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Proteolysis And Lactobacillus Fermentation Effects On The Isoflavones Biotransformation And Removal Of Anti-Nutritional Factors Of Soy Bean, Li-Jung Yin, Hsueh-Ming Tai, Hui-Hung Lee, Shann-Tzong Jiang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To investigate the effects of proteolysis and Lactobacillus johnsonii (LAB) fermentation on the removal of anti-nutritional factors and isoflavones biotransformation, soy bean was hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis YJ1 proteases and cellulases and further fermented with Lactobacillus johnsonii. Increases in soluble proteins, peptides, free amino acids, daidzin and genistin (p < 0.01) were observed after 10 hr hydrolysis at 50°C. Although no further increases in soluble proteins and peptides (p < 0.01) were observed after 24 hr Lactobacillus johnsonii fermentation in both 5-L and 120-L fermentors, substantial transformation from daidzin and genistin to daidzein and genistein was obtained (p < 0.01). Most of the anti-nutritional factors such as stachyose, raffinose, glycinin and β-conglycinin were not detected, suggesting that the hydrolysis and further Lactobacillus johnsonii fermentation could effectively remove the anti-nutritional factors and transform most of isoflavones into aglycones.

Expression Of Facultative Den Behavior In Ursidae, Nicholas Lee Fowler

Theses and Dissertations

Many ecological and evolutionary processes have been described underlying natural selection but supporting evidence in wild settings is often lacking and our understanding remains incomplete. Using a multi-scale approach, I investigated expression of facultative den behavior (denning) among and within ursid species. Among species, lack of denning behavior was supported by relaxation of selection pressures of seasonal food availability due to realization of two sources of ecological opportunity; colonization of new habitat and adaptation of key innovations. Of denning species, I found evidence of adaptive ecological plasticity in den chronology among and within populations consistent with relaxed selective pressures influencing …

Effect Of Supplementing Heat Stressed Dairy Cows With Electrolytes On Milk Yield, Composition, And Blood Metabolites, Carlos J. Cabrera

Theses and Dissertations

This study was done to examine the effects of supplementing electrolytes to heat stressed transitioning cows on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), and blood metabolites. Overall, 104 Holstein and Jersey cows were utilized from August to September, 2012, and from August to November, 2013. Control (CON) cows were fed standard TMR and E+ cows received the same TMR plus 170 g of Bovine BlueLite. The DMI, MY and composition, rectal temperature, and respiration rate were monitored daily; while blood metabolites, body weight, condition score and frame size (withers height, hip height, and heart girth) were measured weekly. The …

Seediness And Sensory Differences Between Highbush, Southern Highbush, And Rabbiteye Blueberries, Amanda Renee Pegg

Theses and Dissertations

Seediness and other differences between rabbiteye-RB (Vaccinium ashei), southern highbush-SHB (Vaccinium darrowii), and commercial market equivalent, highbush-HB (Vaccinium corymbosum) varieties/lines were determined. Forty six selections of rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries, and three highbush varieties, were analyzed for seediness (seeds per berry volume, SPV). There were no differences (p > 0.05) in SPV between SHB and RB selections, but differences (p < 0.05) existed within species. Berries were assigned to 8 groups based on SPV to conduct sensory panels and chemical analysis. Consumers perceived RB more different than SHB from HB blueberries. In the descriptive panel, differences (p < 0.05) were found in shriveling, skin intactness, grittiness, seediness, and tartness. The soluble solids to acid ratio of HB, SHB, and RB averaged 16.05, 9.60, and 11.05%, respectively. Some consumers and trained panelists can discern differences due to seediness and other traits between blueberry species.

S-Metolachlor Phytotoxicity In Sweetpotato, Issah Alidu Abukari

Theses and Dissertations

S-metolachlor is an effective herbicide used to control/suppress annual grasses, nutsedges and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, a decline in storage root quality and yield has been reported under certain environmental conditions. Information is limited on the effect of S-metolachlor application followed immediately by rainfall on sweetpotato growth and development under different temperatures, as well as the optimum application time. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate sweetpotato responses to interactive effects of S-metolachlor, temperature and rainfall, and to determine S-metolachlor optimum application time. A sunlit, controlled environment experiment was conducted to investigate sweetpotato response to S-metolachlor …

White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Population Dynamics In A Multi-Predator Landscape, Jared Fitzgerald Duquette

