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2014

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Understanding Nicotine Addition: Dependency As A Result Of Maladaptive Brain Structure, Nate Thomas Jan 2014

Understanding Nicotine Addition: Dependency As A Result Of Maladaptive Brain Structure, Nate Thomas

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Nicotine addiction is the most prevalent, destructive dependency found in our culture. Despite its well-documented damaging health risks, nicotine use is still widely accepted and could be conceptualized as a social epidemic. Much of this acceptance may stem from nicotine’s lack of debilitating cognitive effects, as compared to those of other abused drugs. However, what may reign dominantly over nicotine’s legality is simple cultural precedent: tobacco has never been illegal and holds a place in human history. Therefore, attempting to alter this would prove highly unpopular and unsuccessful. This macroscopic irrationality, a blind favor for cultural precedents, parallels the irrational …

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Typologies Of Black Male Sensitivity In R&B And Hip Hop, Cassandra Chaney, Krista D. Mincey Jan 2014

Typologies Of Black Male Sensitivity In R&B And Hip Hop, Cassandra Chaney, Krista D. Mincey

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

A qualitative content analysis was conducted on the lyrics of 79 R&B and Hip Hop songs from 1956-2013 to identify the ways that these Black male artists expressed sensitivity. The songs were determined by Billboard Chart Research Services, and Phenomenology provided the theoretical foundation on which the themes were identified. Qualitative analysis of the lyrics revealed Black male sensitivity in R&B and Hip Hop to be based on the following four typologies: (a) Private Sensitivity; (b) Partnered Sensitivity; (c) Perceptive Sensitivity; and (d) Public Sensitivity. Private Sensitivity occurred when the Black male is alone; feels lonely; disguises or hides his …

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Vcu's Green Richmond Research, Nadia Rentia Jan 2014

Vcu's Green Richmond Research, Nadia Rentia

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

The impact of urbanization on the dogwood tree was the VCU junior Kaitlyn Parkman’s focus as she researched hundreds of trees in Richmond.

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Reign Of The Red Queen: The Future Of Bats Hangs In The Balance, J. Judson Wynne Jan 2014

Reign Of The Red Queen: The Future Of Bats Hangs In The Balance, J. Judson Wynne

KIP Articles

Excerpt: "Maligned in old wives' tales for "getting in your hair" and wrongly considered a primary vector for rabies, bats are in fact among the most important contributors to Earth's ecosystems. They are a keystone species in cave ecosystems, their guano adding allochthonous nutrients to an otherwise energy-limited environment; they are important seed dispersers, particularly in tropical forests; and they provide critical ecological services to humankind. In this latter role, insectivorous bats are one of the most overlooked yet important animals. In the United States alone, bats provide between $4 and $50 billion annually in pest-control- related ecological services to …

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Espeleo-Tema, Volume 25, No. 1, 2014, Maria Elina Bichuette, Livia Medeiros Cordeiro Jan 2014

Espeleo-Tema, Volume 25, No. 1, 2014, Maria Elina Bichuette, Livia Medeiros Cordeiro

KIP Articles

Contents: Editorial -- Teaching Science through a CD-ROM about Speleology -- Panorama Geoespeleológico das Grutas Areníticas da Serra de Itaqueri, SP

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Systems Theory As The Foundation For Understanding Systems, Kevin Macg. Adams, Peggy T. Hester, Joseph M. Bradley, Thomas J. Meyers, Charles B. Keating Jan 2014

Systems Theory As The Foundation For Understanding Systems, Kevin Macg. Adams, Peggy T. Hester, Joseph M. Bradley, Thomas J. Meyers, Charles B. Keating

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

As currently used, systems theory is lacking a universally agreed upon definition. The purpose of this paper is to offer a resolution by articulating a formal definition of systems theory. This definition is presented as a unified group of specific propositions which are brought together by way of an axiom set to form a system construct: systems theory. This construct affords systems practitioners and theoreticians with a prescriptive set of axioms by which a system must operate; conversely, any set of entities identified as a system may be characterized by this set of axioms. Given its multidisciplinary theoretical foundation and …

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Acta Carsologica, Volume 43, Issue 1, 2014, Franci Gabrovšek Jan 2014

