Digital Commons Network^™

Digital Piracy: Neutralising Piracy On The Digital Waves, Alexander Bryan

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

Rates of digital piracy, defined by Gopal, et al. (2004: 3) as 'the illegal act of copying digital goods for any reason other than backup, without permission from or compensation to the copyright holder', appear to be rising despite increasingly stringent methods employed by both legislators and the industries affected to curtail it. The harm it causes the industries is also increasing; affecting everyone from producers to consumers. This study explores the aetiology of digital piracy; specifically whether students in the United Kingdom neutralise the guilt for their actions through the use of Sykes and Matza's (1957) techniques of neutralisation. …

Hiding Behind The Law? A Critique Of The Law And Practice Under The Adoption And Children Act 2002, Lisamarie Deblasio

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article presents a critical analysis of adoption law in Britain. In particular, it focuses on provisions of the Adoption and Children Act 2002 (ACA), and the subsequent interpretation by the Family Courts, which appear to drastically compromise the rights of natural parents. Only in the last three decades has changed perception of family structure altered the theory of adoption. This is illustrated by way of adoption now being a service of permanency for children in the care of local authorities, which has developed to replace the traditional relinquishment of new born babies of previous decades. This historic adoption method …

Report Of Research On Youth Offending Team Partnerships And The Social Context Of Youth Crime, Patricia Gray

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

No abstract provided.

Privacy V Freedom Of Speech: A Comparative Study On The Law Of Privacy And Freedom Of Expression In Relation To The Press, In The Uk And The Usa, Oludolapo Ogunsola

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

The principal objective of this paper is to critically examine how freedom of expression is balanced with rights to privacy against media intrusion. This study compares the right of privacy and the right to freedom of expression in the federal republic of the United States of America (USA) and the sovereign state of the United Kingdom (UK). The contention of this study is that there is a need for a more strictly enforced protection of privacy by media regulatory bodies in both countries and that there should be a standard of legal protection against invasions of privacy by the media. …

Justice For Sale': An Empirical Examination Of The Attitudes Of Criminal Defence Lawyers Towards Legal Aid Reform, Tom Smith

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

This article discusses empirical fieldwork undertaken at the 'Justice For Sale' meeting of criminal defence lawyers, in May 2013. The fieldwork aimed to explore the views of defence lawyers in relation to the ongoing programme of reforms in their area of practice – particularly those launched by the 'Transforming Legal Aid' consultation in April 2013. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the fieldwork asked respondents about price-competitive tendering (PCT), client choice, QASA, direct action, their relationship with the Government and the impact the reforms would have on the service provided to suspects and defendants. The article examines the data collected and …

(Re)Settlement? Transitions From Custody To Community For Socially Excluded Children And Young People, Sarah Hocking

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

Despite recent declines in the use of custody for children and young people, reoffending rates for this age group remain notoriously high at over seventy per cent (Ministry of Justice, 2013) and their aftercare or resettlement support is consistently criticised for failing to address their complex needs. However with recent resettlement developments promising 'enhanced' and intensive provision, this article seeks to explore this using findings from semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Making particular use of Levitas et al.'s (2007) conceptualisation of social exclusion, this article provides a discussion of the resettlement needs of young custody leavers and an evaluation of …

Alternative Dispute Resolution (Adr): An Overview Of Some Common Mechanisms, And Their Strengths And Weaknesses In Context, Harry Perrin

The Plymouth Law and Criminal Justice Review

Alternative Dispute Resolution, or 'ADR', offers parties in dispute an alternative to traditional court-based litigation, which is often seen as slow, costly and ineffective. ADR frequently involves a neutral third party who will settle or facilitate resolution of the dispute. This paper examines three common ADR mechanisms, adjudication, arbitration and mediation, and.explores their relative advantages and disadvantages in different contexts.

