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2014

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Evaluation Of Eight Repellents In Deterring Eastern Cottontail Herbivory In Connecticut, Scott C. Williams, Michael R. Short Jan 2014

Evaluation Of Eight Repellents In Deterring Eastern Cottontail Herbivory In Connecticut, Scott C. Williams, Michael R. Short

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Herbivory by eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) can be the source of significant agricultural, nursery, and managed landscape damage. Where cottontails cannot be managed by lethal means or where trap and release is infeasible, repellents may be a reasonable alternative. We tested 8 different repellent formulations (Bobbex Deer Repellent® Canadian formulation concentrate, Bobbex Deer Repellent® Canadian ready-to-use (RTU), Bobbex-R Animal Repellent® concentrate, Bonide Repels All® concentrate, Bonide Deer & Rabbit Repellent® concentrate, Liquid Fence® Deer & Rabbit Repellent concentrate, Plantskydd® soluble powder, and Rabbit Stopper® RTU) on Johnny jump-ups (Viola tricolor), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and …

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Determination Of Residue Levels Of Alpha-Chloralose In Duck Tissues, David A. Goldade, Randal S. Stahl, John. J. Johnston Jan 2014

Determination Of Residue Levels Of Alpha-Chloralose In Duck Tissues, David A. Goldade, Randal S. Stahl, John. J. Johnston

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Alpha-chloralose (AC) is used to capture nuisance waterfowl so that they can be relocated. Concerns for food safety limit its use prior to or during the waterfowl hunting season. To determine its half-life in tissue, we administered AC to adult male (n = 7) and female (n = 5) mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) via oral gavage. A gel capsule containing 100 μCi of radioactive AC (14C-AC) and sufficient nonlabeled AC to produce a dose of approximately 30 mg/kg was given to each duck.The ducks were euthanized at 2, 6, 10, and 18 hours postdosing …

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Forecasting The Spread Of Raccoon Rabies Using A Purpose-Specific Group Decisionmaking Process, Aaron M. Anderson, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Richard B. Chipman, Todd Atwood, Tyler Cozzens, Frank Fillo, Robert Hale, Brody Hatch, Joanne Maki, Olin E. Rhodes, Erin E. Rees, Charles E. Rupprecht, Rowland Tinline, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Dennis Slate Jan 2014

Forecasting The Spread Of Raccoon Rabies Using A Purpose-Specific Group Decisionmaking Process, Aaron M. Anderson, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Richard B. Chipman, Todd Atwood, Tyler Cozzens, Frank Fillo, Robert Hale, Brody Hatch, Joanne Maki, Olin E. Rhodes, Erin E. Rees, Charles E. Rupprecht, Rowland Tinline, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Dennis Slate

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and USDA Wildlife Services (WS) have been involved in an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program for raccoons (Procyon lotor) that has slowed the westward spread of raccoon rabies. The objective of this study was to forecast the spread of the disease if an ORV zone was not maintained. A group decision-making process was designed to address the forecasting problem and was implemented using a group of 15 experts and 4 support personnel at a meeting at the USDA National Wildlife Research Center. Ten expansion regions were constructed that described the spread of …

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Scarred For Life: The Other Side Of The Fence Debate, Paul F. Jones Jan 2014

Scarred For Life: The Other Side Of The Fence Debate, Paul F. Jones

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Reducing The Potential For Human–Snake Encounters In A Recreational Park, Evin T. Carter, Omar Attum, Bryan C. Eads, Andrew S. Hoffman, Bruce A. Kingsbury Jan 2014

Reducing The Potential For Human–Snake Encounters In A Recreational Park, Evin T. Carter, Omar Attum, Bryan C. Eads, Andrew S. Hoffman, Bruce A. Kingsbury

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Parks and outdoor recreation areas often struggle to balance management for outdoor recreation with the protection of native flora and fauna. Additional complications can arise for land managers when recreation occurs in areas shared with wildlife that are perceived by humans to be dangerous. Despite these issues, many parks may inadvertently increase the potential for human–wildlife encounters through the creation of artificial forest gaps used for recreational purposes. We determined the potential for human encounters with venomous copperhead snakes (Agkistrodon contortrix) at a recreational park in southern Indiana before and after several simulated closures of recreational forest gaps. …

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Effects Of Removal On A Lightly Exploited Coyote Population In Eastern Nevada, Patrick J. Jackson Jan 2014

Effects Of Removal On A Lightly Exploited Coyote Population In Eastern Nevada, Patrick J. Jackson