Acta Carsologica, Volume 43, Issue 1, 2014, Franci Gabrovšek

KIP Articles

Contents: Interview with Andrej Kranjc -- Lower- to Middle Pleistocene Flank Margin Caves at Custonaci (Trapani, NW Sicily) and Their Relation with Past Sea Levels -- Karst in Ras Al-Khaimah, Northern United Arab Emirates -- Holocene Sedimentary Records of the Katarraktes Cave System (Northern Greece): A Stratigraphical and Environmental Magnetism Approach -- Karst Soils: Dependence of CO2 Concentrations on Pore Dimension -- Hydrochemical Response of Cave Drip Water to Snowmelt Water, a Case Study from Velika Pasica Cave, Central Slovenia -- Geothermal Potential and Sustainable Use of Karst Groundwater in Urban Areas - Belgrade, Capital of Serbia Case Study -- …

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Investigating The Photosynthesis Of Symbiodinium In Caribbean Gorgonian Corals, Blake Ramsby Jan 2014

Investigating The Photosynthesis Of Symbiodinium In Caribbean Gorgonian Corals, Blake Ramsby

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Symbiodinium photosynthesis fuels the growth of an array of marine invertebrates, including scleractinian corals and octocorals. Studies examining the symbiosis between Caribbean octocorals and Symbiodinium are sparse, even though octocorals blanket the landscape of Caribbean coral reefs. Here, I compared the photosynthetic characteristics of Symbiodinium in four comCaribbean octocoral species (Pseudoplexaura porosa, Pseudoplexaura wagenaari, Eunicea tourneforti, and Pterogorgia anceps) in outdoor aquaria at ambient temperature. The four octocoral species exhibited similar photochemical efficiencies despite significant differences in Symbiodinium density, chlorophyll a per cell, light absorption by chlorophyll a, and rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Differences in photosynthetic performance between octocoral …

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Identification Of A Treatment-Resistant, Ketamine-Sensitive Genetic Line In The Chick Anxiety-Depression Model, Stephen Walter White Jan 2014

Identification Of A Treatment-Resistant, Ketamine-Sensitive Genetic Line In The Chick Anxiety-Depression Model, Stephen Walter White

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Approximately 60% of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients do not respond to FDA-approved antidepressants. Introducing effective pharmacotherapies for this treatment-resistant population is hindered by the lack of pre-clinical screening assays that accurately model the clinical features of TRD. The purpose of this research was to screen representatives of different classes FDA-approved antidepressants and one novel antidepressant in two genetic lines of domestic fowl chicks that have previously been identified as stress-vulnerable and stress-resilient in the chick anxiety depression model. Separate groups of socially raised Black Australorp (stress-vulnerable) and Production Red (stress-resilient) chicks were administered the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (0-20 mg/kg), …

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Gonzaga University Factbook 2014-15, Institutional Research, Gonzaga University Jan 2014

Gonzaga University Factbook 2014-15, Institutional Research, Gonzaga University

Institutional Research

The Gonzaga University Factbook contains information on student enrollments, demographic profiles, admissions statistics, majors, retention and graduation rates, degree completions, faculty information, and more. It is updated annually with the most current and commonly-needed information about Gonzaga University.

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Cardiac Repair And Regenerative Potential In The Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) Heart, Jamie Grivas, Maria Haag, Adedoyin Johnson, Trina Manalo, Julia Roell, Lala Tanmoy Das, Pascal J. Lafontant Jan 2014

Cardiac Repair And Regenerative Potential In The Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) Heart, Jamie Grivas, Maria Haag, Adedoyin Johnson, Trina Manalo, Julia Roell, Lala Tanmoy Das, Pascal J. Lafontant

Biology Faculty publications

The remarkable ability of the heart to regenerate has been demonstrated in the zebrafish and giant danio, two fish members of the cyprinid family. Here we use light and electron microscopy to examine the repair response in the heart of another cyprinid, the goldfish (Carassius auratus), following cautery injury to a small portion of its ventricularmyocardium. We observed a robust inflammatory response in the first two weeks consisting primarily of infiltrating macrophages, heterophils, and melanomacrophages. These inflammatory cells were identified in the lumen of the spongy heart, within the site of the wound, and attached to endocardial cells adjacent to …

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Cultural Collisions And The Limits Of The Affordable Care Act, Jasmine E. Harris Jan 2014

Cultural Collisions And The Limits Of The Affordable Care Act, Jasmine E. Harris

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

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Virgin Fathers: Paternity Law, Assisted Reproductive Technology, And The Legal Bias Against Gay Dads, Elizabeth J. Levy Jan 2014

