Digital Commons Network^™

Is Arginine Oral Supplement Effective On Wound Healing In Adult Patients With Stage Ii, Iii And Iv Pressure Ulcers?, Camilla Chou

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the addition of arginine protein supplementation is effective in wound healing of adult patients with stage II, III and IV pressure ulcers.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three English language primary studies. One observation controlled study and two randomized controlled studies all published between 2010- 2012.

DATA SOURCES: Two double blind randomized controlled trials and one observational controlled trial comparing the efficacy of arginine supplementation in wound healing of adult patients with stage II, III and IV pressure ulcers. All research articles were …

Does Electroanalgesic Therapy Decrease Neuropathic Pain In Diabetic Patients?, Michelle A. Lee

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not use of electroanalgesic therapy decreases neuropathic pain symptoms in diabetic patients

STUDY DESIGN: Review of a 2 randomized control trial published in 2013 and 2011 published in the English language and an observational study published in 2010 in the German language translated into English.

DATA SOURCES: One randomized, double-blind control trial comparing frequency-modulated electromagnetic stimulation vs placebo in reduction of diabetic neuropathic pain, one randomized, control trial comparing microcurrent transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation vs placebo in reduction of painful diabetic neuropathy and a observational …

Are Linoleic Acid Supplements Beneficial In Increasing Growth In Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients?, Sarah M. Saporito

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Are linoleic acid supplements beneficial in increasing growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English primary studies published between 1995 and 2000.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized control trial and one controlled clinical trial were used. Studies were found using PubMed and Cochrane Databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Primary outcomes measured include the taste, smell, and appearance of the supplement and the growth of the cystic fibrosis patients.

RESULTS: In Steinkamp G, Demmelmair et al., the treatment group grew in its weight-for-height; whereas, …

Is Polydextrose A Beneficial Supplement For Gastrointestinal Health And Maintenance Of A Healthy Body Weight?, Katharine Reilly

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine if polydextrose is a beneficial supplement for gastrointestinal health and maintenance of a healthy body weight

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled studies published from 2000-2011.

DATA SOURCES: All studies were double blind randomized control trials and found using one search+ and EBSCO host through the PCOM library webpage.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes measured in each study were based on subjective evaluations of ease of defecation, ease of stool passage, and feelings of fullness.

RESULTS: Only one of the three …

Is Aztreonam Lysine For Inhalation Effective In The Treatment Of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Airway Infection?, Christine Shevchenko

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not aztreonam lysine for inhalation is effective in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trials published in 2008, 2009, and 2011.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies using Cochrane and Pubmed databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Patient oriented outcomes measured included change in respiratory symptoms measured by the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised and need for additional anti-pseudomonal antibiotics indicative of pulmonary exacerbation.

RESULTS: In both cystic fibrosis (CF) …

Does The Injection Of Botulinum Toxin Improve Symptoms In Patients With Gastroparesis?, Jillian Solomon

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selected EBM review is to determine whether or not the injection of botulinum toxin improves symptoms in patients with gastroparesis.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two published, double blind randomized controlled trials and one published, open label pilot study were used for this review, which were found on PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome was the change in gastroparesis-associated symptoms, which was measured using the Gastroparesis Cardinal Scale Index (GCSI) and Gastroparesis Questionnaire. In the two double blind, randomized controlled trials by Arts et al. and Friendenberg et al., symptoms were quantified using the …

Is A Low Glycemic Index Diet An Effective Treatment Regimen For Acne Vulgaris In Adolescents And Young Adults Ages 15-30?, Gina C. Tomkus

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not a low glycemic index (Low GI) diet is an effective treatment for acne vulgaris in adolescents and young adults ages 15-30.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of two randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial and one parallel clinical trial published in peer-reviewed journals.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized double blind clinical trials and one parallel clinical trial published in 2007, 2012, and 2010 respectively. The sources studying the use of a low glycemic index diet as a therapeutic intervention for acne vulgaris were obtained …

Does Epigallocatechin Gallate Improve Mood In Heathly Adults?, Bethany J. Wong

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) improves mood in healthy adults.