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Coyote (Canis latrans) removal is a common, yet controversial, management practice to increase game populations throughout the West. I studied the effect of removal on coyote populations in eastern Nevada from 2004 to 2008 and reviewed 27 available publications to determine the level of human exploitation on my study populations. Removals were performed by USDA Wildlife Services (WS) to benefit game populations and involved the use of trapping, neck snaring, and ground and aerial shooting. To determine if the removal had an effect on the coyote populations, I measured 3 parameters: the presence or absence of skewed sex …

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A Spatially Explicit Model Of The White-Tailed Deer Population In Delaware, Brian Jennings, Jacob L. Bowman, Elizabeth L. Tymkiw Jan 2014

A Spatially Explicit Model Of The White-Tailed Deer Population In Delaware, Brian Jennings, Jacob L. Bowman, Elizabeth L. Tymkiw

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Population models of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are used by many states to predict population levels and aid in making management decisions. Delaware did not have a deer population model, so we developed one and used it to investigate the implications of changes to the harvest. We modeled 7 changes to the harvest regime and compared these changes to the base line of no changes to the harvest regime. We used survival rates, reproductive rates, harvest data, a population estimate, and spotlight counts to construct the model. The model scenario began in February 2006 and ran until August …

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Effectiveness Of A Simulated Pack To Manipulate Wolf Movements, Christine M. Anhalt, Timothy R. Van Deelen, Ronald N. Schultz, Adrian P. Wydeven Jan 2014

Effectiveness Of A Simulated Pack To Manipulate Wolf Movements, Christine M. Anhalt, Timothy R. Van Deelen, Ronald N. Schultz, Adrian P. Wydeven

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Bioboundaries, also called biofences, are deterrents that attempt to exploit certain innate behaviors to exclude wildlife from target areas. We hypothesized that human-deployed scent marks and playbacks of foreign howls could simulate a territorial gray wolf (Canis lupus) pack impinging on a resident pack, thereby causing the resident pack to move. During summer 2010, we deployed a simulated-pack bioboundary near 3 wolf packs in northern Wisconsin and monitored their movements relative to 3 wolf packs experiencing a sham treatment, to control for effects of human presence. We analyzed wolves’ locations (≥1 location per week) and used linear models …

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Characteristics And Distribution Of Live-Stock Losses Caused By Wild Carnivores In Maasai Steppe Of Northern Tanzania, Batistino P. Mponzi, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Bernard M. Kissui Jan 2014

Characteristics And Distribution Of Live-Stock Losses Caused By Wild Carnivores In Maasai Steppe Of Northern Tanzania, Batistino P. Mponzi, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Bernard M. Kissui

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Agricultural development accelerates the loss of habitat for many wildlife species and brings humans and animals in close proximity, resulting in increased human–wildlife conflict. In Africa, such conflicts contribute to carnivore population declines in the form of human retaliation for livestock depredation. However, little knowledge exists about when and where carnivores attack livestock. Given this need, our objectives were to (1) understand the spatial and temporal variation of human–carnivore conflict and (2) identify conflict-prone areas. We addressed these objectives in 18 Tanzanian villages of the Maasai Steppe using livestock depredation data on lions (Panthera leo), spotted hyenas ( …

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American Black Bear–Apiary Conflicts In Michigan, Beverly K. Mckinley, Jerrold L. Belant, Dwayne R. Etter Jan 2014

American Black Bear–Apiary Conflicts In Michigan, Beverly K. Mckinley, Jerrold L. Belant, Dwayne R. Etter

Human–Wildlife Interactions

American black bear (Ursus americanus) damage to apiaries can result in substantial economic loss. We used records of black–bear apiary conflicts collected by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to characterize damage in the Upper and Northern Lower peninsulas of Michigan from April 2003 to May 2011. Most conflicts occurred between May and July, and the number of conflicts decreased across years. The number of reported conflicts was directly correlated with bear population size. However, we found no positive association between numbers of reported conflicts with bear condition as indexed by winter severity and hive abundance. Intolerance toward …

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Examining Patterns Of Animal–Vehicle Collisions In Alabama, Usa, Xiongwen Chen, Shuhong Wu Jan 2014

Examining Patterns Of Animal–Vehicle Collisions In Alabama, Usa, Xiongwen Chen, Shuhong Wu

