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2014

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Introduction: Questioning, Challenging And Advocating: Advancing Knowledge In Composition And Rhetoric, Julia Voss, Beverly J. Moss Jan 2014

Introduction: Questioning, Challenging And Advocating: Advancing Knowledge In Composition And Rhetoric, Julia Voss, Beverly J. Moss

English

No abstract provided.


Analysis And Comparison Of Clothoid And Dubins Algorithms For Uav Trajectory Generation, Mohanad Al Nuaimi Jan 2014

Analysis And Comparison Of Clothoid And Dubins Algorithms For Uav Trajectory Generation, Mohanad Al Nuaimi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The differences between two types of pose-based UAV path generation methods clothoid and Dubins are analyzed in this thesis. The Dubins path is a combination of circular arcs and straight line segments; therefore its curvature will exhibit sudden jumps between constant values. The resulting path will have a minimum length if turns are performed at the minimum possible turn radius. The clothoid path consists of a similar combination of arcs and segments but the difference is that the clothoid arcs have a linearly variable curvature and are generated based on Fresnel integrals. Geometrically, the generation of the clothoid arc starts …


Preparation Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes And Analysis By Impedance Spectroscopy, Juwana Hennadige Lalanthi Kaushalya De Silva Jan 2014

Preparation Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes And Analysis By Impedance Spectroscopy, Juwana Hennadige Lalanthi Kaushalya De Silva

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a promising energy conversion device with high efficiency, fuel flexibility and less pollution. The requirement for high operating temperatures limits its applications due to high cost and the need for compatible cell components. Therefore, it is important to design SOFCs that operate in intermediate temperatures; which have cathodes with improved microstructures to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction. However, designing novel cathode structures needs a fundamental understanding of cell processes. Impedance spectroscopy is a very powerful tool for studying SOFCs which yields useful yet complex data due to overlapping impedance related processes. Therefore, we …


Clinical Practice Guideline For Venous Thromboembolism, Angela Miller Jan 2014

Clinical Practice Guideline For Venous Thromboembolism, Angela Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: The morbidity associated with venous thromboembolism often goes unrecognized. Identifying patient populations at risk for venous thromboembolism and implementing evidence-based guidelines can decrease the number of untoward effects of this disease. Clinical pathway guidelines are valuable tools needed by nurses in the prevention and treatment of disorders for patients. Education of the guideline can increase knowledge and understanding of what prevention, interventions, and treatment are available for the orthopaedic patient and how to apply this knowledge to everyday patient care.;Objective: To educate orthopaedic nurses on the clinical practice guidelines of thromboembolism.;Method: Incorporate the education of thromboembolism in an orthopaedic …


Female Heroism And Leadership In The Anglo-Saxon Judith, Emily Bartz Jan 2014

Female Heroism And Leadership In The Anglo-Saxon Judith, Emily Bartz

English

In this paper, I argue that the Anglo-Saxon Judith frames its titular character’s simultaneous adoption of sacred femininity and masculine heroic violence as the acceptable and necessary response to despair in the face of invasion. Judith undergoes a radical gender transformation from a hyper-feminine saint to something altogether androgynous yet celebrated and thus embodies a complex form of female heroism and leadership. Furthermore, the poem reinforces Judith’s righteousness by contrasting her with King Holofernes, whose removal from power becomes an inevitable consequence of poor leadership and character. Finally, to justify Judith’s unusual status as a heroic warrior woman, the poet …


Fault-Tolerant Trajectory Tracking Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Immunity-Based Model Reference Adaptive Control, Brenton K. Wilburn Jan 2014

Fault-Tolerant Trajectory Tracking Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Immunity-Based Model Reference Adaptive Control, Brenton K. Wilburn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation presents the design, development, and simulation testing of an adaptive trajectory tracking algorithm capable of compensating for various aircraft subsystem failures and upset conditions. A comprehensive adaptive control framework, here within referred to as the immune model reference adaptive control (IMRAC) algorithm, is developed by synergistically merging core concepts from the biologically- inspired artificial immune system (AIS) paradigm with more traditional optimal and adaptive control techniques. In particular, a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) algorithm is enhanced with the detection and learning capabilities of a novel, artificial neural network augmented AIS scheme. With the given modifications, the MRAC …


Stability Analysis Of Bleeder Entries In Underground Coal Mines Using The Displacement-Discontinuity And Finite-Difference Programs, Xu Tang Jan 2014