Effectiveness Of A Closed System Device In Reducing Occupational Exposure And Environmental Concentrations Of Anticancer Drugs, Nitin Vyas

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Owing to their non-selective nature, anti-cancer drugs affect both cancerous and non-cancerous cells and present a major health risk to healthcare staff working with them. This project was conducted at Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, to investigate the extent of contamination with anti-cancer drugs on work surfaces and the environmental emissions of these drugs. In the Isolator study, surface contamination arising from the preparation of five anticancer drug infusions (epirubicin, fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin) in a pharmaceutical isolator and external surfaces of infusion bags and syringes using a conventional syringe and needle technique was investigated and compared with that obtained using …

Beautiful Disease: The Story Of Angelina Jolie’S Mastectomy In The American Media, Angie Michel

Maria Dittman Library Research Competition: Student Award Winners

In 2013 Angelina Jolie revealed in a New York Times editorial that she underwent a preventive double mastectomy earlier that year. This qualitative study examines the social meaning of that Times piece. Using fantasy theme analysis, I unearth the story the American media told about Jolie, her surgery and her editorial. I find that newspapers and magazines dramatized Jolie’s gender traits and portrayed her as an ultra-feminine hero protected from the physical and social threats of breast cancer.

Integrated Geophysical, Geochemical And Structural Analysis Of The Mersin Ophiolite, Southern Turkey, Ahmed Fatih Omer

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This study examines the tectonic evolution of the Mersin ophiolite of the central Tauride of Turkey, using palaeomagnetic, structural and geochemical analyses. This ophiolite represents one of the best examples of Tethyan-type ophiolites formed by supra-subduction zone spreading within the northern Neotethyan Ocean basin during the Late Cretaceous. It exposes a 3.0 km section of lower crustal, cumulate rocks, and tectonically separated exposures of the underlying mantle sequence and metamorphic sole, both of which are cut by basaltic dykes. Stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetization of ultramafic and gabbroic cumulates from 18 sites mostly identified single components of remanent magnetization …

Application Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Signatures For Environmental Fingerprinting, David Peter Megson

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 ‘man-made’ chlorinated organic compounds that were widely used in the 20th century for a variety of industrial uses. PCBs were first commercially produced in the 1929 and were manufactured until the 1980s when their use was phased out due to environmental and human health risks. However, due to their widespread use and persistence they are ubiquitous in the environment and remain a contaminant of concern. The structural properties that determine the persistence of PCBs in humans were therefore elucidated by statistical analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey …

Foundations In Wisconsin: A Directory [33rd Ed. 2014], Mary C. Frenn, Katie M. Barnhart, Brittany Carloni, Hilary Dabney, Alyssa Gruber, Jakob K. Rinderknecht

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory

The 2014 release of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 33^rd edition of the print directory and the 14^th year of the online version. The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. Additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation websites, annual reports, and newsletters.

End-Of-Life Delirium: Issues Regarding Recognition, Optimal Management And The Role Of Sedation In The Dying Phase., S H. Bush, M M. Leonard, M Agar, J A. Spiller, Annmarie Hosie, D Wright, D J. Meagher, D C. Currow, E Bruera, P G. Lawlor

Nursing Papers and Journal Articles

CONTEXT:

In end-of-life care, delirium is often not recognized and poses unique management challenges, especially in the case of refractory delirium in the terminal phase.

OBJECTIVES:

To review: delirium in the terminal phase context, specifically in relation to recognition issues; the decision-making processes and management strategies regarding its reversibility; the potential refractoriness of delirium to symptomatic treatment; and the role of sedation in refractory delirium.

METHODS:

We combined multidisciplinary input from delirium researchers and knowledge users at an international delirium study planning meeting and relevant electronic database literature searches (Ovid Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL) to inform this narrative review. …

How Do Patients With Advanced Cancer Cope With An Uncertain Disease Trajectory? Implications For Grief Counselling, Elizabeth A. Lobb

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

A growing number of cancer patients are living longer with incurable disease. This paper describes strategies that patients use to cope with the uncertain trajectory of their disease. Twenty-seven patients with a prognosis of 12 months were recruited from the oncology and palliative care service at three metropolitan Sydney hospitals. A semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted, which was audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The patients coped with the uncertain trajectory of their disease through avoidance, maintaining a normal life, comparing themselves favourably with others in a similar situation and remaining positive. Participants indicated that they did not wish referral for psychological …

Egypt, Lila Meadows, Nadia Adib Bamieh, Janet E. Lord

All Faculty Scholarship

This chapter is a factbook summarizing disability laws, organisations, and statistics in Egypt as of 2014.

