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A Scientific Approach To Intellectual Property And Health: Innovation, Access, And A Forgotten Corner Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights, 13 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 794 (2014), Adam Houston

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

For years, there has been vigorous debate over the relationship between intellectual property and health, especially in the context of pharmaceutical patents. Despite numerous attempts to strike a balance between innovation and access, however, few have looked to Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for guidance. Article 27, and its further elaboration and codification under Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, explicitly address this balance by pairing the right of everyone “to share in scientific advancement and its benefits” with a similarly universal right of authors to “material interests resulting” from …

Protecting Traditional Knowledge In International Intellectual Property Law: Imperatives For Protection And Choice Of Modalities, 14 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 25 (2014), Tesh Dagne

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The need for protecting traditional knowledge (TK) has been acknowledged in discussion and negotiations under the umbrella of a number of inter-governmental organizations that deal with biodiversity, the environment, indigenous peoples’ rights, human rights, food and agriculture, among others. It has, however, proved difficult to arrive at a consensus on the proper modality that can serve the needs and desires of Indigenous and Local Communities (ILCs) in their economic and cultural participation. The article examines the imperatives for the protection of TK and explores the modalities of TK protection at the international level for regulating the control of, access to …

Institutional Roles Of Political Processes, Expert Governance, And Judicial Review In Environmental Impact Assessment: A Theoretical Framework And A Case Study Of Taiwan, Chung-Lin Chen

Natural Resources Journal

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is used by most countries and is widely recognized as an important instrument for infusing sustainable development considerations into governmental decision-making. However, studies show that EIA often falls short of that goal. This article explores the design and operation of EIA through the lens of comparative institutional analysis. It examines the pros and cons of various governmental institutions charged with implementing EIA, uses a case study of Taiwan to demonstrate the validity of this analytical framework, and provides suggestions for future practices and legal reforms. This article proposes that the core problem that EIA is meant …

Struggles On The Path To Renewable Energy: Lessons From Sunzia, Rachel Giron

Natural Resources Journal

The SunZia Southwest Transmission Project is a high-voltage transmission line under development in southern New Mexico and Arizona. The project was created to allow the expansion of the renewable energy production economy, and is also part of larger efforts at climate change mitigation. It has the support of federal and state governments, and has been fast-tracked by the Obama Administration. However, in spite of its potential to increase the availability of clean energy, conflicts between local environmental groups and government agencies over siting difficulties have impeded its development. Efforts to streamline the permitting process have been largely unsuccessful, as they …

Migrating Towards An Incidental Take Permit Program: Overhauling The Migratory Bird Treaty Act To Comport With Modern Industrial Operations, Alexander K. Obrecht

Natural Resources Journal

In 1918, Congress passed the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) to curb mass avian extermination caused by hunting and poaching. Despite Congress’s initial concern with these activities, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) expanded the scope of MBTA enforcement to include bird deaths caused by industrial activities. This created a glaring split of authority among U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals, with one side applying strict liability under the MBTA for all deaths of protected birds caused by industrial activities and the other side refusing to apply the MBTA to indirect and unintentional bird deaths. This article argues that the …

An Environmental Conversation, William Murray Tabb

Natural Resources Journal

Federal environmental law and policy ambitiously purports to provide clean air and water, protect endangered and threatened species, clean-up hazardous and toxic waste sites, and infuse environmental considerations into the decision-making process of all federal agencies with respect to major proposals impacting the environment. Despite such lofty goals and an expansion of the regulatory state, certain types of activities and associated risks have eluded statutory coverage. Additionally, these uncoordinated federal environmental statutes typically embody a singular and sometimes myopic focus, leading to unpredictable or undesirable regulatory gaps, constraints, and inefficiencies. Further, limitations on standing and judicial review may significantly limit …