Virgin Fathers: Paternity Law, Assisted Reproductive Technology, And The Legal Bias Against Gay Dads, Elizabeth J. Levy

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

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Genetically Modified Food: A Golden Opportunity?, Susan Johnson Jan 2014

Genetically Modified Food: A Golden Opportunity?, Susan Johnson

PEEL Alumni Scholarship

Genetically modified organisms (“GMOs”) entered the commercial marketplace in the early 1990s with the introduction of the infamous yet ill-fated Flavr Savr tomato. Since then, scientists, scholars, journalists, and con- sumers have debated GMO safety and sustainability. On one side of the argument are those who maintain that extensive sci- entific research and regulatory endorsement from entities such as the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has established the safety and integrity of GMOs. On the other side are those who cite lingering scientific uncertainty, environmental burdens, and mistrust of the biotech industry generally.

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Split-Spinach Monitoring Of Rna Aptamer Assembly, Tucker A. Rogers, Grant Andrews Jan 2014

Split-Spinach Monitoring Of Rna Aptamer Assembly, Tucker A. Rogers, Grant Andrews

Honors Projects

As insights into RNA’s many diverse cellular roles continue to be gained, interest and applications in RNA self-assembly and dynamics remain at the forefront of structural biology. The bifurcation of functional molecules into nonfunctional fragments provides a useful strategy for controlling and monitoring cellular RNA processes and functionalities. Herein we present the bifurcation of the preexisting Spinach aptamer and demonstrate its utility as a novel split aptamer system for monitoring RNA self-assembly as well as the processing of pre-short interfering substrates. We show for the first time that the Spinach aptamer can be divided into two nonfunctional halves that, once …

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Bypassing Her Constitutional Rights: How The Nebraska Supreme Court Set A Damaging Precedent For Pregnant Minors Seeking Abortion Care, Carlie J. Armstrong Jan 2014

Bypassing Her Constitutional Rights: How The Nebraska Supreme Court Set A Damaging Precedent For Pregnant Minors Seeking Abortion Care, Carlie J. Armstrong

The Modern American

No abstract provided.

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The Exploratory Study Of Custody And Visitation Rights For Children In Same-Sex Families, Valencia T. Johnson Jan 2014

The Exploratory Study Of Custody And Visitation Rights For Children In Same-Sex Families, Valencia T. Johnson

The Modern American

No abstract provided.

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Protein 14-3-3 (Ywha) Isoforms And Their Roles In Regulating Mouse Oocyte Maturation, Santanu De Jan 2014

Protein 14-3-3 (Ywha) Isoforms And Their Roles In Regulating Mouse Oocyte Maturation, Santanu De

Biology Faculty Books and Book Chapters

The 14-3-3 (YWHA) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein family regulating important cellular processes including cell cycle. This work, for the first time, explored the differential expression and roles of 14-3-3 isoforms during mouse oocyte maturation.

All seven mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms were identified in mouse eggs and ovarian follicular cells including oocytes, by Western blotting. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of all 14-3-3 isoforms in oocytes, eggs and ovarian follicles with characteristic similarities and differences in their distributions.

Mammalian oocytes are arrested at meiosis prophase I by an inhibitory phosphorylation on Cyclin-Dependent Kinase I (CDK1), released by …

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Neurostimulation For Refractory Primary Chronic Headache Disorders: A Review, Bindu Yoga, Modar Khalil, Hassan Zafar, Fayyaz Ahmed Jan 2014

Neurostimulation For Refractory Primary Chronic Headache Disorders: A Review, Bindu Yoga, Modar Khalil, Hassan Zafar, Fayyaz Ahmed

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Headache is the commonest symptom seen in both primary and secondary care. Vast majority are primary i.e. for which no underlying cause has been detected. Tension Headaches, Migraine and Cluster Headaches are the most common primary headache disorders in the population. Although most of the primary headache disorders can be satisfactorily treated with both acute and preventive medications, those that are refractory to conventional treatment pose a great challenge to the headache physician. Moreover some patients are not able to use traditional treatment due to intolerance and co-morbidities. Neurostimulation is a treatment modality that has been used in other neurological …

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Gossypiboma Diagnosed Fifteen Years After A Cesarean Section: A Case Report, Abdul Rehman, Noor Ul-Ain Baloch, Muhammad Awais Jan 2014