Theses and Dissertations

Indices of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) abundance in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan suggested the population declined 40% from the previous 5 year mean following 2 consecutive severe winters in the mid-1990s and has not since increased in population size. I collected estimates and assessed biological and environmental covariates of survival and recruitment of fawns (< 1 year old) and age-specific reproductive and survival rates of adult females (> 1.6 years old) in the southwestern Upper Peninsula of Michigan from 2009–2011. Reproduction did not appear to regulate population growth, as 92 percent of females were pregnant. Annual survival of adult females was 70 percent across years, but poorer annual survival of fawns …

Effect Of Branding Gulf Oysters On Consumer’S Willingness To Pay, Sarah Acquah

Theses and Dissertations

Within the East coast and West Coast oyster market, oysters are generally marketed using product attributes and brand name. However the Gulf oyster market does not involve branding. Using choice experiment method and online survey data, the study estimated the effect of branding Gulf oysters on Gulf and Non-Gulf consumers’ willingness to pay. Alternative-specific conditional logit, Nested logit and Alternative-specific multinomial probit methods of analysis were used to investigate the Independence of Irrelevant Alternative assumption made about consumers. Pooled and scaled models were used to analyze the identified data categories from which consumers were found to share the same oyster …

Effects Of Prenatal Testosterone On Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons In Sheep Model For Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Casey Jean Steadman

Theses and Dissertations

Female sheep exposed to excess testosterone (T) in utero display symptoms similar to those observed in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Prenatal T-treated ewes display masculinized sexual behavior and increased food-reward seeking behavior. A neural substrate critical for these goal-directed behaviors is the dopaminergic system in the ventral tegmental area. We have recently shown that in adult ewes dopamine expression in the VTA is increased by prenatal T exposure. In this thesis, I tested the hypothesis that alterations of the VTA dopamine system by prenatal-T are caused via activation of androgen (AR) and/or insulin receptors (IR). Analysis of immunohistochemical …

Efficacy Of Gras Antimicrobial Compounds And Modified Atmosphere Packaging In Reducing Salmonella, Campylobacter And Spoilage Organisms On Poultry Meat, Divek V T Nair

Theses and Dissertations

The antimicrobial efficacy of carvacrol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thyme oil (0.5, 1, 2 and 5% v/v) was evaluated against Salmonella on turkey breast cutlets as 2 min dip treatments at 4°C. Carvacrol revealed maximum efficacy against Salmonella on turkey cutlets and was selected for 30s and 60s dip treatments at 4°C. Only 5% carvacrol was effective and exhibited 1.0 and 1.8 log CFU/g reduction of Salmonella with 30s and 60s dip treatments, respectively. However, carvacrol showed synergistic activity with carbon dioxide in modified atmosphere packaging (95% CO2/5% O2) against Salmonella and Campylobacter and caused 1.0-2.0 log CFU/g reductions with lower …

Estimation Of Genetic Parameters For Hair Shedding Score And Relationship To Performance In Angus, Charolais, And Hereford Dams, Samuel Randall Plank

Theses and Dissertations

The objectives were to determine the association of hair shedding to performance in beef cattle and estimate genetic parameters for hair shedding scores. Dams were observed for shedding and given a score of 1 to 5. The month of first shedding (MFS) was determined when a female reached an average shedding score of 3.25 or less. Performance data included calf bw and d205wt and were considered as a trait of the dam. Hereford dams with a MFS of March weaned calves 18.37 + or - 8.85 kg heavier than dams with a MFS of June (P < 0.01). Angus dams with a MFS of March had calves with bw 7.75 + or - 1.64 kg greater than dams with a June MFS (P < 0.001). The heritability estimate for MFS was 0.11 + or - 0.06. Timing of hair shedding may have an influence on growth performance for certain breeds.

Evaluating The Relationship Between Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Crop Management Factors And Tarnished Plant Bug (Lygus Lineolaris) Populations, Chase Allen Samples

Theses and Dissertations

Tarnished plant bug is the most important insect pest of cotton in Mississippi. Management of this insect is difficult because of insecticide resistance as well and the overwhelming population densities in many areas of the Mississippi Delta. Given the level of plant bug infestation and damage observed in cotton over the past several growing seasons, information is needed to improve management of vegetative growth once fruit retention is reduced. Little data exists regarding the impact of nitrogen application on infestation by tarnished plant bug. In addition, growers have been progressively reducing seeding rates as seed and technology fees have increased …

Evaluation Of Different Dietary Supplements For Cattle Consuming Ryegrass Baleage, Lanna Victoria Durst

Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate nutrient digestibility and CP retention of steers fed ryegrass baleage supplemented with hay or soybean hull pellets. Crossbred steers (n=12, BW 247 plus or minus 20.8 kg) were halter broken, and placed into individual metabolism crates for a total of 10 days. All 12 steers had ad libitum access to ryegrass baleage and were allotted to 3 supplements 1) no supplement; 2) soybean hull pellets; 3) hay, with 4 steers per treatment group. Supplements were fed at 0.25% of steer body weight. Sample collections were for 7 days following a 3 day …

Linking Individual Biological Outcomes To Resource Use, Christopher Ryan Ayers

Theses and Dissertations

Minimum resource requirements support population persistence; however, ecologists and conservationists often want to identify factors that improve biological outcomes of animals. The population-level approach common in wildlife-resource studies limits our ability to draw inferences about the importance of resources and other factors by failing to link them with individual fitness. Measuring individual-based biological outcomes and resource use helps determine variation in mechanistic relationships between animal fitness and behavior. I suggest using direct metrics of resource use such as food consumption and distance traveled, to avoid errors with estimating resource availability. I summarize these concepts in an analytical framework for modeling …

Impact Of Parthenogenetic Development On Egg Albumen Characteristics And Subsequent Fertilization Success In Chinese Painted Quail, Priscila Santa Rosa

Theses and Dissertations

Parthenogenetic development (PD) in Chinese Painted quail decreases hatchability and increases early embryonic mortality. The objectives of this study were to determine if PD alters egg albumen ions, gases, and pH (virgin and mated hens) as well as the success of subsequent fertilization in mated quail and if egg storage and incubation temperature increase PD. In virgin hens, PD altered albumen characteristics over incubation. In fact, albumen from mated and virgin hens exhibiting PD showed similar albumen characteristics, and these characteristics were similar to early dead embryos in mated hens. Also, mated hens selected for parthenogenesis had less sperm holes …

A Longitudinal Analysis Of Body Mass And Morbidity: Evidence From The Health And Retirement Study, Jamie Boydstun

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation aimed to investigate the direct and indirect pathways between body mass and three indicators of morbidity – health conditions, disability, and self-rated health status – and how these associations differed across birth cohorts. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal sample of adults age 51 or older, I used latent growth curve modeling to investigate the association of body mass on morbidity for five cohorts. Latent growth curve models allow for changes in body mass, health conditions, disability, and self-rated health over several waves of data to be assessed. To determine if the …

The Missing Link: U.S. Regulation Of Consumer Cosmetic Products To Protect Human Health And The Environment, Valerie J. Watnick

Pace Environmental Law Review

This article explores these lax regulatory efforts and their connection to risk assessment, and proposes changes to our current toxics regulatory paradigm. Part I of this article explores our current regulatory approach for consumer cosmetics. Part II discusses the specific and dire concerns regarding chemicals that are suspected carcinogens and those suspected of disrupting the human endocrine system. The article argues in Part III that because the framework for our current regulation of consumer cosmetic products is not designed to be protective of human health, our regulatory paradigm must shift dramatically in the future if this is to become our …

Animal Agriculture Laws On The Chopping Block: Comparing United States And Brazil, Elizabeth Bennett

Pace Environmental Law Review

Brazil and the United States are among the largest producers and exporters of livestock in the world. This raises important animal rights and environmental concerns. While many of the impacts of industrial animal agriculture are similar in Brazil and the United States, there are key differences in the effects on animals and the environment. The variations between Brazil and the United States are due to ecological, production method, and regulatory differences between the countries. Despite their dissimilarities, however, Brazil and the United States both largely fail to adequately protect farm animals and the environment from the impacts of large-scale animal …

Using Emerging Pollution Tracking Methods To Address The Downstream Impacts Of Factory Farm Animal Welfare Abuse, Tarah Heinzen, Abel Russ

Pace Environmental Law Review

CAFOs present numerous interconnected ethical, environmental, and public health threats, and this article will discuss opportunities to address the multiple adverse impacts of factory farming through advances in pollution tracking methodologies. The first section will introduce the factory farm issue, and the relationship between its environmental and welfare consequences. We then review approaches to establishing liability for surface and groundwater contamination under existing pollution control laws and describe the unique challenges of using these approaches in the context of CAFO pollution. We then discuss techniques that have been used to more precisely identify sources of pollution, including measurements of a …