Confronting Chaos: The Fiscal Constitution Faces Federal Shutdowns And (Almost) Debt Defaults, Charles Tiefer

All Faculty Scholarship

Recent events raise the question of whether two near-failures in what scholars call the "Fiscal Constitution" may plunge the government into paralysis or chaos. In October 2013, a lapse in congressional appropriations shut the government down for two weeks. The shutdown furloughed hundreds of thousands of federal employees. It caused some agencies, such as the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), virtually to close their doors and to curtail their services.

Simultaneously, and potentially even more devastating, the House of Representatives (alternatively "House") firmly refused during an extremely tense countdown to raise the statutory debt ceiling of the government. When the government …

Feminism, Democracy, And The "War On Women", Michele E. Gilman

All Faculty Scholarship

This article analyzes the social conservative attacks on women preceding the 2012 election cycle, known as the War on Women, and the ensuing feminist response. Combat was waged on many fronts, including abortion restrictions, access to contraception, funding for Planned Parenthood, welfare programs, and workplace fairness. The article discusses what this "war" means for the complex relationship between feminism and democracy. American democracy has had both liberating and oppressive effects for women, while feminism has sometimes struggled internally to appropriate the values of democracy and externally to harness its potential. Accordingly, the article explains the major political theories regarding feminism …

The Return Of The Welfare Queen, Michele E. Gilman

All Faculty Scholarship

After welfare reform was passed in 1996, there was every reason to hope that the welfare queen was dead. The “welfare queen” was shorthand for a lazy woman of color, with numerous children she cannot support, who is cheating taxpayers by abusing the system to collect government assistance. For years, this long-standing racist and gendered stereotype was used to attack the poor and the cash assistance programs that support them. In 1996, TANF capped welfare receipt to five years and required work as a condition of eligibility, thus stripping the welfare queen of her throne of dependency. Nevertheless, during the …

A Home With Dignity: Domestic Violence And Property Rights, Margaret E. Johnson

All Faculty Scholarship

This Article argues that the legal system should do more to address intimate partner violence and each party's need for a home for several reasons. First, domestic violence is a leading cause of individual and family homelessness. Second, the struggle over rights to a shared home can increase the violence to which the woman is subjected. And third, a woman who decides to continue to live with the person who abused her receives little or no legal support, despite the evidence that this decision could most effectively reduce the violence. The legal system's current failings result from its limited goals-achieving …

Clinical Legal Education: A (Brief) Comparison Of The Evolving Structures And Pedagogy In Mexico, Canada And The United States, Elizabeth Keyes, David C. Koelsch, Alejandro Posadas

All Faculty Scholarship

This Article highlights the development and current state of clinical legal education in Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and examines recent trends in clinical legal education in each country. This is a timely topic. Canadian clinics and, in particular, Ontario-based law school affiliated clinics are grappling with recently-imposed post-graduation alternatives to traditional articling practices, while Canadian law schools are examining whether additional experiential courses should be offered to law students. U.S. law schools face difficult choices with respect to clinical education in light of sustained lower enrollments and resulting adjusted budget realities, as well as the pressures of meeting …

Travel And Recreation In Montana: 2013 In Review And 2014 Outlook, Norma P. Nickerson

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

Outlook for 2014 and Review of 2013.

Zero And The Rise Of Technological Lawmaking, Max Stul Oppenheimer

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Converge! Reimagining The Movement To End Gender Violence Symposium: Panel On Intersections Of Gender, Economic, Racial, And Indigenous (In) Justice, Margaret E. Johnson

All Faculty Scholarship

JOHNSON: This presentation envisions what a better domestic violence legal system might look like for persons subjected to domestic abuse who have not had their needs met or who have been harmed by the current legal system. The paper reframes the focus of the civil legal system from a paradigm of safety into a paradigm of security, including economic, housing, health, and relationship security. This reframing permits a focus on the domestic violence legal system and its intersecting systems of oppression such as race, gender, class, and ethnicity.

