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Functional Elements In Patent Claims, As Construed By The Patent Trial And Appeal Board (Ptab), 13 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 251 (2014), Tom Brody

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Claims in patents include both structural elements and functional elements. Functional elements occur in various categories: (1) Functional elements that mandate a particular range of structures that are able to perform the required function; (2) Functional elements that mandate a particular cooperation between structures; (3) Compound noun/function functional elements, (4) Active-type functional elements; (5) “Capable of”-type functional elements, (6) Single-word structural elements that are typical nouns, but that are also functional elements, e.g., “plasticizer,” and (7) Quasi-functional elements that lack any patentable weight. This article discloses which of these types of functional elements confers the broadest claim scope, and which …

A Scientific Approach To Intellectual Property And Health: Innovation, Access, And A Forgotten Corner Of The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights, 13 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 794 (2014), Adam Houston

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

For years, there has been vigorous debate over the relationship between intellectual property and health, especially in the context of pharmaceutical patents. Despite numerous attempts to strike a balance between innovation and access, however, few have looked to Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for guidance. Article 27, and its further elaboration and codification under Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, explicitly address this balance by pairing the right of everyone “to share in scientific advancement and its benefits” with a similarly universal right of authors to “material interests resulting” from …

Protecting Traditional Knowledge In International Intellectual Property Law: Imperatives For Protection And Choice Of Modalities, 14 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 25 (2014), Tesh Dagne

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The need for protecting traditional knowledge (TK) has been acknowledged in discussion and negotiations under the umbrella of a number of inter-governmental organizations that deal with biodiversity, the environment, indigenous peoples’ rights, human rights, food and agriculture, among others. It has, however, proved difficult to arrive at a consensus on the proper modality that can serve the needs and desires of Indigenous and Local Communities (ILCs) in their economic and cultural participation. The article examines the imperatives for the protection of TK and explores the modalities of TK protection at the international level for regulating the control of, access to …

Comparing Distance-Based Vs. Time-Based Exercise Prescriptions Of Walking And Running For Improvement Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Cody Edward Morris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The many benefits of participation in a regular physical activity program are well-documented (Haskell et al., 2007; Pate et al., 1995). Brisk walking and jogging are commodes of exercise that is easily measured and evaluated by a self-report method that is comin both clinical and research settings. Some research has suggested that walking for distance as opposed to walking for time may be a stronger predictor of overall amount of accumulated exercise or physical activity (Williams, 2012a). To our knowledge, research has not been conducted directly comparing a distance-based versus time-based brisk walking prescription for the improvement of cardiovascular risk …

The Journal Of Undergraduate Research: Volume 12

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

This is the complete issue of the South Dakota State University Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume 12.

Testing The Delivery Of An Interactive Second Grade Nutrition Education Curriculum, Kaitlyn Hemmingson

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Childhood obesity rates in the United States are alarming. Interventions incorporating nutrition education and physical activity are important for initiating behavior changes that may reduce the risk of childhood obesity and future health complications. The availability of nutrition curriculum for use in a second grade audience is limited. For this project, a nutrition education curriculum for second grade students was developed and tested over a two-week period in the fall of 2013. Six second grade classrooms (N=118) received four 20-minute interactive nutrition lessons. Lesson topics included: My Plate, Handy Portions, Sugar Shockers, and MyTray. Pre and post assessments of nutrition …

Prediction Of Feeding Difficulties In Post-Operative Neonates, Alexandra Adler

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to determine whether feeding difficulties in post-operative neonates correlate with intraoperative findings.

A retrospective study of neonates undergoing gastrointestinal surgery between January 2002 and December 2005 was performed. Operative notes were used to classify infants into four groups based on post-operative anatomy and anticipated intestinal function: class 1: anatomically normal/normal function (n=22); class 2: anatomically normal/dysfunction (n=21); class 3: anatomically short/normal function (n=31); and class 4: anatomically short/dysfunction (n=21). Class 3 was further divided into two subgroups based on ostomy location: proximal ostomy (class 3a, n=11) vs. distal ileostomy (class 3b, n=21). Anatomically short …

Knowledge Of Urinary Incontinence And Pelvic Organ Prolapse In Community-Dwelling Women, Charisse L. Mandimika

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

KNOWLEDGE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING WOMEN.