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Animal–vehicle collisions (AVCs) cause animal death, human injury, and vehicle damage. Uncovering the general patterns and related ecological processes of AVCs is useful for developing mitigation strategies. We examined some previous patterns about AVCs from records in Alabama during 2001 to 2011. The results confirm that: (1) there was a seasonal pattern, with >50% of AVCs occurring in winter; (2) AVCs occurred most frequently at dawn and dusk in the diurnal pattern; and (3) most AVCs occurred on county highways. However, interstate and federal highways had higher numbers of AVCs per km of road. Counties within metropolitan areas had more …

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Soil Quality Manipulation To Reduce Bird Presence At Airports, Theresa K. Johnston, Bruce Branham, Jeffrey Brawn Jan 2014

Soil Quality Manipulation To Reduce Bird Presence At Airports, Theresa K. Johnston, Bruce Branham, Jeffrey Brawn

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Aviation safety is an important concern in wildlife management as bird strikes risk human lives and result in costly damage. Habitat management can decrease bird abundances locally at airports. We tested soil manipulation as a technique to reduce local bird presence by establishing experimental plots with either intact topsoil or “stripped” subsoil with the aim of decreasing foraging substrate for birds. We estimated invertebrate abundance, and observed bird presence from 2006 to 2008. More birds visited topsoil plots (151.5 birds/ ha/hour) than subsoil plots (72.7 birds/ha/hour). Topsoil plots supported a greater biomass of invertebrates than subsoil plots ( = 0.39 …

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Efficacy Of Ropel® As A Coyote Repellent, Elizabeth A. Miller, Julie K. Young, Scott Stelting, Bruce A. Kimball Jan 2014

Efficacy Of Ropel® As A Coyote Repellent, Elizabeth A. Miller, Julie K. Young, Scott Stelting, Bruce A. Kimball

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We examined the repellency of a commercially available animal repellent to determine the efficacy of its application to objects that are attractive to coyotes (Canis latrans). Specifically, we aimed to both prevent chewing behavior by coyotes on a nylon-like strapping material, which is used to construct barrier-arresting systems on military airstrips, and determine the ability of the solution to prevent the animals from repeating the undesired behavior. We mixed Ropel® Animal and Rodent Repellent with a liquid latex sticker to form a 2% latex and 98% Ropel solution. We used a 2% latex and 98% water solution as …

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A Device For Refilling Practice Bear Spray Canisters, John Gookin, Tom S. Smith, Alison Williams Jan 2014

A Device For Refilling Practice Bear Spray Canisters, John Gookin, Tom S. Smith, Alison Williams

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Comment On Dieter Et Al. (2014), Leonard R. Askham, Michael E. R. Godfrey Jan 2014

Comment On Dieter Et Al. (2014), Leonard R. Askham, Michael E. R. Godfrey

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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In Defense Of Field Experiments: Response To Askham And Godfrey (2014), Charles D. Dieter, Cody S. Warner, Curiong Ren Jan 2014

In Defense Of Field Experiments: Response To Askham And Godfrey (2014), Charles D. Dieter, Cody S. Warner, Curiong Ren

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Wildlife In Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions Through Science-Based Management, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2014

Wildlife In Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions Through Science-Based Management, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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The Folklore Of Informationalism: The Case Of Search Engine Speech, Oren Bracha Jan 2014

The Folklore Of Informationalism: The Case Of Search Engine Speech, Oren Bracha

Fordham Law Review

Are search engine results protected speech under the First Amendment? This has become an essential question in the debate over search engine regulation. Search engine speech is at the cutting edge of several recent trends in First Amendment jurisprudence: the challenge of protection for machine–generated speech, a recent tendency toward constraining governmental economic regulatory power through aggressive and broad interpretation of freedom of speech, and the question of limitations on the coverage of the First Amendment. Arguments on behalf of First Amendment protection for search engine results focus on different protected speech interests. Free speech scrutiny is justified and necessary …

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Ar Trebui Femeile Să Fie Hirotonite Ca Pastori? Considerații Asupra Vechiului Testament - Partea A Ii-A, Richard M. Davidson Jan 2014

Ar Trebui Femeile Să Fie Hirotonite Ca Pastori? Considerații Asupra Vechiului Testament - Partea A Ii-A, Richard M. Davidson

Faculty Publications

This second part of a four-part study is a tentative answer derived from the account of Genesis chapter 3 to discover what constitutes God’s provisions for the relationship between men and women after the Fall. In the modern discussion over whether women should be ordained as pastors, the foundational passage for both those who affirm and those who oppose women’s ordination is Genesis 1–3. In the first part of the study, we have dealt with the biblical material of Genesis chapters 1 and 2. Those who affirm women’s ordination find in the Genesis creation accounts a statement of full equality …