Stability Analysis Of Bleeder Entries In Underground Coal Mines Using The Displacement-Discontinuity And Finite-Difference Programs, Xu Tang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The stability of bleeder entries is essential for both mine ventilation and personnel travelling through the entries. Therefore, it is imperative that bleeder pillars remain stable and bleeder entries safe during their service life. Surprisingly, there are few published investigations on ground control issues in the bleeder entries. This thesis is an attempt to analyze the ground control problems in bleeder entries especially, the structural integrity of the bleeder entry. Two numerical programs (a) displacement discontinuity program-LaModel and (b) the finite difference program-FLAC were used to investigate these problems. Modeling results from the LaModel program indicated that the vertical stresses …


Electroplating Of Cr-Ni Alloy And Ni-Cr/Ni Multilayer Coatings, Liaowang Liu Jan 2014

Electroplating Of Cr-Ni Alloy And Ni-Cr/Ni Multilayer Coatings, Liaowang Liu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The major interests of developing Ni-Cr alloy plating lie in the possible formation of a passive film by chromium and its good chemical and mechanical properties. And nano scale multilayer coatings exhibit improved properties due to nano scale effects (e.g.: high hardness and strength) and they combine and enhance different properties from individual components. Thus, electroplating of Ni-Cr multilayer coatings could have high potential for numerous engineering applications. Electroplating in aqueous and in organic solution by direct current were studied for Ni-Cr alloy coatings, and Ni-Cr multilayer coatings were prepared by pulse current electroplating in single bath.

Traditionally, chromium or …


Pitting Corrosion And Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Of Oil-Grade Alloy 718 In Sodium Chloride Solution, Ting Chen Jan 2014

Pitting Corrosion And Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Of Oil-Grade Alloy 718 In Sodium Chloride Solution, Ting Chen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Oil-grade nickel-base alloy 718 has been recently used in the oil and gas industry for downhole drilling components especially for the parts of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) due to its superior mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, non-magnetic properties and ability to be heat treated to various strength levels. As the modern oil and gas industry explored into coastal and marine locations, deeper and deeper wells have been drilled with high pressure high temperature, making the demand for increased strength and good toughness super critical for alloys used in ultra-deep wells drilling. Moreover, the existence of high concentrations of chloride …


Multi-Element Analysis On Riparian Wetlands And River Sediment In North Dakota, Aida Asgary Jan 2014

Multi-Element Analysis On Riparian Wetlands And River Sediment In North Dakota, Aida Asgary

Environmental and Conservation Sciences

River sediment, transfer metals, nutrients and pollutants from various sources and tributaries within a catchment, and deposit sediment whenever the flow rate of water is low. Multi-element fingerprinting technique could provide detailed information regarding the element concentrations in the sediment deposits and riparian soil. During summer 2011 riparian soil and sediment samples were collected from the Red, Sheyenne, James, Missouri and Little Missouri Rivers in North Dakota to evaluate the suitability of multi-element fingerprinting method to assess the element variations. During summer 2012, sediment deposits from the Red, Sheyenne and Turtle Rivers were collected to study the tributary contributions (Sheyenne …


Alfven Wave Propagation In Inhomogeneous Plasmas, Stephanie Sears Jan 2014

Alfven Wave Propagation In Inhomogeneous Plasmas, Stephanie Sears

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Damping of Alfven waves is one of the most likely mechanisms for ion heating in the solar corona. Density gradients have significant but poorly-understood effects on energy transfer and Alfven wave propagation in partially ionized plasmas, such as those found in the solar chromosphere. Reflection of Alfven waves at density and magnetic field gradients can give rise to turbulence which sustains particle heating. The density profile in the Hot hELIcon eXperiment (HELIX) varies strongly with radius, giving access to a wide range of Alfven dynamics across the plasma column and providing an ideal environment to observe Alfven wave-driven particle heating.;A …


Factors That Are Associated With Readiness To Transition From Pediatric To Adult Health Care In Cystic Fibrosis, Lindsay A. Corman Jan 2014

Factors That Are Associated With Readiness To Transition From Pediatric To Adult Health Care In Cystic Fibrosis, Lindsay A. Corman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Life expectancy of patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) has been increasing, with most children with CF expected to live at least into middle age adult years. Consequently, the majority of patients with CF will have to transition from a pediatric to an adult clinic. Unfortunately, few transition programs exist that attend to the physical, developmental, and psychological factors of adolescents with CF who need to transfer to adult clinics. Moreover, to date, there is a dearth of quantitative research that has been conducted to assess factors that may influence readiness to transition. The purpose of this study is to examine …