STUDY DESIGN: A review of three peer-reviewed journal articles written in the English language published between 2009 and 2012.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies comparing the effect of EGCG to placebo on mood were found using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Outcomes measured in the studies included change in mood. Patient ratings of mood were measured using Mood Visual Analog Scales (Mood VAS), the University of Wales Institute of Science and …

Is The Addition Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids To Other Treatment Methods Effective In Reducing Pain In Adult Patients With Osteoarthritis?, Lisa C. Martin

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: Is the addition of Omega-3 fatty acids to other treatment methods effective in reducing pain in adult patients with osteoarthritis?

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three published, double blind, randomized controlled trials were used for this review and were selected based on their relevance to the clinical question.

DATA SOURCE: The most recent randomized control trials examining the relief of osteoarthritic pain with intake of omega-3 fatty acids in addition to traditional medical therapies were found using Medline, PubMed, and OVID databases.

OUTCOME MEASURED: Relief of osteoarthritic pain with the addition of omega-3 fatty acids to …

Population Structure Of Geosmithia Morbida, The Causal Agent Of Thousand Cankers Disease Of Walnut Trees In The United States, Marcelo M. Zerillo, Jorge Ibarra Caballero, Keith E. Woeste, Andrew D. Graves, Colleen Hartel, Jay W. Pscheidt, Jadelys Tonos, Kirk Broders, Whitney Cranshaw, Steven J. Seybold, Ned Tisserat

Department of Forestry & Natural Resources Faculty Publications

The ascomycete Geosmithia morbida and the walnut twig beetle Pityophthorus juglandis are associated with thousand cankers disease of Juglans (walnut) and Pterocarya (wingnut). The disease was first reported in the western United States (USA) on several Juglans species, but has been found more recently in the eastern USA in the native range of the highly susceptible Juglans nigra. We performed a comprehensive population genetic study of 209 G. morbida isolates collected from Juglans and Pterocarya from 17 geographic regions distributed across 12 U.S. states. The study was based on sequence typing of 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms from three genomic …

Correction: Comparative Analysis Of Fungal Genomes Reveals Different Plant Cell Wall Degrading Capacity In Fungi, Zhongtao Zhao, Huiquan Liu, Chenfang Wang, Jin-Rong Xu

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Readers are alerted that there is currently a discussion regarding the use of some of the unpublished genomic data presented in this manuscript. Appropriate editorial action will be taken once this matter is resolved.

Background

Fungi produce a variety of carbohydrate activity enzymes (CAZymes) for the degradation of plant polysaccharide materials to facilitate infection and/or gain nutrition. Identifying and comparing CAZymes from fungi with different nutritional modes or infection mechanisms may provide information for better understanding of their life styles and infection models. To date, over hundreds of fungal genomes are publicly available. However, a systematic comparative analysis of fungal …

The Efficacy Of Prostaglandin Synthase Inhibition On Attenuating Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Krishna T. Nagalla

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chronic hypertension has long been known to cause left ventricular remodeling. Although previous studies pointed towards inflammation as the pathological driver of cardiac remodeling, the exact mechanistic pathway associated with pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling remains to be elucidated. In order to address this issue, we designed this study to determine pathways associated with pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling and identify therapeutic targets to attenuate this maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Rats with surgically constricted abdominal aorta were used as an animal model for pressure overload and associated Left ventricular (LV) structure and functional changes were measured by pressure-volume admittance catheterization. Human cardiac …

Mass Diffusion Coefficient Of Desiccants For Dehumdification Applications: Silica Aerogels And Silica Aerogel Coatings On Metal Foams, Kashif Nawaz, Shelly J. Schmidt, Anthony M. Jacobi

International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference

Silica aerogels prepared by the sol-gel process are often used as solid desiccants in enthalpy wheels for dehumidifying ventilation air in air-conditioning systems. These hygroscopic materials have good moisture adsorption and desorption characteristics due to their porous structure. The current study is focused on the evaluation of the mass diffusivity of solid silica aerogels and silica aerogel coatings on substrates, which determines the rate at which a dehumidification process can be performed. The mass diffusivity of silica aerogels is affected by their porous structure which depends on the synthesis technique used to prepare the silica aerogels. The sol-gel process is …