Gossypiboma Diagnosed Fifteen Years After A Cesarean Section: A Case Report, Abdul Rehman, Noor Ul-Ain Baloch, Muhammad Awais

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Gossypiboma, a retained surgical sponge, is a rare complication following any surgical procedure and is primarily a result of human error. Such patients often have vague clinical presentations and the diagnosis often comes as a surprise. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman who had a long-standing history of lower abdominal discomfort. She was diagnosed with a gossypiboma fifteen years after a cesarean section. All general physicians, surgeons and radiologists must be aware of this rare but clinically significant entity.

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Pharmacological Basis For The Medicinal Use Of Rhus Coriaria In Hyperactive Gut Disorders, Khalid Hussain Janbaz, Arham Shabbir, Hassan Mehmood, Anwarul Hassan Gilani Jan 2014

Pharmacological Basis For The Medicinal Use Of Rhus Coriaria In Hyperactive Gut Disorders, Khalid Hussain Janbaz, Arham Shabbir, Hassan Mehmood, Anwarul Hassan Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

This study was aimed at providing the pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Rhus coriaria in diarrhea. In mice, the crude of R. coriaria demonstrated antisecretory and antidiarrheal effects against castor oil-induced fluid accumulation and diarrhea at at 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively, and was found safe up to tested dose of 5 g/kg. In isolated rabbit jejunum, R. coriaria exhibited concentration-dependent (0.01-3.0 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, similar to verapamil. The Ca++ antagonist activity was confirmed when pretreatment of R. coriaria shifted Ca++ concentration-response curves to the right with suppression …

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The Role Of The Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus And The Organum Vasculosum Lateral Terminalis In The Control Of Sodium Appetite In Male Rats, Laura A. Grafe, Anne E. Takacs, Daniel K. Yee, Loretta M. Flanagan-Cato Jan 2014

The Role Of The Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus And The Organum Vasculosum Lateral Terminalis In The Control Of Sodium Appetite In Male Rats, Laura A. Grafe, Anne E. Takacs, Daniel K. Yee, Loretta M. Flanagan-Cato

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

Angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone cooperate centrally to produce a robust sodium appetite. The intracellular signaling and circuitry that underlie this interaction remain unspecified. Male rats pretreated with both deoxycorticosterone (DOC; a synthetic precursor of aldosterone) and central AngII exhibited a marked sodium intake, as classically described. Disruption of inositol trisphosphate signaling, but not extracellular-regulated receptor kinase 1 and 2 signaling, prevented the cooperativity of DOC and AngII on sodium intake. The pattern of expression of the immediate early gene product cFos was used to identify key brain regions that may underlie this behavior. In the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of …

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Edra 45: Bibliography Of Books On Display, Kathleen Demsky Jan 2014

Edra 45: Bibliography Of Books On Display, Kathleen Demsky

Bibliographies

edra 45 | BUILDING WITH CHANGE | New Orleans, Lousiana

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Brown Capuchins (Cebus Apella) Exhibit Self-Control On A Delay Of Gratification Food Exchange Task When Food Options Differ Qualitatively, Kimberly Ann Fisher Jan 2014

Brown Capuchins (Cebus Apella) Exhibit Self-Control On A Delay Of Gratification Food Exchange Task When Food Options Differ Qualitatively, Kimberly Ann Fisher

Honors Theses

Self-control allows an individual to obtain a more preferred outcome by forgoing an immediate interest. Self-control is an advanced cognitive process because it involves the ability to weigh the costs and benefits of impulsive versus restrained behavior, determine the consequences of such behavior, and make decisions based on the most advantageous course of action. Self-control has been thoroughly explored in Old World primates, but less so in New World monkeys. There are many ways to test self-control abilities in non-human primates, including exchange tasks in which an animal must forgo an immediate, less preferred reward to receive a delayed, more …

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Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella) Fail To Be Equitable In An Ultimatum Game, Mackenzie Florence Smith Jan 2014

Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella) Fail To Be Equitable In An Ultimatum Game, Mackenzie Florence Smith

Honors Theses

The ultimatum game is a commonly used economics game testing humans' sense of fairness. In the game, a "proposer" is given a sum of money and is told they can split it however they want with another human partner. The partner can then either accept the division and both proposer and responder receive the proposed amounts, or the responder can reject the offer and neither player will get anything. Human subjects from most western cultures typically share almost half of an allotted amount, but it remains unknown whether our close primate relatives share this generosity. Recent attempts to present chimpanzees …

