A transformation method of rice protoplasts in a 96-well plate was first …

Social Status Differences Regulate The Serotonergic System Of A Cichlid Fish, Astatotilapia Burtoni, Jasmine L. Loveland, Natalie Uy, Karen P. Maruska, Russ E. Carpenter, Russell D. Fernald

Faculty Publications

© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. Serotonin (5-HT) inhibits aggression and modulates aspects of sexual behaviour in many species, but the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. Here, we exploited the social dominance hierarchy of Astatotilapia burtoni to understand the role of the serotonergic system in long-term maintenance of social status. We identified three populations of 5-HT cells in dorsal and ventral periventricular pretectal nuclei (PPd, PPv), the nucleus of the paraventricular organ (PVO) and raphe. Dominant males had more 5-HT cells than subordinates in the raphe, but the size of these cells did not differ between …

Folate In Demethylation: The Crystal Structure Of The Rat Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Complexed With Tetrahydrofolate, Zigmund Luka, Svetlana Pakhomova, Lioudmila V. Loukachevitch, Marcia E. Newcomer, Conrad Wagner

Faculty Publications

Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (DMGDH) is a mammalian mitochondrial enzyme which plays an important role in the utilization of methyl groups derived from choline. DMGDH is a flavin containing enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of dimethylglycine in vitro with the formation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine), hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde. DMGDH binds tetrahydrofolate (THF) in vivo, which serves as an acceptor of formaldehyde and in the cell the product of the reaction is 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate instead of formaldehyde. To gain insight into the mechanism of the reaction we solved the crystal structures of the recombinant mature and precursor forms of rat DMGDH and DMGDH-THF …

Crystal Structure Of The Histone Lysine Specific Demethylase Lsd1 Complexed With Tetrahydrofolate, Zigmund Luka, Svetlana Pakhomova, Lioudmila V. Loukachevitch, M. Wade Calcutt, Marcia E. Newcomer, Conrad Wagner

Faculty Publications

An important epigenetic modification is the methylation/demethylation of histone lysine residues. The first histone demethylase to be discovered was a lysine-specific demethylase 1, LSD1, a flavin containing enzyme which carries out the demethylation of di- and monomethyllysine 4 in histone H3. The removed methyl groups are oxidized to formaldehyde. This reaction is similar to those performed by dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase, in which protein-bound tetrahydrofolate (THF) was proposed to serve as an acceptor of the generated formaldehyde. We showed earlier that LSD1 binds THF with high affinity which suggests its possible participation in the histone demethylation reaction. In the …

The Carbon Concentrating Mechanism In Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii: Finding The Missing Pieces, Nadine Jungnick, Yunbing Ma, Bratati Mukherjee, Julie C. Cronan, Dequantarius J. Speed, Susan M. Laborde, David J. Longstreth, James V. Moroney

Faculty Publications

The photosynthetic, unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, lives in environments that often contain low concentrations of CO2 and HCO3-, the utilizable forms of inorganic carbon (Ci). C. reinhardtii possesses a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) which can provide suitable amounts of Ci for growth and development. This CCM is induced when the CO2 concentration is at air levels or lower and is comprised of a set of proteins that allow the efficient uptake of Ci into the cell as well as its directed transport to the site where Rubisco fixes CO2 into biomolecules. While several components of the CCM have been …

The Arabidopsis Siamese-Related Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors Smr5 And Smr7 Regulate The Dna Damage Checkpoint In Response To Reactive Oxygen Species, Dalong Yi, Claire Lessa Alvim Kamei, Toon Cools, Sandy Vanderauwera, Naoki Takahashi, Yoko Okushima, Thomas Eekhout, Kaoru Okamoto Yoshiyama, John Larkin, Hilde Van Den Daele, Phillip Conklin, Anne Britt, Masaaki Umeda, Lieven De Veylder

Faculty Publications

Whereas our knowledge about the diverse pathways aiding DNA repair upon genome damage is steadily increasing, little is known about the molecular players that adjust the plant cell cycle in response to DNA stress. By a meta-analysis of DNA stress microarray data sets, three family members of the SIAMESE/SIAMESE-RELATED (SIM/SMR) class of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors were discovered that react strongly to genotoxicity. Transcriptional reporter constructs corroborated specific and strong activation of the three SIM/SMR genes in the meristems upon DNA stress, whereas overexpression analysis confirmed their cell cycle inhibitory potential. In agreement with being checkpoint regulators, SMR5 and SMR7 knockout …

Molecular And Biogeochemical Evidence For Methane Cycling Beneath The Western Margin Of The Greenland Ice Sheet, Markus Dieser, Erik L.J.E. Broemsen, Karen A. Cameron, Gary M. King, Amanda Achberger, Kyla Choquette, Birgit Hagedorn, Ron Sletten, Karen Junge, Brent C. Christner

Faculty Publications

© 2014 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved. Microbial processes that mineralize organic carbon and enhance solute production at the bed of polar ice sheets could be of a magnitude sufficient to affect global elemental cycles. To investigate the biogeochemistry of a polar subglacial microbial ecosystem, we analyzed water discharged during the summer of 2012 and 2013 from Russell Glacier, a land-terminating outlet glacier at the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The molecular data implied that the most abundant and active component of the subglacial microbial community at these marginal locations were bacteria within the order …

Myo-Inositol And Phytate Are Toxic To Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Lucas Veillon, Jared Bourgeois, Amanda Leblanc, Gregg Henderson, Brian D. Marx, Syed Muniruzzaman, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Entomological Society of America. Several rare and common monosaccharides were screened for toxic effects on the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, with the aim of identifying environmentally friendly termiticides. myo-Inositol and phytic acid, which are nontoxic to mammals, were identified as potential termite control compounds. Feeding bioassays with termite workers, where both compounds were supplied on filter paper in concentrations from 160.2 to 1,281.7μg/mm3, showed concentration-dependent toxicity within 2 wk. Interestingly myo-inositol was nontoxic when administered to termites in agar (40 mg/ml) in the absence of a cellulosic food source, an unexplained phenomenon. In addition, decreased populations …

Strong Natural Selection On Juveniles Maintains A Narrow Adult Hybrid Zone In A Broadcast Spawner, Carlos Prada, Michael E. Hellberg

Faculty Publications

© 2014 by The University of Chicago. Natural selection can maintain and help form species across different habitats, even when dispersal is high. Selection against inferior migrants (immigrant inviability) acts when locally adapted populations suffer high mortality on dispersal to unsuitable habitats. Habitat-specific populations undergoing divergent selection via immigrant inviability should thus show (1) a change in the ratio of adapted to nonadapted individuals among age/size classes and (2) a cline (defined by the environmental gradient) as selection counterbalances migration. Here we examine the frequencies of two depthsegregated lineages in juveniles and adults of a Caribbean octocoral, Eunicea flexuosa. Distributions …

Evaluating Summary Statistics Used To Test For Incomplete Lineage Sorting: Mito-Nuclear Discordance In The Reef Sponge Callyspongia Vaginalis, Melissa B. Debiasse, Bradley J. Nelson, Michael E. Hellberg

Faculty Publications

Conflicting patterns of population differentiation between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (mito-nuclear discordance) have become increasingly evident as multilocus data sets have become easier to generate. Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) of nucDNA is often implicated as the cause of such discordance, stemming from the large effective population size of nucDNA relative to mtDNA. However, selection, sex-biased dispersal and historical demography can also lead to mito-nuclear discordance. Here, we compare patterns of genetic diversity and subdivision for six nuclear protein-coding gene regions to those for mtDNA in a common Caribbean coral reef sponge, Callyspongia vaginalis, along the Florida reef tract. We …