The Influence Of National Culture On Effectiveness Of Safety Trainings During Postdisaster Reconstruction, Kevin R. Grosskopf, Behzad Esmaeili, Amy Javernick-Will

International Institute for Infrastructure Resilience and Reconstruction (I3R2) Conference

Non-English speaking workers constitute a disproportionately high number of workers involved in postdisaster reconstruction. Additionally, the rate of fatality among these workers is higher than the industry average. Research shows this population is more prone to unsafe behaviors in the working environment, conceivably because many of these workers are sent into the field prior to any formalized training. Recent studies show that the native culture of construction workers can impact risk-taking behavior. While numerous researchers have attempted to develop training materials for Hispanic workers, the number of studies that consider the impact of native culture on safety behavior is minimal. …

Estimating Gesture Accuracy In Motion-Based Health Games, Christian Barrett, Jacob Brown, Jay Hartford, Michael Hoerter, Andrew Kennedy, Ray Hassan, David M. Whittinghill

Computer Graphics Technology Faculty Publications

This manuscript details a technique for estimating gesture accuracy within the context of motion-based health video games using the MICROSOFT KINECT. We created a physical therapy game that requires players to imitate clinically significant reference gestures. Player performance is represented by the degree of similarity between the performed and reference gestures and is quantified by collecting the Euler angles of the player’s gestures, converting them to a threedimensional vector, and comparing the magnitude between the vectors. Lower difference values represent greater gestural correspondence and therefore greater player performance. A group of thirty-one subjects was tested. Subjects achieved gestural correspondence sufficient …

Different Oral Sensitivities To And Sensations Of Short-, Medium-, And Long-Chain Fatty Acids In Humans, Cordelia Running, Richard D. Mattes

Department of Nutrition Science Faculty Publications

Fatty acids that vary in chain length and degree of unsaturation have different effects on metabolism and human health. As evidence for a “taste” of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) accumulates, it may be hypothesized that fatty acid structures will also influence oral sensations. The present study examined oral sensitivity to caproic (C6), lauric (C12), and oleic (C18:1) acids over repeated visits. Analyses were also conducted on textural properties of NEFA emulsions and blank solutions. Oral thresholds for caproic acid were lower compared with oleic acid. Lauric acid thresholds were intermediate but not significantly different from either, likely due to lingering …

Study Of Chaotic Ultrasound And Frequency Sweep Excitations In Sonic Ir Nde Technology, Ding Zhang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) technology has shown inherent advantages, such as fast detection for all direction and all dimension flaws, for both metal and composite materials. The purpose of this dissertation is to study and investigate the physical process of two most important methods, frequency sweep excitation and chaotic excitation, to improve the defect detection ability of Sonic IR technology.

The tool used in our study is known as finite element analysis (FEA). According to test process of Sonic IR technology, some special technologies were developed in FEA simulation, such as creating cracks with flat contact surfaces …

The Effect Of Body Position On Cerebral Bllod Flow, Cognition, Cardiac Output, Map,And Motor Function In Patients Undergoing Shoulder Surgery : Lateral Versus Beach Chair Position Under General Anesthesia, Kelley Labonty

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

The Effect of Body Position on Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow, Cognition, and Motor Function in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Surgery: Lateral versus Beach Chair Position Under General Anesthesia

By

KELLEY LABONTY

December 2013

Advisor: Dr. Steven Cala

Major: Physiology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

This study aims to determine if there are alterations in cerebral perfusion in patients undergoing general anesthesia in the sitting position. With the reporting of 15 catastrophic cerebral vascular accidents recently being published during shoulder surgery in the sitting position, an increase of 90 times from previously reported data, there has become a clear need for …

The Modulation Of Mucosal Immune Markers, Urs, And Psychological Parameters Following Acute And Chronic Exercise, Carole Ann Sloan

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate changes in two antimicrobial markers, upper respiratory symptom (URS) variables, and mood state following participation in an acute (N = 93) and chronic (N = 88) observational study of college aerobic exercise, yoga exercise, and non-exercise classes.

