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A Kinetic Analysis Of The Inhibition Of Fox-4 Β-Lactamase, A Plasmid-Mediated Ampc Cephalosporinase, By Monocyclic Β-Lactams And Carbapenems, Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Susana Mallo, Christopher R. Bethel, Magdalena A. Taracila, Andrea M. Hujer, Ana Fernandez, Julian A. Gatta, Kerri M. Smith, Yan Xu, Malcolm G.P. Page, Eric Desarbre, German Bou, Robert A. Bonomo

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Abstract: Objectives: Class C β-lactamases are prevalent among Enterobacteriaceae; however, these enzymes are resistant to inactivation by commercially available β-lactamase inhibitors. In order to find novel scaffolds to inhibit class C β-lactamases, the comparative efficacy of monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics (aztreonam and the siderophore monosulfactam BAL30072), the bridged monobactam β-lactamase inhibitor BAL29880, and carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem and ertapenem) were tested in kinetic assays against FOX-4, a plasmid-mediated class C β-lactamase (pmAmpC). Methods: The FOX-4 β-lactamase was purified. Steady-state kinetics, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ultraviolet difference (UVD) spectroscopy were conducted using the β-lactam scaffolds described. Results: The Ki values …

Hiding The Statute In Plain View: University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center V. Nassar, Michael J. Zimmer

Faculty Publications & Other Works

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Marianismo On Colorectal Cancer Screening Behavior Among Hispanic Women In The United States, Robin Thompson

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States (U.S).1 Although early detection and treatment can reduce CRC-related morbidity and mortality, almost twothirds of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease indicating non-adherence to recommended screening guidelines.1 Indeed, less than half of individuals over 50 years of age get screened at recommended intervals.2 More specifically, lower rates of CRC screening exist among these groups: those identifying as being of Hispanic origin, the uninsured, disabled individuals, and women.3 In a 2011 report from the National Center on Health …

An Exploration Of Empowerment, Sexual Violence, And Hiv Among Indian Women, Brigid Kyung-Hwa Cecil

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Empowerment plays a major role in sexual violence and HIV among women worldwide. Findings on empowerment in relation to domestic violence or HIV are scarce and are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between empowerment and HIV status by means of sexual violence, and to compare this relationship between previously married women (N = 2,658) and currently married women (N = 37,539) living in India. The Baron and Kenny mediated regression model was used, involving simple logistic and multiple logistic regression, drawing from the National Family Health Survey 2005-2006 (NFHS-3). Sexual violence was not found …

Association Of Hiv Testing, Educational Attainment, And Age Among Black And Non-Black Men, Ashley N. Martell

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can lead to a chronic condition, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), but can be well managed with a combination of medications, treatments, and remedies.1 The emergence of HIV in the United States in 1981 created an atmosphere unlike any other at that time. Overtime, the science community has worked diligently to combat this disease through research, practice, and intervention. Although many efforts have been put forth over the past thirty years, millions of Americans still remain infected with HIV.2 Among those who are infected with HIV/AIDS we see disproportionate rates among specific races and gender. Research …

Reproduction-Powered Industry: Coordinating Agency Regulations For Synthetic Biology, Brendan Parent

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

No abstract provided.

Novel Tuberculostatic Agents Suitable For Treatment Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections Of The Central Nervous System, Ronald Bartzatt, Preeti Sule, Suat L.G. Cirillo, Jeffrey D. Cirillo

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Aims: To demonstrate the efficacy of five small molecule compounds for inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To present evidence that these compounds will penetrate into the central nervous system.

Study Design: Five small molecule compounds bearing a hydrazide group were synthesized utilizing microwave excitation. These compounds were then placed into tissue culture with Mycobacterium tuberculosis at various concentrations for evaluation of bacterial growth inhibition.

Place and Duration of Study: The compounds to be tested were prepared at the University of Nebraska Chemistry Department August 2013. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was determined at the Texas A&M Health Science …

Sex, Science, And The Age Of Anxiety, Linda C. Fentiman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article examines the question of whether the HPV vaccine should be mandated (for girls and/or boys) in the context of declining rates of childhood immunization, and the potential threat to public health that this decline poses. The article addresses two interconnected legal issues: first, is mandating vaccines to prevent the spread of disease constitutional under substantive due process and equal protection principles, and second, should parents be permitted to “opt out” of mandatory vaccination on their children’s behalf, either for all vaccines or those which prevent particular diseases. The article addresses these issues in the context of America’s growing …

Forecast, 2014, Illinois State University, College Of Applied Science And Technology

foreCAST

Magazine of the Illinois State University College of Applied Science and Technology

Different Meal, Same Flavor: Cospeciation And Host Switching Of Haemosporidian Parasites In Some Non-Passerine Birds, Diego Santiago-Alarcon, Adriana Rodríguez-Ferraro, Patricia Parker, Robert Ricklefs