Solid State Formation Of Calcium Carbide, Patrick Egbele Iyere Jan 2014

Solid State Formation Of Calcium Carbide, Patrick Egbele Iyere

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Acetylene is known as an essential chemical building block with increasing prominent applications as a raw material in the production of important organic compounds. An indirect method used to synthesize acetylene is through the decomposition of CaC2 in the presence of water. The current work investigated a process for the synthesis of calcium carbide via a solid-state reaction route and the general kinetics of the reaction was characterized. The calcium carbide was synthesized by conventional and microwave heating (6 kW, 2.45GHz) of micron-sized calcium oxide and carbon powders in argon. The temperature range for these reactions was between 1000--1800°C. The …


Nano-Derived Sensors For High-Temperature Sensing Of H2, So2 And H2s, Engin Ciftyurek Jan 2014

Nano-Derived Sensors For High-Temperature Sensing Of H2, So2 And H2s, Engin Ciftyurek

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The emission of sulfur compounds from coal-fired power plants remains a significant concern for air quality. This environmental challenge must be overcome by controlling the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) throughout the entire coal combustion process. One of the processes which could specifically benefit from robust, low cost, and high temperature compatible gas sensors is the coal gasification process which converts coal and/or biomass into syngas. Hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur compounds make up 33%, 43% and 2% of syngas, respectively. Therefore, development of a high temperature (>500°C) chemical sensor for in-situ monitoring …


Reservoirs Modeling Of Gas Hydrate Deposits In North Slope Of Alaska And Gulf Of Mexico, Manohar Gaddipati Jan 2014

Reservoirs Modeling Of Gas Hydrate Deposits In North Slope Of Alaska And Gulf Of Mexico, Manohar Gaddipati

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order to address the world's growing energy demand, the necessity to explore more and more unconventional sources of energy arises. Recently there has been increased interest in the potential of natural gas hydrates as an alternate energy resource. Methane hydrates are crystalline solids, very similar to ice, in which non-polar molecules are trapped inside the cages formed by water molecules. Methane hydrates could be potentially a vast source of energy. The production of natural gas from hydrates economically poses a big challenge to today's scientific world. Two sites for greatest potential for gas production from gas hydrates as identified …


Gender And Financial Risk Tolerance Across The Life Span, Philip Lemaster Jan 2014

Gender And Financial Risk Tolerance Across The Life Span, Philip Lemaster

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Past research indicates that men tend to be more financially risk tolerant than women, and declines in self-reported risk tolerance are common with age. A life-span sample of adult men and women were recruited to investigate these gender- and age-related patterns using an ecologically valid measure of financial risk tolerance. As previously found, men reported greater risk tolerance than women, and risk tolerance declined with age. Biological mechanisms, such as testosterone, are often implicated in men's tendency to be more financially risk tolerant than women. In the present study, psychological gender mechanisms (i.e., masculine traits and roles, feminine traits, gender …


Optimization Of An Optical Thermal Absorber Plasmonic Metamaterial: Understanding The Two Particle Interactions, Anitesh Anand Lal Jan 2014

Optimization Of An Optical Thermal Absorber Plasmonic Metamaterial: Understanding The Two Particle Interactions, Anitesh Anand Lal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In the recent years, the emergence of electromagnetic metamaterials (MMs) have ushered in an exciting new field with many promising applications in direct energy conversion. One of the more promising applications of MMs is the ability to fully harness the solar energy through the design of a perfect electromagnetic absorber. Electromagnetic MMs posses the ability to manipulate a material's response resulting in augmented properties such as negative index of refraction, artificial permittivity, and permeability. One of the proven methods for the construction of electromagnetic metamaterials is to use a metal-dielectric composite whereby the electromagnetic response is governed by oscillating surface …


Desired Leadership Styles In Classroom And Court: Comparing Ideal Coaching And Teaching Styles Of Collegiate Student-Athletes, Elzbieta Klein Jan 2014

Desired Leadership Styles In Classroom And Court: Comparing Ideal Coaching And Teaching Styles Of Collegiate Student-Athletes, Elzbieta Klein

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to compare student-athletes' ideal coaching leadership styles and teaching leadership styles. Further, this study examined the relationship between student-athletes' level of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness and their ideal leadership styles. Student-athletes (N=67) were surveyed about their ideal coaching and teaching leadership styles and their communication traits. The averages of each leadership styles were compared to rank them from most ideal to least ideal. Student-athletes prefer the leadership styles of Paternalistic, Democratic, and Transformational for coaches and the leadership styles of Laissez-Faire and Transactional for teachers. Student-athletes' argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness were related to some …


Evaluation Of Hydrotreated Biofuels For Use In Naval Diesel Engines, Cory J. Morgan Jan 2014