Solubility Enhancement And Precipitation Inhibition Of Poorly Water Soluble Compounds Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion Technology, Jiannan Lu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soluplus® (SOL), a graft amorphous copolymer, composed of polyethylene glycol, vinyl acetate and vinylcaprolactam in a ratio of 13: 30: 57, was utilized to prepare solid dispersions containing felodipine (FEL) or ketoconazole (KTZ) using hot-melt extrusion technology. The melting point depression approach was utilized to determine the miscibility and solubility of the model compounds within Soluplus® , of which felodipine demonstrated higher solubility when compared to ketoconazole (14% vs 4.3% w/w) at room temperature (298K). Moreover, the solubility parameters of FEL, KTZ and SOL were calculated as 21.76, 26.51 and 21.64, respectively.

Polarized light microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), …

The Effects Of Stress Hormones On Preferences For Acoustic Signals In Female Green Treefrogs (Hyla Cinerea) And Barking Treefrogs (Hyla Gratiosa), Anna Gabriell Davis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ecological stressors (i.e., high predator density, low food availability) are often associated with increased variation in mate choice by females. The association between environmental stressors and variation in mate choice suggests that circulating stress hormones (i.e., glucocorticoids) may mediate such effects, but this idea remains largely unexplored. I examined how circulating glucocorticoids affect preferences for male advertisement calls in female green treefrogs, Hyla cinerea, and barking treefrogs, Hyla gratiosa. Specifically, I examined whether administration of corticosterone (CORT) decreases preferences for call rate and/or call duration - two acoustic features that are highly variable and characteristically under directional selection via mate …

2013 Patent Law Decisions Of The Federal Circuit, Robert A. Pollock, Mark J. Feldstein, Barbara R. Rudolph, Joyce Craig, Elizabeth D. Ferrill, Corinne Miller Lagosh, Michelle Pacholec, Kara Specht, Michael A. Stramiello, Jonathan R. K. Stroud

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Realistic Forecast For U.S. Climate Action, Sam Crockett Neel

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values As Predictor Of Aggressiveness In Peripheral Zone Prostate Cancer: Comparison With Gleason Score, Shayan Sirat Maheen Anwar, Zahid Anwar Khan, Rana Shoaib Hamid, Fahd Haroon, Raza Sayani, Madiha Beg, Yasir Jamil Khattak

Department of Radiology

Purpose. To determine association between apparent diffusion coefficient value on diffusion-weighted imaging and Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer. Methods. This retrospective case series was conducted at Radiology Department of Aga Khan University between June 2009 and June 2011. 28 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer were included who underwent ultrasound guided sextant prostate biopsy and MRI. MRI images were analyzed on diagnostic console and regions of interest were drawn. Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS 20.0. ADC values were compared with Gleason score using one-way ANOVA test. Results. In 28 patients, 168 quadrants were biopsied and 106 quadrants …

The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 12

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This is the complete issue of the South Dakota State University Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 12.

“Doing Gender” In Public Speaking Education: A Focus Group Analysis Of Biological Sex And Gender Identity In Public Speaking Education, Heather A. Coburn

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This exploratory focus group analysis examines the ways in which students of a Capstone Communication Studies course (N = 15) perceive factors, such as their communication studies education, biological sex, and gender roles, that have impacted their experiences with Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) and Self-Perceived Communication Competence (SPCC), as well as the effectiveness of various treatment methods for the reduction of PSA. Three independent student focus groups were conducted – one comprised of biological females (n = 5), one of males (n = 3), and one containing subjects of both biological sexes (n = 7). Herein participants discussed their personal …

Jamie Leighton, Jamie Leighton

Journal of Pedagogy, Pluralism, and Practice

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Gain-Of-Function Mutations In The Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related Protein 5 (Lrp5) On Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis, Dinah Foer

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

IMPACT OF GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS IN THE LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN 5 (LRP5) ON GLUCOSE AND LIPID HOMEOSTASIS. Dinah Foer, Meiling Zhu, Christine Simpson, Grace Lee, Rebecca Sullivan, and Karl L. Insogna. Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Investigations in animal models suggest a physiologic link between LRP5 and glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the data in human studies is far from consensus. While LRP5 has been shown to be critical to Wnt signaling, the molecular mechanism for the effect on metabolism is unknown. We hypothesize that a high bone …