Biology Department Faculty Works

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus(Parahaemoproteus) and Plasmodium) infecting passerine birds have an evolutionary history of host switching with little cospeciation, in particular at low taxonomic levels (e.g., below the family level), which is suggested as the main speciation mechanism of this group of parasites. Recent studies have characterized diverse clades of haemosporidian parasites (H. (Haemoproteus) and H. (Parahaemoproteus)) infecting non-passerine birds (e.g., Columbiformes, Pelecaniiformes). Here, we explore the cospeciation history of H. (Haemoproteus) and H. (Parahaemoproteus) parasites with their non-passerine hosts.MethodsWe sequenced the mtDNA cyt b gene of both haemosporidian parasites and their avian non-passerine hosts. We …

Analysis Of The Role Of Two Autophagy Pathway Related Genes, Becn1 And Tsc1, In Murine Mammary Gland Development And Differentiation, Amber N. Hale

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

The mammary gland is a dynamic organ that undergoes the majority of its development in the postnatal period in four stages; mature virgin, pregnancy, lactation, and involution. Every stage relies on tightly regulated cellular proliferation, programmed cell death, and tissue remodeling mechanisms. Misregulation of autophagy, an intracellular catabolic process to maintain energy stores, has long been associated with mammary tumorigenesis and other pathologies. We hypothesize that appropriate regulation and execution of autophagy are necessary for proper development of the mammary ductal tree and maintenance of the secretory epithelia during late pregnancy and lactation. To test this hypothesis we examined the …

Modulation Of Vaccine-Induced Responses By Anthelmintic Treatment In Ponies, Emily Rubinson

Theses and Dissertations--Medical Sciences

Vaccines and anthelmintics induce an inflammatory response in equids. Since they are commonly given concurrently, it is practical to study any interaction between them. This study evaluated whether IVM and PYR would modulate the acute phase inflammatory response, the systemic gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and vaccine-specific titers induced by WNV, EHV, and KLH vaccines. Naturally-infected, yearling ponies were sorted by gender, then fecal epgs. They were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: IVM, PYR, and control. All ponies received vaccinations intramuscularly on days 0 and 29. Whole blood, serum, and plasma samples were collected 1, 3, and 14 days …

Lean Fire Management: A Focused Analysis Of The Incident Command System Based On Toyota Production System Principles, Jeremiah S. Fugate

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

A primary role of the Incident Command System is to learn from past incidents, as illustrated by its origins in the wildland firefighting community. Successful emergency response operations under the Incident Command System has prompted its nationwide spread, this promulgation critically relies on the system’s capability to stabilize and continuously improve various aspects of emergency response through effective organizational learning. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential to apply fundamental principles of the Toyota Production System (Lean manufacturing) to improve learning effectiveness within the Incident Command System. An in-depth review of literature and training documents regarding both …

Primary And Secondary Prevention Of Hepatitis C Virus Among Rural Appalachian People Who Use Drugs, Dustin B. Stephens

Theses and Dissertations--Clinical and Translational Science

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 3% of the global population chronically infected. Clinical impacts in the United States are projected to increase for two decades, and mortality attributed to HCV now exceeds HIV. Injection drug use (IDU) is the most common route of transmission in the developed world. Advances in treatment offer hope of mitigating HCV impacts, but substantial barriers obstruct people who inject drugs (PWID) from receiving care, particularly in medically underserved regions including Central Appalachia. This study assessed IDU paraphernalia sharing longitudinally over 24 months in a sample of …

Identification Of Soils On Firefighter Turnout Gear From The Philadelphia Fire Department, Tabitha N. Huston

Theses and Dissertations--Retailing and Tourism Management

The purpose of this research was to identify the composition of soils on firefighter turnout gear from the Philadelphia Fire Department and to determine which soils contain hazardous materials. The objective of the research was to identify the composition of soils remaining on the firefighter turnout gear to enable the industry to design an effective cleaning procedure for removal of soils. A pilot study was conducted on hoods from the Philadelphia fire department to evaluate the test methods that would be used to identify the composition of soils. Soils that had been identified from previous studies were targeted in the …

Role Of Viral And Host Factors In Influenza Virus Mediated Inhibition Of Interleukin-23, Ashish Tiwari

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Influenza virus is one of the major respiratory pathogens of humans as well as animals, including equines. There is an increasing evidence that bacterial infections are the most common cause of the death during influenza. In horses also, secondary bacterial pneumonia can lead to death, and surviving horses may take up to six months for the complete recovery resulting in heavy economic loss to the equine industry. Interleukin (IL)-23 mediated innate immune response has been shown to protect the host from various respiratory bacterial infections. However, studies to investigate the role of host and viral factors in the regulation of …