Charisse L. Mandimika, William Murk, and Marsha K. Guess. Section of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are common, costly and debilitating problems that have a known negative impact on women's quality of life. Our study assessed women's baseline knowledge, demographic factors associated with a lack of knowledge, and specific areas of knowledge deficiency about UI and POP among White, African American (AA), and Other Women of …

Evaluation And Characterization Of The Biomechanical Properties Of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts Implanted In The Arterial Circulation, Brooks Van Udelsman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

We used a murine model to assess the in vivo evolving biomechanical properties of tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) implanted in the arterial circulation. The initial polymeric tubular scaffold was fabricated from (poly)lactic acid (PLA) and coated with a 50:50 copolymer of (poly)caprolactone and (poly)lactic acid (P[PC/LA]). Following seeding with syngeneic bone marrow derived mononuclear cells, the TEVGs (n=50) were implanted as aortic interposition grafts in wild-type mice and monitored serially using ultrasound. A custom biaxial mechanical testing device was used to quantify in vitro the circumferential and axial mechanical properties of grafts explanted at 3 or 7 months. At …

Reduced Inputs Turfgrass Through White Clover Inclusion, Bret Andrew Sparks

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Most managed turfgrass species require frequent inputs to maintain an acceptable level of quality. Among these inputs, nitrogen (N) fertilization is usually the most limiting in terms of growth and development. However, N fertilization is also linked to non-point source (NPS) pollution. White clover (WC) is known for its ability to provide N when mixed into stands of turfgrass, and does not pose a threat for NPS pollution. Two field studies were designed to investigate the effects of WC inclusion in stands of cool-season turfgrasses. In the first field study, three cultivation techniques were examined for establishment of WC into …

Boron Nutrition Of Burley And Dark Tobacco, Laura Ann Frakes Mitchell

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The incidences of suspected Boron (B) deficiency have increased recently in Kentucky tobacco fields, potentially due to recent changes in management practices. The symptoms observed in the field include; hollow stalk, stunted growth, deformed or no bud formation, small slits on the lower leaf midrib and uncontrollable breaking of the midrib approximately two inches from the stalk. B is a micronutrient tobacco needs in minute amounts, however excessive additions of B could cause toxicity. The objectives of this work were to 1) establish critical points for B sufficiency, 2) describe and define B deficiency and toxicity symptoms and 3) develop …

The Effect Of Mediated Immediacy Upon State Motivation And Cognitive Learning In An Online Lesson, Gary K. Hughes

Theses and Dissertations--Communication

The role of teacher immediacy and its impact upon student learning within the traditional classroom has been established within the instructional communication discipline in the past 30 years. In recent years, with the advent of computer-mediated distance education (i.e. online courses), some researchers have attempted to apply the same theories and measures of concepts without making the distinction between actual teacher behavioral indicants of immediacy and student perceptions of immediacy, nor recognizing that there may be a different number of variables involved between a single lesson presented online and an entire course presented over a period of time. Building upon …

The Ceo And The Hydraulics Of Campaign Finance Deregulation, Sarah Haan

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Antibiotic Lock Therapy: Review Of Technique And Logistical Challenges, Julie Ann Justo, P Brandon Bookstaver

Faculty Publications

Antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) for the prevention and treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections is a simple strategy in theory, yet its real-world application may be delayed or avoided due to technical questions and/or logistical challenges. This review focuses on these latter aspects of ALT, including preparation information for a variety of antibiotic lock solutions (ie, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, folate antagonists, glycopeptides, glycylcyclines, lipopeptides, oxazolidinones, polymyxins, and tetracyclines) and common clinical issues surrounding ALT administration. Detailed data regarding concentrations, additives, stability/compatibility, and dwell times are summarized. Logistical challenges such as lock preparation procedures, use of additives (eg, heparin, citrate, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic …

Generosity, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Generosity

No abstract provided.