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Ala- Or Ce6-Pdt Induced Phenotypic Change And Suppressed Migration In Surviving Cancer Cells, Pei-Tzu Li, En-Sheng Ke, Pei-Chi Chiang, Tsuimin Tsai Jan 2014

Ala- Or Ce6-Pdt Induced Phenotypic Change And Suppressed Migration In Surviving Cancer Cells, Pei-Tzu Li, En-Sheng Ke, Pei-Chi Chiang, Tsuimin Tsai

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose 5-Aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been used for the treatment of precancerous lesions and oral cancers. Compared with traditional treatment such as surgery, ALA-PDT can selectively kill cancer cells and reduce side effects. However, some cells might survive from PDT and may be directly attributable to the limited penetration of light. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate alterations in cellular behavior and molecular mechanisms in cancer cells that have survived from PDT. Materials and methods Human tongue squamous carcinoma cells, SCC-4 cells, and mice bearing C26 tumors were used as cancer models in vitro and in …

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Keys To Understanding And Addressing Consumer Perceptions And Concerns About Processed Foods, Y. Meneses, K. J. Cannon, R. A. Flores Jan 2014

Keys To Understanding And Addressing Consumer Perceptions And Concerns About Processed Foods, Y. Meneses, K. J. Cannon, R. A. Flores

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

Some processed food products have been targeted lately as “evils” that are preventing us from maintaining healthy lives. From the perspective of the food industry community, it seems as if this is one of those issues that should fade away with time, since the benefits of food processing are very obvious to us. We have never been so wrong! The challenges in front of us are big, and we need to do a better job of communicating with consumers about the benefits food processing offers, including increasing the availability of high-quality foods year round. We also need to promote the …

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Teaching Introductory Life Science Courses In Colleges Of Agriculture: Faculty Experiences, Mark Balschweid, Neil A. Knobloch, Bryan J. Hains Jan 2014

Teaching Introductory Life Science Courses In Colleges Of Agriculture: Faculty Experiences, Mark Balschweid, Neil A. Knobloch, Bryan J. Hains

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

Insignificant numbers of college students declaring STEM majors creates concern for the future of the U.S. economy within the global marketplace. This study highlights the educational development and teaching strategies employed by STEM faculty in teaching first-year students in contextualized life science courses, such as animal, plant, and food sciences. Teaching strategies employed by faculty were reported as largely influenced by the “way they were taught.” Faculty members shared they used ‘lecture’ and ‘laboratory’ interchangeably as both educational environment and instructional practice. This study provides evidence for engaging university teaching faculty in a systematic process of professional development in teaching …

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Safety Of Improved Milbond-Tx Mycotoxin Binder When Fed To Broiler Breeders Above Recommended Levels, Michael Schlumbohm, Judy England, Rueben Kriseldi, C. Coon Jan 2014

Safety Of Improved Milbond-Tx Mycotoxin Binder When Fed To Broiler Breeders Above Recommended Levels, Michael Schlumbohm, Judy England, Rueben Kriseldi, C. Coon

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

An increasing concern in poultry nutrition is the effects of mycotoxins in contaminated grain. Several new products have come onto the market that chemically bind these toxins preventing mycotoxicosis. However, many of these products have not been tested for safety if accidently overfed to broiler breeders. In order to simulate a feed mixing error at a feed mill, Improved Milbond-TX® was overfed to broiler breeders to see if this would cause any negative effects on bird performance. A typical corn-soybean based diet supplemented with Milbond-TX mycotoxin binder at three different levels of inclusion (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) was fed to …

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Towards Proactive And Flexible Agent-Based Generation Of Policy Packages For Active Transportation, Araz Taeihagh, Rene Bañares-Alcántara Jan 2014

Towards Proactive And Flexible Agent-Based Generation Of Policy Packages For Active Transportation, Araz Taeihagh, Rene Bañares-Alcántara

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

One of the approaches gaining ground in policy design is the implementation of combinations of policy measures as policy packages with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of the designed policies. In this paper, we describe the recent advancements in the developments of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of policy packages. The virtual environment uses an agent-based modelling approach for the generation of different configurations of policy measures in the policy packages. The benefit of using the approach is the proactive and flexible generation of policy packages as the agents can react to the changes that …

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Intrasexual Competition And Other Theories Of Eating Restriction, Norman P. Li, April R. Smith, Jose C. Yong, Tiffany A. Brown Jan 2014