Examination Of The Snsag Surface Antigen Gene Family In Sarcocystis Neurona, Ablesh Gautam

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that causes the serious neurologic disease equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The life cycle of S. neurona progresses through multiple developmental stages that differ morphologically and molecularly. The S. neurona merozoite surface is covered by multiple related proteins, which are orthologous to the surface antigen (SAG) gene family of Toxoplasma gondii. The SAG surface antigens in T. gondii and another related parasite Neospora caninum are life cycle stage-specific and seem necessary for parasite transmission and persistence of infection. The present research was conducted to explore the gene family of SnSAGs in S. …

Attitudes Toward Assisted Reproductive Technology: The Effects Of Gender, Relationship Status, Age, And Sexual Orientation, Brigitte A. Dooley

Theses and Dissertations--Family Sciences

Reproductive technology has extended procreative options to infertile, subfertile, unpartnered, and same-sex-partnered individuals, but this technology is sometimes used in circumstances that may be deemed unreasonable or inappropriate by some people. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of five contextual variables—gender, relationship status, age, and sexual orientation of the individual or couple seeking reproductive assistance, as well as the source of gametes—on attitudes toward the procurement of reproductive services. A multiple-segment factorial vignette was administered to a sample of 257 reproductive-aged respondents. Results indicate that ART is generally viewed as an acceptable procedure by reproductive aged …

Factors In Breastfeeding Initiation Among Central Kentucky Wic And Non-Wic Participants, Lila Nicole Farnsworth

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Vital statistics data were statistically analyzed to determine who is breastfeeding in central Kentucky and if factors differ between those in a WIC and non-WIC population. The sample consisted of 479 postpartum women aged 18-44 in central Kentucky. Participants in the study were analyzed as a whole, then divided by their participation in the WIC program (n=304) or non-participation in the WIC program (n=175). Variables recorded in the vital statistics form were analyzed. These variables included age, education level, marital status, and ethnicity of the mother, household income status, and gender, gestational age, and birth weight of the infant. In …

Identification And Ss-Lactam Resistance In Aquatic Isolates Of Enterobacter Cloacae And Their Status In Microbiota Of Domica Cave In Slovak Karst (Slovakia), Barbora Gaalova, Alena Donauerova, Milan Seman, Helena Bujdakova

International Journal of Speleology

Domica Cave is located in the Slovak Karst National Park in southern Slovakia. Heterotrophic cultivable psychrophilic and mesophilic microbiota were confirmed to be prevalent in this cave. Escherichia coli was the most abundant bacterium, followed by Enterobacter species and Serrratia species. Enterobacter cloacae isolates belong to the group of faecal contaminants (coliforms) of concern in water. Their status in cave ecosystem is questionable, but we observed E. cloacae in water samples all years round suggesting an autochthonous origin. We were concerned with possible contamination of the cave water with resistant E. cloacae from animal farms located 2-3 km from the …

Paludismo, Endemia Rural Venezolana Del Pasado Y Del Presente [Malaria: Rural Endemic Venezuelan Past And Present], Ana G. Angulo, Erika De Pablos, Pedro Navarro, Yetzenia Haro, María Antonia De La Parte, Nathalie Chacon

Physician Assistant Studies Faculty Publications

La malaria o paludismo es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por protozoarios del género Plasmodium. La mayoría de los casos los ocasiona el Plasmodium vivax, aunque los de mayor gravedad son a causa de Plasmodium falciparum y Plasmodium knowlesi. Se calcula que durante 2010, en el mundo, se produjeron unos 216 millones de casos de paludismo, de los cuales, aproximadamente 81% (174 millones de casos), se registraron en África. En Venezuela, en el año 2011 se produjeron 45.743 casos. La patogenia está fundamentada en la invasión y rompimiento de manera cíclica de los eritrocitos, lo cual conduce a la generación de …

May Contain Unvaccinated Children: Imposing A Duty To Warn In The Context Of Nonmedical Childhood Vaccine Exemptions, Katherine Shaw Makielski

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

Improving Human Health By Increasing Access To Natural Areas: Opportunities And Risks, Bradford S. Gentry, David Krause, Karen A. Tuddenham, Sarah Barbo, Benjamin D. Rothfuss, Christopher Rooks

Yale School of the Environment Publications Series

Report of the 2013 Berkley Workshop

Held at the Pocantico Center of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Tarrytown, NY - July 2013

Warmer Temperatures Increase Disease Transmission And Outbreak Intensity In A Host-Pathogen System, Bret D. Elderd, James R. Reilly