Longitudinal Characteristics Of Depression And Mood States Beginning In Primary Hiv Infection, Jessica Ashley Gold

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

LONGITUDINAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DEPRESSION AND MOOD STATES BEGINNING IN PRIMARY HIV INFECTION. Jessica A. Gold, Marie Grill, Julia Peterson, Christopher Pilcher, Evelyn Lee, Frederick M. Hecht, Dietmar Fuchs, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, Richard W. Price, Kevin Robertson, and Serena Spudich. Department of Neurology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Though depression is known to frequently afflict those with chronic HIV, mood during the early course of HIV is not well characterized. In a prospective study we assessed mood during primary HIV infection (PHI, <1 year duration), its association with neuropsychological performance and markers of neurological disease, and its longitudinal course including effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) subscales were longitudinally administered prior to and after HAART in PHI subjects. This evaluation of mood was done concurrently with blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuropsychological (total z and global deficit score, GDS) evaluation at each visit. Analysis employed Spearman's rho, logistic regression, and linear mixed models. 47.7% of the 65 men recruited at a median 3.5 months HIV duration met BDI criteria for clinical depression at baseline, classified as `mild' (n=11), `moderate' (n=11), or `severe' (n=9). Drug, alcohol, and depression history did not associate with BDI score. Proportional somatic-performance scores were worse than cognitive-affective scores (p=. 0045). Vigor subscore of POMS was reduced compared to norms and correlated with total z (r=0.33, p=0.013) and GDS (r=-0.32, p=0.016). BDI and POMS correlated with one another (r=0.85, p< .0001), but not with CSF or plasma HIV RNA, white blood cell (WBC) count, albumin ratio or neopterin. Improvement was not observed in BDI and POMS over 330 total follow-up visits, even after initiation of HAART. Depression was prevalent during PHI in our subjects, associated with abnormal somatic-performance and vigor scores. Neither neuropsychological performance nor disease biomarkers correlated with depressed mood. Mood indices did not improve over time in the presence of HAART.

Genomic Predictor Of Residual Risk Of Recurrence After Chemotherapy In High Risk Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancers, Sabrina Khan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Gene signature based prognostic tests can help improve adjuvant treatment decisions in early stage estrogen receptor positive (ER) breast cancers. Available tests in the clinic include Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS), PAM50 molecular class, and the Genomic Grade Index (GGI), which can identify high risk tumors that are likely to recur and have less favorable survival when treated with surgery and endocrine therapy alone. These high risk patients are recommended to also receive chemotherapy to improve their chance of survival. A subset of these "high risk" tumors is highly sensitive to adjuvant chemotherapy due to their high proliferation rates, and …

Prevalence Of Tuberculosis Symptoms And Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Prisoners In Northeastern Malaysia, Benjamin Margolis

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a known public health threat to prison systems due to poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, poor health of inmates, and poor prison healthcare systems. The large population of HIV-infected people living in prisons is especially susceptible to increased TB transmission and higher mortality. In Northeastern Malaysia, there is no screening for active or latent TB infection (LTBI) in the prison system.

Aims and Hypothesis: This study serves to measure the prevalence and correlates of LTBI and active TB symptoms in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected prisoners in Northeastern Malaysia. Given the host of factors that contribute to TB …

Characterization Of The Effect Of Braf Inhibitors On Melanoma Metabolism In Vitro And In Vivo, Alexander Marzuka