From Food Desert To Food Mirage: Race, Social Class, And Food Shopping In A Gentrifying Neighborhood, Daniel Monroe Sullivan

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

New supermarkets in previous “food deserts” can benefit residents by improving their access to healthful, affordable food. But in gentrifying neighborhoods characterized by the inflow of middle-class, white residents and the outflow of working class, minorities, who benefits from a new supermarket that emphasizes organic food and environmental sustainability? This paper contributes to the food access literature by examining the food shopping behavior of diverse residents by using survey data and probability sampling in the Alberta neighborhood in Portland, Oregon (USA). Regression results show that college-educated (62%) and white residents (60%) are much more likely to shop there weekly, regardless …

2014-2015 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Graduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale

SIU Bulletins and Course Catalogs Archives

No abstract provided.

2014-2015 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Undergraduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale

SIU Bulletins and Course Catalogs Archives

No abstract provided.

Is The Financial Burden Of Cancer Impacting Survivors' Quality Of Life?, Kathleen Fenn

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

ABSTRACT:

Purpose: Little is known about the relationship between the financial burden of cancer and the physical and emotional health of cancer survivors. We examined the association between financial problems caused by cancer and reported quality of life in two samples of cancer patients.

Patients and Methods: Data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed. A multivariate regression model was used to examine the relationship between the degree to which cancer caused financial problems and the patients' reported quality of life.

In a separate study, a cross-sectional survey was administered at a large academic breast center. Patients …

Food Choice: Should The Government Be At The Head Of The Table?, Emily Semands

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Religious Law (Especially Islamic Law) In American Courts, Eugene Volokh

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Incidence And Risk Factors For Acute Myocardial Injury After Non-Cardiac Surgery At The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Salim Said Ahmed

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors for acute myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi. Design: Prospective cohort study Background: Myocardial injury is the most common major cardiovascular complication in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Large numbers of intermediate-risk and high-risk cardiac patients will be undergoing surgery as the population grows older, and thus myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery could be a rising problem. Patients and Setting: Adult participants undergoing intermediate and high risk non-cardiac surgery at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi were evaluated for incidence and risk factors for myocardial injury after non-cardiac …

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2014

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Artemisia Extracts Activate Pparγ, Promote Adipogenesis, And Enhance Insulin Sensitivity In Adipose Tissue Of Obese Mice, Allison J. Richard, Thomas P. Burris, David Sanchez-Infantes, Yongjun Wang, David M. Ribnicky, Jacqueline M. Stephens

Faculty Publications

Objective: Studies have shown that the inability of adipose tissue to properly expand during the obese state or respond to insulin can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Artemisia is a diverse group of plants that has a history of medicinal use. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of ethanolic extracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) and Artemisia santolinifolia (SAN) to modulate adipocyte development in cultured adipocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT) function invivo using a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Method: Adipogenesis was assessed using Oil Red O staining and immunoblotting. A nuclear receptor specificity assay was used …

Myo-Inositol And Phytate Are Toxic To Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Lucas Veillon, Jared Bourgeois, Amanda Leblanc, Gregg Henderson, Brian D. Marx, Syed Muniruzzaman, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

© 2014 Entomological Society of America. Several rare and common monosaccharides were screened for toxic effects on the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, with the aim of identifying environmentally friendly termiticides. myo-Inositol and phytic acid, which are nontoxic to mammals, were identified as potential termite control compounds. Feeding bioassays with termite workers, where both compounds were supplied on filter paper in concentrations from 160.2 to 1,281.7μg/mm3, showed concentration-dependent toxicity within 2 wk. Interestingly myo-inositol was nontoxic when administered to termites in agar (40 mg/ml) in the absence of a cellulosic food source, an unexplained phenomenon. In addition, decreased populations …