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Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Among Africa's Youth: Insights From A Multi-Country Study, Babatunde A.O. Ahonsi, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Scott Geibel, Sam Kalibala, Jerry Okal, Babacar Mane, Nathi Sohaba, Julialynne Walker, Eric P. Green Jan 2014

Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Among Africa's Youth: Insights From A Multi-Country Study, Babatunde A.O. Ahonsi, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Scott Geibel, Sam Kalibala, Jerry Okal, Babacar Mane, Nathi Sohaba, Julialynne Walker, Eric P. Green

HIV and AIDS

This report contains information from a study implemented between August 2011 and July 2012 that sought to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based picture of the HIV-related issues facing young people across Africa, and the prevailing legal, policy, and programmatic responses. The study was designed to establish a basis for a sharper focus on youth within the response to HIV on the continent. Researchers conducted country-specific analytical reviews of the relevant literature on factors associated with HIV risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors among young people aged 15–24 in six countries across Africa—Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda. In addition, qualitative and …

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An Overview Of The Hiv Prevention Landscape In Zimbabwe: Implications For Tenofovir Gel, Population Council Jan 2014

An Overview Of The Hiv Prevention Landscape In Zimbabwe: Implications For Tenofovir Gel, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Zimbabwe has seen a tremendous shift in the HIV landscape in the last decade, particularly regarding prevalence. Yet many people, especially women, are still at high risk and efforts to identify and implement additional HIV-prevention options remain critical. Topical microbicides are a promising new technology that women can control or initiate, with a number of products tested in clinical trials over the past two decades. As research moves forward, decision-makers and other stakeholders need key background information to inform strategic decision-making regarding introduction of tenofovir gel and other new HIV-prevention products. The Population Council has designed a toolkit to assist …

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Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Among Nigeria's Youth, Population Council Jan 2014

Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Among Nigeria's Youth, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

This report documents the findings of a study implemented between August 2011 and July 2012 that sought to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based picture of the HIV-related issues facing Nigerian youth and the prevailing legal, policy, and programmatic responses. The study was designed to establish a basis for a sharper focus on youth within the national response to HIV. Researchers conducted an analytical review of the relevant literature on factors associated with HIV risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors among young people aged 15–24 in Nigeria. In addition, qualitative and quantitative analyses enabled an evaluation of the factors associated with young people’s sexual …

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Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Of Nigeria's Youth: Summary Of Study Findings, Population Council Jan 2014

Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Of Nigeria's Youth: Summary Of Study Findings, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Nigerian youth, especially females, are disproportionately affected by HIV yet remain a neglected subpopulation in the response to HIV. Current HIV-prevention interventions are often not youth-friendly in design and implementation. Youth, therefore, fail to access these services which further worsens their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. This study, implemented between August 2011 and July 2012, sought to provide a comprehensive evidence-based picture of the HIV-related issues facing Nigerian youth and the prevailing legal, policy, and programmatic responses. Researchers conducted an analytical review of the relevant literature on factors associated with HIV risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors among young people aged 15–24 in Nigeria. …

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Policy And Programme Considerations For Arv-Based Prevention For Women: Insights From Key Opinion Leaders In Zimbabwe About Tenofovir Gel, Samukeliso Dube, Barbara Friedland, Saiqa Mullick, Martha Brady, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory Jan 2014

Policy And Programme Considerations For Arv-Based Prevention For Women: Insights From Key Opinion Leaders In Zimbabwe About Tenofovir Gel, Samukeliso Dube, Barbara Friedland, Saiqa Mullick, Martha Brady, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory

HIV and AIDS

Zimbabwe has seen a tremendous shift in the HIV landscape in the last decade, particularly regarding prevalence. Yet many people, especially women, are still at high risk and efforts to identify and implement additional HIV-prevention options remain critical. After nearly 20 years of microbicides research, 1 percent tenofovir gel is the first vaginal microbicide to show promise. Since 2011, Zimbabwe has been scaling up use of tenofovir-based regimens as first-line therapy for adults infected with HIV. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial demonstrated that women assigned to use 1 percent tenofovir gel had a 39 percent lower risk of HIV infection …

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