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Vemurafenib is the first FDA-approved personalized treatment for metastatic melanoma to show an improvement in survival. This serine threonine kinase inhibitor targets the mutated BRAF V600E protein, which occurs in approximately 50% of melanomas. The downstream effect of BRAF V600E blockade is inhibition of cell proliferation. Little is known about the effect of vemurafenib on glucose metabolism in melanoma cells. The Warburg effect, or the use aerobic glycolysis to generate energy and building blocks for cell proliferation, is a hallmark of cancer. Normal cells, in contrast, metabolize glucose through oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of oxygen and through glycolysis in …

A Novel Controlled Release Platform For In Situ Vascular Tissue Engineering, Joseph Thomas Patterson

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Autologous tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are limited by graft stenosis. Small diameter TEVGs implanted as unseeded scaffolds are prone to failure by occlusive luminal proliferation of smooth muscle cells derived from endothelial precursors within a critical period of two weeks. The development, validation, and application novel platform for controlling TEVG performance by local delivery of peptide and/or small molecule therapeutic agents from the TEVG scaffold is presented with insights into the autologous TEVG biology and development.

We hypothesized that inhibition of TGF-βR1 by local delivery of SB-431542, a competitive inhibitor of ALK5/TGFβR1 signaling, is superior to systemic administration of …

Evaluation And Characterization Of The Biomechanical Properties Of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts Implanted In The Arterial Circulation, Brooks Van Udelsman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

We used a murine model to assess the in vivo evolving biomechanical properties of tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) implanted in the arterial circulation. The initial polymeric tubular scaffold was fabricated from (poly)lactic acid (PLA) and coated with a 50:50 copolymer of (poly)caprolactone and (poly)lactic acid (P[PC/LA]). Following seeding with syngeneic bone marrow derived mononuclear cells, the TEVGs (n=50) were implanted as aortic interposition grafts in wild-type mice and monitored serially using ultrasound. A custom biaxial mechanical testing device was used to quantify in vitro the circumferential and axial mechanical properties of grafts explanted at 3 or 7 months. At …

Identification Of Novel Anti-Brain Tumor-Initiating Cell Compounds Using High-Throughput Screening, Garth William Strohbehn

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant primary intracranial tumor in adults. Despite years of advances in basic science knowledge about this disease including but not limited to cellular hierarchy, genetics, and mechanisms of proliferation and spread, overall survival of patients has remained unmoved for the past fifteen years, and long-term survivors are nearly nonexistent. Barriers to improved treatment occur in the realms of engineering and drug discovery: creation of an efficient delivery vehicle and identification of novel, efficacious small molecule compounds are necessary to achieve survival benefit in this disease.

In the following thesis, I describe efforts made by …

Commonthought (2014), Commonthought Staff

Commonthought

This issue features works created by Lesley University students and covers a broad range of topics. The work itself crosses many disciplines from creative writing to visual arts.

Canonical Heroes Redefined For Postmodern Readership, Catey Bayse

Senior Theses

"The 'hero' has figured as an important archetypal construction throughout literary history that has evolved over centuries. Instead of tracing the evolution of the hero chronologically, this essay will present a postmodern reading of the hero in John Milton’s Paradise Lost and Homer’s Iliad by rereading those texts through James Joyce’s Ulysses. Through this retrospective reading, heroic construction comes to mean something different than it does to classicists or Romanticists. In his construction of Leopold Bloom as the everyman, modern hero, Joyce is unconcerned with physical strength, youth, honor, virtue, lineage, or glory. Rather, Joyce constructs Bloom as a hero …

Boron Nutrition Of Burley And Dark Tobacco, Laura Ann Frakes Mitchell

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The incidences of suspected Boron (B) deficiency have increased recently in Kentucky tobacco fields, potentially due to recent changes in management practices. The symptoms observed in the field include; hollow stalk, stunted growth, deformed or no bud formation, small slits on the lower leaf midrib and uncontrollable breaking of the midrib approximately two inches from the stalk. B is a micronutrient tobacco needs in minute amounts, however excessive additions of B could cause toxicity. The objectives of this work were to 1) establish critical points for B sufficiency, 2) describe and define B deficiency and toxicity symptoms and 3) develop …