Bursts And Heavy Tails In Temporal And Sequential Dynamics Of Foraging Decisions, Kanghoon Jung, Hyeran Jang, Jerald D. D. Kralik, Jaeseung Jeong

Dartmouth Scholarship

A fundamental understanding of behavior requires predicting when and what an individual will choose. However, the actual temporal and sequential dynamics of successive choices made among multiple alternatives remain unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that there is a general bursting property in both the timing and sequential patterns of foraging decisions. We conducted a foraging experiment in which rats chose among four different foods over a continuous two-week time period. Regarding when choices were made, we found bursts of rapidly occurring actions, separated by time-varying inactive periods, partially based on a circadian rhythm. Regarding what was …

Latin America Declares War On Junk Food In Bid To Tackle Obesity, Louisa Reynolds

NotiCen

No abstract provided.

Newsroom, Georgia Southern University

Newsroom (2006-2023)

• HIV Conference to Bring New Strategies to Rural Health Care

Back Matter

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Skeletal Analysis: Investigating Senescence In Ancient Nubia, Katelyn Reavis

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

The understanding of older adult life experiences is deficient when compared to younger adults and children in the archaeological record. Research has been devoted toward aging techniques and studies of osteoarthritis, but there are few discussions describing senescence, the cumulative process of aging, in the past. Most research includes the oldest cohort (45 years and above) within the broad category of adults, but it is useful to look at this demographic separately. Skeletal remains were analyzed from the site of Tombos (ancient Nubia) dated to the New Kingdom and the Napatan Periods (~1400‒650 BC). The focus of the analysis was …

Childhood Health And Household Income, Patrick Malone

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Health Economics literature is rich with studies that find a positive association between childhood health and family income. This relationship is also known as childhood health and income gradient. Several other studies also find that this gradient becomes steeper as children age. This research paper empirically reexamines this phenomenon using 2009-2012 data from the National Health Interview Survey. While the study finds the existence the gradient effects, it finds the gradient to be flatter than those found earlier studies.

Volume 51, Number 52: August 13, 2014, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Effects Of A Participatory Women's Group On Self-Efficacy And Nutrition-Related Health Behaviors In Hispanic Households, Sara Hanson

Health and Kinesiology Theses

Introduction: Minority populations suffer disproportionately from health-related issues, particularly chronic diseases (Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). The majority of Hispanic adults (68%) report being overweight or obese (Ai, Appel, Huang, & Lee, 2012). Studies on obesity-prevention measures and nutrition interventions for the Hispanic population include community-based participatory research approaches that are family-centered and have culturally adapted nutrition messages (Torre et al., 2013; Wieland et al., 2012). I hypothesized that involvement in a participatory women's group would increase self-efficacy for making healthy nutrition-related health behavior changes. The aims of this study were to facilitate women to identify their health …

Gendered Bodies And The U.S. Military: Exploring The Institutionalized Regulation Of Bodies, Heather K. Horton

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

This thesis supplements existing literature by examining the relationship between institutional regulations and gendered assumptions about bodies. This thesis draws from feminist social constructionist perspectives and gendered organizational theories to explore the role of gendered body assumptions in the organizational framework of a hypermasculine political institution. Using the U.S. military as an illustrative example, this thesis studies military policies and rationales historically, focusing on the post-Vietnam accelerated inclusion of women, the increasing use of combat as a divisive component, and the gendered structural elements that are used to determine physical competence. Findings coincide with existing literature and suggest that social …

Hotline Press Newspaper- August 2014 Vol 30 No 14, Hotline Press Newspaper

Hotline Press Newspaper 2014

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of 2014 Aurora Scientific Day

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

N/A

Flavonoid Treatment Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-Based Disease, Jun Tan, Doug Shytle, Kavon Rezai-Zadeh

USF Patents

The flavonoid luteolin reduces amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) generation. Luteolin is also a selective GSK-3 inhibitor that 1) decreases amyloidogenic γ-secretase APP processing, and 2) promotes presenilin 1 (PS1) carboxyl-terminal fragment (CTF) phosphorylation. GSK-3α activity is essential for both PS1 CTF phosphorylation states and PS1-APP interaction. These findings were validated in vivo, using a Tg2576 Alzheimer's Disease model system. Luteolin treatment decreased soluble Aβ levels, reduced GSK-3 activity, and disrupted PS1-APP association. In addition, Tg2576 mice treated with diosmin, a glycoside of a flavone structurally and functionally similar to luteolin (diosmetin), displayed significantly reduced Aβ pathology as well.