METHODS: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected pre/post-acute (50 minutes) and pre/midpoint/post-chronic (12 weeks) during the study period. Saliva was analyzed for salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and salivary alpha amylase (SAA) using protocols and assay kits by Salimetrics, upper respiratory symptoms (URS) were evaluated using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS), and mood states were …

Economic Analysis Of Preventive Care Utilization Among Older Adults, Boon Peng Ng

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation seeks to examine the economic determinants of the use of preventive services among older adults. It contains two studies that focus on the effects of public health policy and health shocks on the initiation of use of preventive services among older adults.

In January 2005, Medicare began covering a one-time initial preventive physical examination (IPPE), also called a "Welcome to Medicare" visit, for new beneficiaries. This benefit was only available during a beneficiary's first six months after enrolling in Part B. The first study examines the effects of covering an IPPE on the use of mammograms, breast self-exams, …

The Growing Power Of Healthcare Ethics Committees Heightens Due Process Concerns, Thaddeus Mason Pope

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

Complex ethical situations, such as end-of-life medical treatment disputes, occur on a regular basis in healthcare settings. Healthcare ethics committees (HECs) have been a leading dispute resolution forum for many of these conflicts. But while the function of HECs has evolved from mediation to adjudication, the form of HECs has not evolved to adapt to this expanded and more consequential function.

Bioethics Mediation At The End Of Life: Opportunities And Limitations, Ellen Waldman

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

Medical advances in a wide variety of areas are helping more and more elderly people live longer. When hearts, lungs and kidneys failed in the past, death came swiftly and without discussion. Today, failing organs mobilize a sophisticated arsenal of medical technology designed to keep death at bay.

Two Soybean Plant Introductions Display Slow Leaf Wilting And Reduced Yield Loss Under Drought, S. M. Pathan, J.-D Lee, D. A. Sleper, F. B. Fritschi, R. E. Sharp, T. E. Carter Jr., R. L. Nelson, C. A. King, W. T. Schapaugh, M. R. Ellersieck, H. T. Nguyen, J. G. Shannon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Due to high costs of irrigation, limited availability of irrigation water in many locations and/or lack of irrigation capabilities, genetic improvement for drought tolerance is an effective method to reduce yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Slow wilting and minimal yield reduction under drought are important traits in evaluating drought tolerance. Two maturity group III soybean plant introductions (PIs, PI 567690 and PI 567731) and two elite cultivars (DKB38-52 and Pana) were evaluated with and without irrigation on a sandy soil. Drought was imposed by withholding irrigation at full bloom and continued until moderate wilting was shown by …

Use Of Robust Multivariate Linear Mixed Models For Estimation Of Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits In Beef Cattle, S. O. Peters, K. Kizilkaya, D. J. Garrick, R. L. Fernando, E. J. Pollak, R. Mark Enns, M. De Donato, O. O. Ajayi, I. G. Imumorin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Assumptions of normality of residuals for carcass evaluation may make inferences vulnerable to the presence of outliers, but heavy-tail densities are viable alternatives to normal distributions and provide robustness against unusual or outlying observations when used to model the densities of residual effects. We compare estimates of genetic parameters by fitting multivariate Normal (MN) or heavy-tail distributions (multivariate Student’s t and multivariate Slash, MSt and MS) for residuals in data of hot carcass weight (HCW), longissimus muscle area (REA) and 12th to 13th rib fat (FAT) traits in beef cattle using 2475 records from 2007 to 2008 from a large …

Effects Of Including Saponins (Micro-Aid®) On Intake, Rumenfermentation And Digestibility In Steers Fed Low-Qualityprairie Hay, C. P. Murphy, A. J. Sexten, G. L. Mourer, E. D. Sharman, S. J. Trojan, M. J. Rinker, W. K. Coblentz, D. L. Lalman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sixteen ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (529 ± 45 kg initial body weight, BW) wereused to evaluate in situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and N degrada-tion characteristics of low-quality prairie hay, blood urea-N (BUN) and rumen fermentationparameters in steers provided a protein supplement with or without Micro-Aid^®(MA; plantderived saponin). Steers were allowed ad libitum access to chopped prairie hay (49 g crudeprotein (CP)/kg DM and 738 g aNDF/kg DM) and randomly assigned to one of four treat-ments: (1) no supplement (C), (2) cottonseed meal and wheat middlings: 920 g DM/d (PC;positive control), (3) MA added to …