I Can't Hear You But I'M Not Sure I'M Going To Tell You: Perceptions Of Stigma And Disclosure For Individuals Who Are Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing, Brittany Nicole Lash

Theses and Dissertations--Communication

Communication processes can be affected by stigma – a negative evaluation of an individual’s attributes that discredits or identifies the individual as not normal (Goffman, 1963). One such communicative process that is affected by stigma is disclosure. Disclosure is when individuals share personal information that reveals something not previously known (Charmaz, 1991). One such group of individuals who may be forced to choose between disclosing (to get accommodations or social support) and avoiding stigma (by not disclosing) is individuals with disabilities (Braithwaite, 1991; Charmaz, 1991).

This study focuses on one particular population of individuals with disabilities – those with a …

Increasing Compliance With A Tobacco-Free Policy Via A Campus Campaign, Rachael A. Record

Theses and Dissertations--Communication

The implementation of a tobacco-free policy is the leading recommendation among health institutes for reducing the harms associated with tobacco exposure–for both smokers and nonsmokers–on college campuses. Despite the health benefits associated with tobacco-free policies, compliance with these policies remains a serious challenge on college campuses. Interventions aimed at increasing smokers’ willingness to comply with tobacco-free policies are essential for improving public health.

Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the purpose of this study was to (a) investigate the factors associated with tobacco-free policy compliance among undergraduate students and (b) design and evaluate a theory-based campaign aimed at …

Nanochromosome Copy Number Does Not Correlate With Rna Levels Though Patterns Are Conserved Between Strains Of The Ciliate Morphospecies Chilodonella Uncinata, Jie Huang, Laura A. Katz

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

In some ciliates, extensive genome fragmentation leads to a macronucleus (i.e. somatic nucleus) containing gene-sized chromosomes that vary in copy number. Yet the relationship between copy number and expression level is not well understood as previous work has shown a variety of patterns. For example, nanochromosome copy numbers are positively correlated to mRNA levels in spirotrichous ciliates, while one study of Chilodonella uncinata suggested that they were inversely correlated. To study further copy number and expression levels in C. uncinata, we analyzed 11 members in five gene families (SSU-rDNA, actin, alpha-tubulin, histidine acid phosphatase family protein and a protein kinase …

The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (Mmetsp): Illuminating The Functional Diversity Of Eukaryotic Life In The Oceans Through Transcriptome Sequencing, Patrick J. Keeling, Fabien Burki, Heather M. Wilcox, Bassem Allam, Eric E. Allen, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, E. Virginia Armbrust, John M. Archibald, Arvind K. Bharti, Callum J. Bell, Bank Beszteri, Kay D. Bidle, Connor T. Cameron, Lisa Campbell, David A. Caron, Rose Ann Cattolico, Jackie L. Collier, Kathryn Coyne, Simon K. Davy, Phillipe Deschamps, Sonya T. Dyhrman, Bente Edvardsen, Ruth D. Gates, Christopher J. Gobler, Spencer J. Greenwood, Stephanie M. Guida, Jennifer L. Jacobi, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Erick R. James, Bethany Jenkins, Uwe John, Matthew D. Johnson, Andrew R. Juhl, Anja Kamp, Laura A. Katz

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Altered Mucins (Muc) Trafficking In Benign And Malignant Conditions., Suhasini Joshi, Sushil Kumar, Amit Choudhury, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mucins are high molecular weight O-glycoproteins that are predominantly expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells and have wide range of functions. The functional diversity is attributed to their structure that comprises of a peptide chain with unique domains and multiple carbohydrate moieties added during posttranslational modifications. Tumor cells aberrantly overexpress mucins, and thereby promote proliferation, differentiation, motility, invasion and metastasis. Along with their aberrant expression, accumulating evidence suggest the critical role of altered subcellular localization of mucins under pathological conditions due to altered endocytic processes. The mislocalization of mucins and their interactions result in change in the density …