Faculty Publications

Summary: While rising global temperatures are increasingly affecting both species and their biotic interactions, the debate about whether global warming will increase or decrease disease transmission between individuals remains far from resolved. This may stem from the lack of empirical data. Using a tractable and easily manipulated insect host-pathogen system, we conducted a series of field and laboratory experiments to examine how increased temperatures affect disease transmission using the crop-defoliating pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and its species-specific baculovirus, which causes a fatal infection. To examine the effects of temperature on disease transmission in the field, we manipulated baculovirus …

An Insight Into The Microbiome Of The Amblyomma Maculatum(Acari: Ixodidae), Khemraj Budachetri, Rebecca E. Browning, Steven W. Adamson, Scot E. Dowd, Chien-Chung Chao, Wei-Mei Ching, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to survey the bacterial diversity of Amblyomma maculatum Koch, 1844, and characterize its infection with Rickettsia parkeri. Pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA was used to determine the total bacterial population in A. maculatum. Pyrosequencing analysis identified Rickettsia in A. maculatum midguts, salivary glands, and saliva, which indicates successful trafficking in the arthropod vector. The identity of Rickettsia spp. was determined based on sequencing the rickettsial outer membrane protein A (rompA) gene. The sequence homology search revealed the presence of R. parkeri, Rickettsia amblyommii, and Rickettsia endosymbiont of …

Interspecific Competition Of A New Invasive Mosquito, Culex Coronator, And Two Container Mosquitoes, Aedes Albopictus And Cx. Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Across Different Detritus Environments, D. A. Yee, J. F. Skiff

Faculty Publications

The mosquito Culex coronator (Dyar and Knab) (Diptera: Culicidae) has undergone rapid range expansion in the United States since 2003, with its historical distribution in the southwest expanding eastward to the Atlantic coast. Although Cx. coronator nominally use small natural aquatic habitats for development, the use of containers (e.g., tires) makes it potentially important as container invasive. To determine the potential ecological effects of Cx. coronator on resident container species, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess its competitive ability with two common tire-inhabiting species, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae). Larvae were reared under a factorial …

Investigations On The Gut Microbiota Of Salmonids And The Applications Of Probiotics-Based Feed Additives, Ali Atia Abid

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

A series of investigations were conducted in order to characterise the GIT microbiota of salmonids and to determine the effect of microbial modulating feed additives on the intestinal microbiota, immunity and growth of salmonids. The first experiment, Chapter three, used PCR-DGGE and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of cultivable bacteria were used to investigate the GIT microbiota of brown trout. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that Citrobacter freundii and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum were the predominant culturable viable bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, respectively in all regions of the GIT. DGGE revealed complex communities with a diverse range of microbes from …

Simultaneous Bactericidal And Osteogenic Effect Of Nanoparticulate Calcium Phosphate Powders Loaded With Clindamycin On Osteoblasts Infected With Staphylococcus Aureus, Vuk Uskoković, Tejal A. Dasai

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

S aureus internalized by bone cells and shielded from the immune system provides a reservoir of bacteria in recurring osteomyelitis. Its targeting by the antibiotic therapy may thus be more relevant for treating chronic bone infection than eliminating only the pathogens colonizing the bone matrix. Assessed was the combined osteogenic and antibacterial effect of clindamycinloaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles of different monophasic compositions on co-cultures comprising osteoblasts infected with S aureus. Antibiotic-carrying particles were internalized by osteoblasts and minimized the concentration of intracellular bacteria. In vitro treatments of the infected cells, however, could not prevent cell necrosis due to the …

Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Platforms For Advancing Bone Infection Therapies, Vuk Uskoković, Tejal A. Dasai

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction—The ongoing surge of resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotic therapies and the consistently aging median member of the human race signal an impending increase in the incidence of chronic bone infection. Nanotechnological platforms for local and sustained delivery of therapeutics hold the greatest potential for providing minimally invasive and maximally regenerative therapies for this rare but persistent condition.

Areas covered—Shortcomings of the clinically available treatment options, including poly(methyl methacrylate) beads and calcium sulfate cements, are discussed and their transcending using calcium-phosphate/polymeric nanoparticulate composites is foreseen. Bone is a composite wherein the weakness of each component alone is …

Discovery Of Pharmacological Compounds That Stimulate Renal Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Restore Kidney Function, Sean Robert Jesinkey

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Dysfunctional mitochondria are a primary pathological consequence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Mitochondrial homeostasis is disrupted up to 144 h after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced-AKI in the renal cortical tissue of mice. Stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in renal cells after oxidant injury restores mitochondrial function. The primary goals of this project were to identify novel pharmacological compounds capable of inducing mitochondrial biogenesis in the renal proximal tubule and evaluate if this induction would promote the recovery of mitochondrial and/or renal function after in vivo AKI. The secondary goal was to employ our mitochondrial approach for drug discovery towards identifying a novel …