Digital Commons Network^™

Requiring Pollutant Discharge Permits For Pesticide Applications That Deposit Residues In Surface Waters, Terence J. Centner, Nicholas Eberhart

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Agricultural producers and public health authorities apply pesticides to control pests that damage crops and carry diseases. Due to the toxic nature of most pesticides, they are regulated by governments. Regulatory provisions require pesticides to be registered and restrictions operate to safeguard human health and the environment. Yet pesticides used near surface waters pose dangers to non-target species and drinking water supplies leading some governments to regulate discharges of pesticides under pollution discharge permits. The dual registration and discharge permitting provisions are burdensome. In the United States, agricultural interest groups are advancing new legislation that would exempt pesticide residues from …

Fall 2014, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Spring 2014, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Psyx 233.50: Fundamentals Of The Psychology Of Aging, Jessica Kumm

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Psyx 100s.50: Introduction To Psychology, Lia Harrington

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Psyx 385.01: Psychology Of Personality- Methodology, Theories, And Application, William Meyer

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Editorial Overview: Environmental Change Issues: Coral Reefs Sustainability And Its Challenges, Bernhard Riegl, Georgios Tsounis

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Teaching Against Hierarchies: An Anarchist Approach, Stephanie Spoto

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

The state of California spends more on prisons than on colleges and universities, and the fact that these two budgetary figures are often compared shows the relationship between the two state institutions. Our classrooms, starting from a very early stage, not only prepare children to be productive members of the consumer economy but educate them for complacency in the face of state violence and mass incarceration. In attempting to move away from hierarchical models of education, this article looks at the feminist pedagogical theory of bell hooks and antiauthoritarian and anarchist theorists such as Jacques Rancière and Derrick Jensen in …

Editorial Pernicious And Threatening Plasmodium Vivax As Reality, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

The report by Quispe and others in this issue of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene adds to the substantial and growing body of evidence that a diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria often occurs with serious and threatening illness. The retrospective study by Quispe and others of malaria admissions to a hospital in coastal Peru comes with assurance of no confounding by P. falciparum by virtue of its absence from the region. About one-quarter of patients were classified as critically ill with severe anemia, shock, lung injury, renal failure, and cerebral syndromes, and two patients (about 8% …

The Clinical And Public Health Problem Of Relapse Despite Primaquine Therapy: Case Review Of Repeated Relapses Of Plasmodium Vivax Acquired In Papua New Guinea, R. Joan H. Ingram, Chelzie Crenna-Darusallam, Saraswati Soebianto, Rintis Noviyanti, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Primaquine is the only drug available for preventing relapse following a primary attack by Plasmodium vivax malaria. This drug imposes several important problems: daily dosing over two weeks; toxicity in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency; partner blood schizontocides possibly impacting primaquine safety and efficacy; cytochrome P-450 abnormalities impairing metabolism and therapeutic activity; and some strains of parasite may be tolerant or resistant to primaquine. There are many possible causes of repeated relapses in a patient treated with primaquine.

Case description: A 56-year-old Caucasian woman from New Zealand traveled to New Ireland, Papua New Guinea for two months in …

Severe Morbidity And Mortality Risk From Malaria In The United States, 1985–2011, Jimee Hwang, Karen A. Cullen, S. Patrick Kachur, Paul M. Arguin, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Recent reports of Plasmodium vivax associated with severe syndromes and mortality from malaria endemic areas questions the “benign” course of non-falciparum malarias.

Methods. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with a diagnosis of malaria parasite single-species infection between 1985 and 2011. Patients classified as having severe illness were further classified according to outcome (survival versus death) and clinical syndrome.

Results. Among all cases, .9% of Plasmodium falciparum cases resulted in death and 9.3% were classified as severe, whereas .09% of P. vivax cases resulted in death and 1.3% were …

Geographical Variation In Plasmodium Vivax Relapse, Katherine E. Battle, Markku S. Karhunen, Samir Bhatt, Peter W. Gething, Rosalind E. Howes, Nick Golding, Thomas P. Van Boeckel, Jane P. Messina, G. Dennis Shanks, David L. Smith, J. Kevin Baird, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Plasmodium vivax has the widest geographic distribution of the human malaria parasites and nearly 2.5 billion people live at risk of infection. The control of P. vivax in individuals and populations is complicated by its ability to relapse weeks to months after initial infection. Strains of P. vivax from different geographical areas are thought to exhibit varied relapse timings. In tropical regions strains relapse quickly (three to six weeks), whereas those in temperate regions do so more slowly (six to twelve months), but no comprehensive assessment of evidence has been conducted. Here observed patterns of relapse periodicity …