Inter-Relationships Of Cotton Plant Height, Canopy Width, Ground Coverand Plant Nitrogen Status Indicators, F. M. Muharam, K. F. Bronson, S. J. Maas, G. L. Ritchie

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Petiole-NO₃, leaf N and chlorophyll (SPAD) meter readings are good in-season indicators of the N statusof the uppermost part of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Petiole-NO₃, particularly is widely used inthe USA as an in-season plant N test that guides N fertilizer recommendations in cotton. However, theseN status indicators do not take account of plant biomass, canopy width or percent cover. The objectives ofthis study were to assess the effect of N fertilizer rates on the commonly used indicators of plant N status;leaf N, petiole sap NO₃and chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings and …

Effects Of Including Saponins (Micro-Aid®) On Intake, Rumenfermentation And Digestibility In Steers Fed Low-Qualityprairie Hay, C P. Mcmurphy, A J. Sexten, G L. Mourer, E D. Sharman, S J. Trojan, M J. Rincker, W K. Coblentz, D L. Lalman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sixteen ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (529 ± 45 kg initial body weight, BW) wereused to evaluate in situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and N degrada-tion characteristics of low-quality prairie hay, blood urea-N (BUN) and rumen fermentationparameters in steers provided a protein supplement with or without Micro-Aid®(MA; plantderived saponin). Steers were allowed ad libitum access to chopped prairie hay (49 g crudeprotein (CP)/kg DM and 738 g aNDF/kg DM) and randomly assigned to one of four treat-ments: (1) no supplement (C), (2) cottonseed meal and wheat middlings: 920 g DM/d (PC;positive control), (3) MA added to PC to …

Selection For Biomass Yield In Upland, Lowland, And Hybrid Switchgrass, Michael D. Casler, Kenneth P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a candidate for cellulosic bioenergy feedstock development in many parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Breeding for increased biomass yield is a viable and desirable research objective to improve both economic and energy yields per hectare. The objectives of this study were to estimate progress from (i) selection for biomass yield in upland switchgrass, (ii) selection for winter survival, biomass yield, and biomass quality in lowland switchgrass, and (iii) advanced-generation heterosis effects in four upland × lowland hybrid switchgrass populations. Selection for increased biomass yield in upland switchgrass resulted in mean genetic gains …

Characterization Of Prolylcarboxypeptidase Expression Pattern In Rat Cardiomyocytes In Nutrition Overload Conditions, Tahmineh Tabrizian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is a serine protease that cleaves the last amino acid at the carboxy-terminus of peptides with a penultimate proline such as angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin III (Ang III), prekallikrein (PK) and α-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (1-13) (α-MSH1-13). By inactivating Ang II and Ang III, PRCP promotes vasodilation and insulin sensitivity. As well by activating PK, PRCP increases nitric oxide (NO) generation and vasorelaxation through bradykinin (BK) liberation from high molecular weight kininogen (HK). PK is activated to kallikrein by PRCP, implicating a role for PRCP in the coagulation pathway. The resultant kallikrein will activate FXII which in a reciprocal manner …

Secondary Metabolite Production By An Endophytic Bacillus Sp. From Platanus Occidentalis, Michael C. James

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Endophytes are bacterial and fungal microbes that live inside of plant tissue without causing disease. Endophytes have applications in many industries including the pharmaceutical and food industries as producers of natural products. This potential was demonstrated by investigating the natural product production from a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens endophyte of Platanus occidentalis using a combination of MALDI-IMS, LC-MS, MS-MS, and NMR methods, by purifying nicotianamine from soy flour, and by reviewing natural product inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The secondary metabolite production of the endophytic B. amyloliquefaciens was investigated under a variety of fermentation conditions. It was discovered that the …