Evaluation Of Hydrotreated Biofuels For Use In Naval Diesel Engines, Cory J. Morgan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In recent years the U.S. Navy has developed several energy goals to displace foreign petroleum-derived fuels. One of these goals involves replacing existing fuels with alternative hydrotreated biofuels. Hydrotreated biofuels are a second generation renewable diesel fuel and generally have similar fuel properties and characteristics as petroleum-derived fuels. The U.S Navy is currently investigating several alternative biofuels including HRJ5, HRD76, DSH76, and HDCD76. To ensure these fuels perform similarly to or better than petroleum fuels, the U.S. developed a fuel specification program. Part of this program involves preliminary evaluations of the alternative biofuels in a laboratory environment to identify negative …


The Effect Of A Six Week Functional Training Program On Performance Outcomes In Softball, Zachary M. Mohondro Jan 2014

The Effect Of A Six Week Functional Training Program On Performance Outcomes In Softball, Zachary M. Mohondro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Context: Functional training for overhead throwing in softball is an area that has yet to be explored in research. Despite inclusion of functional training in current rehabilitation and strength and conditioning programs, few studies have examined the implementation of progressions, and the benefits therein. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a functional training program on performance outcomes. Design: This study was a 2 x 2 factorial design with group (experimental and control) and time (pre and post). This was a case control repeated measures design. The dependent variables are the functional training performance index, …


Corridos, Drugs, And Violence: An Analysis Of Mexican Drug Ballads, Kristen L. Richmond Jan 2014

Corridos, Drugs, And Violence: An Analysis Of Mexican Drug Ballads, Kristen L. Richmond

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Narcocorridos, or Mexican drug ballads, are a contemporary form of the corrido connected to banda music in the northern part of Mexico and along the border in the United States. The narcocorrido is sometimes compared to gangsta rap due to its exciting narratives of drug traffickers who rose above poor socio-economic conditions to become powerful and wealthy figures in the drug trade. The stories reflected in Mexican drug ballads highlight the lifestyle of drug lords and aspects of the drug trade that are imbued with violence. Narcocorrido lyrics focus on misfortunes and death while referencing events related to illegal criminal …


Modeling Of Caprock Seal Failure Due To Fluid Injection, Hari Kiran Nambu Jan 2014

Modeling Of Caprock Seal Failure Due To Fluid Injection, Hari Kiran Nambu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The past, present, and projected trends of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration levels in the atmosphere have raised serious concerns about global warming. Several efforts are being made to stabilize the current levels of CO2 emissions. Geologic sequestration of CO2 in deep saline aquifers is considered to be one of the potential options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. A tight, low-permeability caprock layer overlying the CO2-targeted reservoir limits the upward migration of CO2 and acts as a primary seal layer to trap CO 2. Large volumes of fluid or CO2 injected in the subsurface may over-pressurize the …


The Denaturalization Of Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra's El Igenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote De La Mancha In Children's Entertainment In The United States, Danielle Vincenza South Jan 2014

The Denaturalization Of Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra's El Igenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote De La Mancha In Children's Entertainment In The United States, Danielle Vincenza South

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Versions of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra's El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha for United States children have been adapted to fit the North American target market. This research aims to identify what changes have occurred and the impact the United States' cultural touch could have on the comprehension of the original text. In the analysis to follow, the four chosen works, two books and two cartoons, demonstrate American beliefs that appeal to the intended audience. One book, entitled Adventures of Don Quixote written by Argentina Palacios, conveys the concept of the American Dream to her readers. UB IWERKS's …


The Role Of Self-Efficacy In Predicting Treatment Adherence In Youth With Cystic Fibrosis, Margo M. Szabo Jan 2014

The Role Of Self-Efficacy In Predicting Treatment Adherence In Youth With Cystic Fibrosis, Margo M. Szabo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) demonstrate relatively poor treatment adherence in comparison to other age groups, which can lead to adverse health outcomes. Though previous research has examined various factors associated with treatment adherence in pediatric CF samples, no studies to date have explored the interrelations among self-efficacy, parental style, level of responsibility for CF care, and treatment adherence in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-efficacy, parental style, and level of responsibility for CF care in predicting treatment adherence in adolescents with CF. A sample of 59 adolescents with CF (M …


Examining Childbirth-Related Trauma And Its Effect On Maternal Self-Efficacy And Appraisal Of Infant Temperament, Teresa B. Stire Jan 2014

Examining Childbirth-Related Trauma And Its Effect On Maternal Self-Efficacy And Appraisal Of Infant Temperament, Teresa B. Stire