Currently, the domestic violence legal system targets short-term physical safety of the …

Exploring The Patient Experience Of Changes In Appetite And Diet With Incretin Analogue Therapy, Rosamund May Paisey

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Incretin analogue therapies are a valuable recent treatment option for type 2 diabetes (T2D) as they can improve blood glucose control and aid weight loss. The way in which an individual recognises and responds to changes in satiety signals induced by these treatments may explain why individual response is variable. Purposive sampling of individuals with successful outcome of incretin analogue therapy (GLP-1) for T2D gathered a participant cohort 15 people with 37 years (448 months) combined experience of this treatment and 149 years of living with diabetes. The focus group data reported in this thesis, explores their experiences, the differing …

Cultural Factors Affecting The Development Of An Evidence-Based Information Service In A Third Sector Provider Of Complementary Cancer Care, Matthew Dunstan Breckons

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Abstract Cultural factors affecting the development of an evidence-based information service in a third sector provider of complementary cancer care Matthew Breckons Introduction Many people with cancer access complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and a need for high quality information was emphasised in reports by the House of Lords and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Organisational culture, incorporating people’s underlying assumptions, values and actions, has been highlighted as an important factor when attempting to introduce evidence-based practices. Opinion is divided over the relevance of evidence to CAM practice, although the influence that this has on the cultural …

Development Of A Nigerian Fermented Maize Food “Akamu” As A Functional Food, Patience Chisa Obinna-Echem

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Akamu is a lactic acid bacteria fermented cereal-based food that complements infant diets in most African countries. Uncontrolled fermentation increases the variability in quality and safety of akamu. This study was aimed at the controlled fermentation of akamu with selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB), investigation of the probiotic potential of the LAB and the effect of variation in production method on the product quality and sensory properties. PCR-DGGE analysis of traditional akamu samples revealed LAB community dominated by Lactobacillus fermentum, L. plantarum, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. helveticus. Isolated yeasts were Candida tropicalis, C. albicans, Clavispora lusitaniae and Saccharomyces …

Source Tracking Of Faecal Indicator Bacteria Of Human Pathogens In Bathing Waters; An Evaluation And Development, Khwam Reissan Hussein

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Bacterial water pollution is a significant problem because it is associated with reduction in the ‘quality’ of water systems with a potential impact on human health. Faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are usually used to monitor the quality of water, and to indicate the presence of pathogens in water bodies. However, enumeration alone does not enable identification of the precise origin of these pathogens. This study aimed to monitor the quality of bathing water and associated fresh water in and out of the ‘bathing season’ in the UK, and to evaluate the use of microbial source tracking (MST) such as the …

Quality And Shelf Life Of Pita And Tandoori Breads Supplemented With Three Novel Functional Ingredients, Yaseen Galali

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Abstract: The interest for functional foods rich in dietary fibre (DF) and low in glycaemic response (GR) is steadily increasing. This is because DF could reduce GR of food products and protect and restrict diet-associated diseases which have become common in society. But DF rich products are not always high in quality and palatability. Therefore, more fibre-rich functional products need to be designed and developed with good quality, palatability and longer shelf life. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop both pita and Tandoori breads rich in DF with good quality, palatability and longer shelf life. So, a …

Comparison Of Behaviour Exhibited By Horses Ridden In Conventional Bitted And Bitless Bridles, Rose Margaret Scofield

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The bitless bridle has been advocated as an alternative to traditional bitted bridles in many equestrian disciplines in order to avoid bit injury and distress that has been reported in previous research. Anecdotal observations and lay publications suggest that the bitless bridle has become very popular amongst riders and horse owners in the United Kingdom. The bitless bridle has been compared favourably to the use of the bit in foundation training with improved performance in bridling, long-reining and riding reported for some horses in the bitless sample group. Similarly, improved dressage test scores and comments by a judge have been …

Development And Characterisation Of A Three-Dimensional In Vitro Hepatic Fish Model To Investigate Xenobiotic Metabolism, Matthew Graham Joesph Baron

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Regulatory and academic studies use large numbers of fish annually. The use of fish primary cells offers an in vitro alternative for the assessment of chemical toxicity and the evaluation of environmental samples in ecotoxicology. Their uses however are not without limitations which includes short culture periods (i.e. longevity and loss of organ-specific functionality over time. Three-dimensional (3-D spheroid) technology is now established for in vitro mammalian toxicity studies and offers significant advantages for environmental applications in a model fish species. This thesis reports development of a reproducible six-well plate, gyratory-mediated method for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocyte spheroid culture …