Defining The Geographical Range Of The Plasmodium Knowlesi Reservoir, Catherine L. Moyes, Andrew J. Henry, Nick Golding, Zhi Huang, Balbir Singh, J. Kevin Baird, Paul N. Newton, Michael Huffman, Kirsten A. Duda, Chris J. Drakeley, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, Nicholas M. Anstey, Qijun Chen, Zinta Zommers, Samir Bhatt, Peter W. Gething, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Background: The simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, can cause severe and fatal disease in humans yet it is rarely included in routine public health reporting systems for malaria and its geographical range is largely unknown. Because malaria caused by P. knowlesi is a truly neglected tropical disease, there are substantial obstacles to defining the geographical extent and risk of this disease. Information is required on the occurrence of human cases in different locations, on which non-human primates host this parasite and on which vectors are able to transmit it to humans. We undertook a systematic review and ranked the …

Impact Of A Spatial Repellent On Malaria Incidence In Two Villages In Sumba, Indonesia, Din Syafruddin, Michael J. Bangs, Dian Sidik, Iqbal Elyazar, Puji B.S. Asih, Krisin Chan, Siti Nurleila, Christian Nixon, Joko Hendarto, Isra Wahid, Hasanuddin Ishak, Claus Bogh, John P. Grieco, Nicole L. Achee, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (SR) in households at risk of malaria in Indonesia. Following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. Weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. Malaria infections occurred in 61 subjects living in placebo households and 31 subjects living in SR coil households, suggesting a 52% protective effect of SR. Likewise, anopheles indoor human landing rates …

Neuroimaging Of The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Mark A. Elliott, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Karthik Prabhakaran, Monica E. Calkins, Ryan Hopson, Chad Jackson, Jack Keefe, Marisa Riley, Frank D. Mentch, Patrick Sleiman, Ragini Verma, Christos Davatzikos, Hakon Hakonarson, Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur

United States Public Health Resources

The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) is a large-scale, NIMH funded initiative to understand how brain maturation mediates cognitive development and vulnerability to psychiatric illness, and understand how genetics impacts this process. As part of this study, 1445 adolescents ages 8–21 at enrollment underwent multimodal neuroimaging. Here, we highlight the conceptual basis for the effort, the study design, and the measures available in the dataset. We focus on neuroimaging measures obtained, including T1-weighted structural neuroimaging, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion neuroimaging using arterial spin labeling, functional imaging tasks of working memory and emotion identification, and resting state imaging of functional connectivity. Furthermore, …

Caregiver Behavior Change For Child Survival And Development In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: An Examination Of The Evidence, John P. Elder, Willo Pequegnat, Saifuddin Ahmed, Gretchen Bachman, Merry Bullock, Waldemar A. Carlo, Venkatrama Chandra- Mouli, Nathan A. Fox, Sara Harkness, Gillian Huebner, Joan Lombardi, Velma Mcbride Murry, Allisyn Moran, Maureen Norton, Jennifer Mulik, Will Parks, Helen Raikes, Joseph Smyser, Caroline Sugg, Michael Sweat

United States Public Health Resources

In June of 2012, representatives from more than 80 countries promulgated a Child Survival Call to Action, which called for reducing child mortality to 20 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births in every country by 2035. To address the problem of ending preventable child deaths, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Children’s Fund convened, on June 3–4, 2013, an Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. Six evidence review teams were established on different topics related to child survival and healthy development to …

Impaired Hcv Clearance In Hiv/Hcv Coinfected Subjects Treated With Pegifn And Rbv Due To Interference Of Ifn Signaling By Ifnαr2a, Yu Jin Lee, Xiaozhen Zhang, Estefania Vazquez, Gayathri Shivasabesan, Howard A. Young, Alison Murphy, Honghui Wang, Anthony F. Suffredini, Ulrich Siebenlist, Shyam Kottilil