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

It is estimated that 3--9% of women will meet full diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth, with another 20 to 40% being partially symptomatic for the disorder. While precedents and associated factors leading to childbirth related PTSD have been fairly well researched, the postpartum outcomes such as the mother's perception of herself in the parenting role, and her appraisal of her infant's temperament have been far less studied. Other psychiatric disorders have been linked to lower estimations of parental self efficacy and more negative views of infant temperament. This study examined childbirth related trauma and its effect …


Microfluidic Gradient Device For Studying The Mesothelial Cells' Migration And Effects Of Carbon Nanotubes Chronic Exposure, Hanyuan Zhang Jan 2014

Microfluidic Gradient Device For Studying The Mesothelial Cells' Migration And Effects Of Carbon Nanotubes Chronic Exposure, Hanyuan Zhang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cell migration is one of the crucial steps in many human physiological events and diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have shown that carbon nanotubes (CNTs), like asbestos, can induce accelerated cell growth and invasiveness that contribute to their mesothelioma pathogenicity. Malignant mesothelioma is a very aggressive tumor that develops from cells of the mesothelium, and is most commonly caused by exposure to asbestos. CNTs have similar structure and mode of exposure to asbestos. This has raised a particular concern regarding the potential carcinogenicity of CNTs, especially in the pleural spaces, which are key target tissues for asbestos-related diseases.;In this thesis, …


"I Feel That Our House Is The Future As Well As The Past": Architecture, Monumentality And Form In The Modernist Novel, Harrington Weihl Jan 2014

"I Feel That Our House Is The Future As Well As The Past": Architecture, Monumentality And Form In The Modernist Novel, Harrington Weihl

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Questions of how literary modernism and literary realism can be distinguished from one another, particularly in the transitional period at the beginning of the twentieth century, are central concerns in the study of literature. I argue here that in E.M. Forster's 1913 novel Howards End, the 'monumentality' of the titular house is the key to its inclusion in the modernist canon. This monumentality is incomplete, I claim, and as such formally replicates the impossibility of comprehending or representing modern life. I conclude with a similar reading of Elizabeth Bowen's 1929 novel The Last September in order to demonstrate that this …


Effects Of The Popcorn Flavorings, Diacetyl And 2,3-Pentanedione, In The Airways, Eric J. Zaccone Jan 2014

Effects Of The Popcorn Flavorings, Diacetyl And 2,3-Pentanedione, In The Airways, Eric J. Zaccone

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

"Popcorn workers' lung" (PWL) is a bronchiolitis obliterans-like obstructive disease caused by inhalation of butter flavoring vapor during the manufacture of microwave popcorn. Lung function tests of employees at several microwave popcorn plants revealed that the severity of abnormal lung function correlated with increasing cumulative exposure to the butter flavorant, diacetyl. Recently, the diacetyl substitute, 2,3-pentanedione, has also been identified as a respiratory hazard. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) demonstrated in rats that inhalation of occupationally-relevant concentrations of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione vapor for 6 h resulted in airway epithelial necrosis and apoptosis in the nasal passages …


Influence Of Geochemical Processes On The Geomechanical Response Of The Overburden Due To Co2 Storage In Saline Aquifers, Sai Bharath Kumar Varre Jan 2014

Influence Of Geochemical Processes On The Geomechanical Response Of The Overburden Due To Co2 Storage In Saline Aquifers, Sai Bharath Kumar Varre

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Saline aquifers have been identified as desirable geologic formations, suitable for the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in large amounts. While the impermeable caprock layer(s) in the overburden provide(s) the primary trap for injected carbon dioxide, other trapping mechanisms, such as solubility, residual, ionic or mineral trapping, help contribute to CO2 storage. Geochemical reactions alter the petrophysical properties such as porosity in the target reservoir, and may have an influence on the reservoir storage capacity. When CO2 is injected for long periods of time, it changes the fluid pressures and the overburden geomechanical response. The geomechanical response associated with time-dependent …


The Role Of The Error Correction Journal On The Written Performance Of Foreign Language Students, Budimka Uskokovic Tenney Jan 2014

The Role Of The Error Correction Journal On The Written Performance Of Foreign Language Students, Budimka Uskokovic Tenney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study focuses on the effects of error recording and analysis in the form of an Error Correction Journal (ECJ) on the linguistic accuracy of students of German and on their motivation to learn the language. It focuses on three groups of students, one that completed the ECJ, one that received coded feedback, and one that was given direct correction. The goal of the study was to check for improved accuracy and increased motivation based on the use of a journal to analyze and to raise awareness about errors. Through the use of the ECJ, students became more aware of …