Weight Gain Reveals Dramatic Increases In Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Charmaine S. Tam, Jeffrey D. Covington, Sudip Bajpeyi, Yourka Tchoukalova, David Burk, Darcy L. Johannsen, Cristina M. Zingaretti, Saverio Cinti, Eric Ravussin

Faculty Publications

Context: In animal models of obesity, chronic inflammation and dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling in adipose tissue leads to insulin resistance. Whether similar pathophysiology occurs in humans is not clear. Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether 10% weight gain induced by overfeeding triggers inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling (gene expression, protein, histology) in skeletal muscleandsc adipose tissue in humans.Wealso investigated whether such remodelingwas associated with an impaired metabolic response (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention: Twenty-nine free-living males were fed 40% over their baseline energy requirements for 8 weeks. Results: Ten percent body weight gain prompted …

Environmental Influences On Maize-Aspergillus Flavus Interactions And Aflatoxin Production, Jake C. Fountain, Brian T. Scully, Xinzhi Ni, Robert C. Kemerait, Robert D. Lee, Zhi Yuan Chen, Baozhu Guo

Faculty Publications

Since the early 1960s, the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus (Link ex Fr.) has been the focus of intensive research due to the production of carcinogenic and highly toxic secondary metabolites collectively known as aflatoxins following pre-harvest colonization of crops. Given this recurrent problem and the occurrence of a severe aflatoxin outbreak in maize (Zea mays L.), particularly in the Southeast U.S. in the 1977 growing season, a significant research effort has been put forth to determine the nature of the interaction occurring between aflatoxin production, A. flavus, environment and its various hosts before harvest. Many studies have investigated this interaction …

Vitamin D Levels Are Low In Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Disease In Jamaica And West Africa, Bamidele O. Tayo, Titilola S. Akingbola, Babatunde L. Salako, Colin A. Mckenzie, Marvin Reid, Jennifer Layden, Ifeyinwa Osunkwo, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Amy Luke, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background: Patients with sickle cell disease in the USA have been noted to have lower levels of vitamin D – measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) – compared to controls. Average serum 25(OH)D levels are also substantially lower in African Americans than whites, while population distributions of 25(OH)D among Jamaicans of African descent and West Africans are the same as among USA whites. The purpose of this study was to examine whether adult patients with sickle cell disease living in tropical regions had reduced 25(OH)D relative to the general population. Methods: We analyzed serum 25(OH)D in stored samples collected from studies …

Physical Activity And Pre-Diabetes-An Unacknowledged Mid-Life Crisis: Findings From Nhanes 2003-2006, Kathryn Farni, David A. Shoham, Guichan Cao, Amy H. Luke, Jennifer Layden, Richard S. Cooper, Lara R. Dugas

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of pre-diabetes (PD) among US adults has increased substantially over the past two decades. By current estimates, over 34% of US adults fall in the PD category, 84% of whom meet the American Diabetes Association's criteria for impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Low physical activity (PA) and/or sedentary behavior are key drivers of hyperglycemia. We examined the relationship between PD and objectively measured PA in NHANES 2003-2006 of 20,470 individuals, including 7,501 individuals between 20 and 65 yrs.We excluded all participants without IFG measures or adequate accelerometry data (final N = 1,317). Participants were identified as PD if FPG …

Hypertension Subtypes Among Hypertensive Patients In Ibadan, Abiodun M. Adeoye, Adewole Adebiyi, Bamidele O. Tayo, Babatunde L. Salako, Adesola Ogunniyi, Richard S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background. Certain hypertension subtypes have been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and may be related to specific underlying genetic determinants. Inappropriate characterization of subtypes of hypertension makes efforts at elucidating the genetic contributions to the etiology of hypertension largely vapid. We report the hypertension subtypes among patients with hypertension from South-Western Nigeria. Methods. A total of 1858 subjects comprising 76% female, hypertensive, aged 18 and above were recruited into the study from two centers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Hypertension was identified using JNCVII definition and was further grouped into four subtypes: controlled hypertension (CH), isolated systolic …