United States Public Health Resources

Enhanced endogenous interferon (IFN) stimulated gene (ISG) signature has been associated with nonresponsiveness to hepatitis C treatment using pegylated-IFNα (pegIFNα) and ribavirin (RBV) in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfected patients. Using a proteomic approach, we identified high levels of IFNα receptor 2a (IFNαR2a) in the serum of null responders to pegIFNα/RBV. IFNαR2a inhibited antiviral activity of all formulations of IFNα in JFH/Huh7.5 cells. Furthermore, serum from null responders, but not from those who achieved sustained virologic response, suppressed IFN-signaling and ISG expression in IFNα-stimulated PBMCs of healthy donors in an IFNαR2a specific fashion. An IFNαR2a transgenic mice model …

Rapid Detection Of Shigella And Enteroinvasive Escherichia Coli In Produce Enrichments By A Conventional Multiplex Pcr Assay, Rachel Binet, Deanne M. Deer, Samantha J. Uhlfelder

United States Public Health Resources

Faster detection of contaminated foods can prevent adulterated foods from being consumed and minimize the risk of an outbreak of foodborne illness. A sensitive molecular detection method is especially important for Shigella because ingestion of as few as 10 of these bacterial pathogens can cause disease. The objectives of this study were to compare the ability of four DNA extraction methods to detect Shigella in six types of produce, post-enrichment, and to evaluate a new and rapid conventional multiplex assay that targets the Shigella ipaH, virB and mxiC virulence genes. This assay can detect less than two Shigella cells …

Isolation And Molecular Characterization Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis From Poultry House And Clinical Samples During 2010, Ezat H. Mezal, Ashley Sabol, Mariam A. Khan, Nawab Ali, Rossina Stefanova, Ashraf A. Khan

United States Public Health Resources

A total of 60 Salmonella enterica serovar (ser.) Enteritidis isolates, 28 from poultry houses and 32 from clinical samples, were isolated during 2010. These isolates were subjected to testing and analyzed for antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, plasmids and plasmid replicon types. To assess genetic diversity, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) fingerprinting, using the XbaI restriction enzyme, Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) and plasmid profiles were performed. All isolates from poultry, and 10 out of 32 clinical isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Twenty-one of thirty-two clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin and …

Molecular Characterization Of Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium And Salmonella Kentucky Isolated From Pre- And Post-Chill Whole Broilers Carcasses, Tagelsir Mohamed, Shaohua Zhao, David G. White, Salina Parveen

United States Public Health Resources

There is conflicting data regarding whether commercial chilling has any effect on persistence of Salmonella serovars, including antibiotic resistant variants, on chicken carcasses. A total of 309 Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Kentucky isolates recovered from pre- and post-chill whole broiler carcasses were characterized for genetic relatedness using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and for the presence of virulence factors (invA, pagC, spvC) by PCR and for aerobactin and colicin production by bioassays. A subset of these isolates (n = 218) displaying resistance to either sulfisoxazole and/or ceftiofur [S. Typhimurium (n = 66) and …

Suicide Prevention, Deborah M. Stone, Alex E. Crosby

United States Public Health Resources

Suicide is a public health problem affecting people across the lifespan. It is currently the 10th leading cause of death, with rates having remained relatively flat for the past century. This article summarizes the problem of suicide and suicidal behavior along with suicide prevention efforts in the United States. Part 1 provides an overview of the epidemiology of suicide, including groups most at risk of suicide and suicidal behavior. Part 2 provides a review of common risk factors, organized by developmental life stage. A brief discussion of the lesser well-researched area of protective factors follows. Part 3 provides an overview …

Type I Interferon Responses In Rhesus Macaques Prevent Siv Infection And Slow Disease Progression, Netanya G. Sandler, Steven E. Bosinger, Jacob D. Estes, Richard T. R. Zhu, Gregory K. Tharp, Eli Boritz, Doron Levin, Sathi Wijeyesinghe, Krystelle Nganou Makamdop, Gregory D. Del Prete, Brenna J. Hill, J. Katherina Timmer, Emma Reiss, Ganit Yarden, Samuel Darko, Eduardo Contijoch, John Paul Todd, Guido Silvestri, Martha Nason, Robert B. Norgren Jr., Brandon F. Keele, Srinivas Rao, Jerome A. Langer, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Gideon Schreiber, Daniel C. Douek

United States Public Health Resources

Inflammation in HIV infection is predictive of non-AIDSmorbidity and death¹, higher set point plasma virus load² and virus acquisition³; thus, therapeutic agents are in development to reduce its causes and consequences. However, inflammation may simultaneously confer both detrimental and beneficial effects. This dichotomy is particularly applicable to type I interferons (IFN-I) which, while contributing to innate control of infection^4–10, also provide target cells for the virus during acute infection, impairCD4T-cell recovery, and are associated with disease progression^6,7,11–19.Herewe manipulated IFN-I signalling in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) during simian immunodeficiency virus …

United States Life Tables, 2009, Elizabeth Arias

United States Public Health Resources

Objectives—This report presents complete period life tables for the United States by race, Hispanic origin, and sex based on age-specific death rates in 2009.

Methods—Data used to prepare the 2009 life tables are 2009 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2009, population estimates based on the 2000 decennial census; and 2009 Medicare data for persons aged 66–99. The methodology used to estimate the 2009 life tables is the same as that used for data year 2008, which was revised from that used for data years 2000–2007. The methodology used to estimate the life tables for the Hispanic population remains …

Gphy 338.01: Mountains And Society, Sarah Halvorson

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Census: Colonial Ethnography On India's North-West Frontier, Zak Leonard

Vulcan Historical Review

pp. 158-172

Synthesizing Data And Models For The Spread Of Mers-Cov, 2013: Key Role Of Index Cases And Hospital Transmission, Gerardo Chowell, Seth Blumberg, Lone Simonsen, Mark A. Miller, Cecile Viboud

Global Health Faculty Publications

The outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused 209 deaths and 699 laboratory-confirmed cases in the Arabian Peninsula as of June 11, 2014. Preparedness efforts are hampered by considerable uncertainty about the nature and intensity of human-to-human transmission, with previous reproduction number estimates ranging from 0.4 to 1.5. Here we synthesize epidemiological data and transmission models for the MERS-CoV outbreak during April–October 2013 to resolve uncertainties in epidemic risk, while considering the impact of observation bias. We match the progression of MERS-CoV cases in 2013 to a dynamic transmission model that incorporates community and hospital compartments, and …

Changing Body Condition In Walleye With Reference To Ideal Sample Size Requirements, Kevin Longtin

Journal of Earth and Life Science

The objective of this study was to determine if walleye Sander vitreus percent dry weight, a measure of condition, differed among summer months of 2014 on Maple Lake, Minnesota. A second objective was to determine if there was a relationship between condition and body temperature, total length, or wet weight. Between three and six walleyes were collected per month by hook and line methods. All fish had internal body temperatures taken at the time of capture and were oven dried in the laboratory at 80 °C in order to measure percent dry weight. There was no relationship between condition and …

A Support Group Proposal For Women Seeking Fertility Treatment, Emily Jazdzewski

Theses and Graduate Projects

lnfertility is the inability to conceive a pregnancy. Not being able to conceive or carry a child is a devastating reality for many women. Infertility causes both physical and emotional stress that can make it difficult to cope. A literature search revealed the need for a support group for fertility patients to share their journey to decrease the incidence of depression and anxiety. A proposal to develop a support group supported by a Reproductive Endocrinology Department will be explored. The proposal will describe benefits of a support group, integrating cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation and Mindfulness techniques to promote self-soothing …

Empowering Home Care Nurses To Begin End-Of-Life Conversations, Angela Oujiri

Theses and Graduate Projects

In the United States, some people find the discussion of death and dying a difficult topic to discuss. This difficulty has often delayed conversations about goals and wishes until very late in the healthcare journey. Delays come with a significant cost to both patients and the entire healthcare system. Palliative care is a special type of care meant to provide an extra layer of support to patients and families who are living with serious illness; however, the practice of such care encounters has many challenges for patients, families, physicians, and nurses. Home care nurses are instrumental in the delivery of …

A Healthy Work Schedule: Improving Dynamics For Nurses’ Health, Amy Schei

Theses and Graduate Projects

Rotating shift work is an unavoidable, integral aspect of nursing at a large hospital in the Midwest; however, the fatigue involved in rotating shift work is avoidable. Research has shown how fatigue related to rotating shifts can impact nurses and ultimately affect patients. Fatigue caused by rotating shift work has been proven to decrease nurses’ levels of alertness and vigilance, which directly correlates to higher incidences of errors with patients. In addition, nurses who work rotating shifts have been proven to have problems with psycho-physical health, biological functions, and social relationships. It is through an understanding of the risks related …