Intrasexual Competition And Other Theories Of Eating Restriction, Norman P. Li, April R. Smith, Jose C. Yong, Tiffany A. Brown

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Various forms of disordered eating and unhealthy eating practices, including excessive dieting, vomiting, binging and purging, and diet-motivated drug use, negatively affect and are potentially fatal to millions of individuals. We describe the etiology of disordered eating as well as various hypotheses on this phenomenon, both from traditional, non-evolutionary perspectives and from evolutionary perspectives. In particular, we explore in detail the intrasexual competition hypothesis, which draws on a broad evolutionary theory: intrasexual selection. From this perspective, women are thought to have evolved to compete intrasexually on thinness, which would have indicated youth and nubility in the ancestral past (Abed, 1998). …

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Assessing The Fishery And Ecology Of Sharks In The United Arab Emirates, Rima W. Jabado Jan 2014

Assessing The Fishery And Ecology Of Sharks In The United Arab Emirates, Rima W. Jabado

Dissertations

Large scale shark population declines have been documented worldwide due to overexploitation and the lack of adequate management frameworks to conserve shark stocks. This study aimed at gaining an understanding of the national shark fishery and the trade in shark products from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data were collected from June 2010 to October 2012 through interviews with local fishermen, market and landing site surveys, fishery independent surveys, and stomach content analysis. Interviews with local fishermen (n=126) provided information on the fishery characteristics and established that sharks were increasingly targeted due to their high value in the global fin …

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Sorting Sheep And Goats In Medieval Iceland And Greenland Local Subsistence, Climate Change, Or World System Impacts?, Thomas Mcgovern, Ramona Harrison, Konrad Smiarowski Jan 2014

Sorting Sheep And Goats In Medieval Iceland And Greenland Local Subsistence, Climate Change, Or World System Impacts?, Thomas Mcgovern, Ramona Harrison, Konrad Smiarowski

Publications and Research

Large archaeofaunal collections recovered from Viking Age and Medieval sites in Iceland and Greenland during intensive collaborative fieldwork over the past decade have demonstrated a diverging pattern in sheep and goat (caprine) management after ca. 1200 CE in the two Norse communities. Since Landnám (first settlement), flocks in both places contained a mixture of sheep and goats and survivorship profiles suggest a very mixed milk-meat-wool production strategy. By the late 13th century Icelandic herds were nearly all sheep, and zooarchaeological evidence suggests an increasing focus on wool production. Greenlandic archaeofauna indicate that farmers maintained the old Viking Age pattern …

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Rna Silencing Suppression Activity Of The Proteins Encoded By The Brome Mosaic Virus Rna Genome, Philipp Heinrich Weber Jan 2014

Rna Silencing Suppression Activity Of The Proteins Encoded By The Brome Mosaic Virus Rna Genome, Philipp Heinrich Weber

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the RNA silencing suppression activity of the proteins expressed by the Brome mosaic virus (BMV). For this purpose a binary, pCambia-based vector containing a GFP (Green Fluorescence Protein) gene was introduced into leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) by agroinfiltration. The GFP gene gets transiently expressed, visualized by fluorescence activity under UV-light, and partially silenced by the RNA silencing activity (RNAi) of N. benthamiana, as described before. The RNAi-based silencing in turn can be suppressed by a co-infiltrated and also transiently expressed vector, which carries a RNA silencing suppressor-gene. The suppression of …

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The Concise Heath Anthology Of American Literature - Second Edition, Volume One: Beginnings To 1865, Paul Lauter, John Alberti, Mary Pat Brady, Kirk Curnutt, Daniel Heath Justice, Richard Yarborough, James Kyung-Jin Lee, Wendy Martin, D. Quentin Miller, Bethany Schneider, Ivy T. Schweitzer Jan 2014

The Concise Heath Anthology Of American Literature - Second Edition, Volume One: Beginnings To 1865, Paul Lauter, John Alberti, Mary Pat Brady, Kirk Curnutt, Daniel Heath Justice, Richard Yarborough, James Kyung-Jin Lee, Wendy Martin, D. Quentin Miller, Bethany Schneider, Ivy T. Schweitzer

Covers, Titles, and Tables: The Formations of American Literary Canons in Anthologies - Archive

Contains Title Page, Table of Contents

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Understanding Somali Women Refugee Students' Lives And Program Decisions At Two-Year Colleges: A Narrative Approach, Mary Fontes Jan 2014

Understanding Somali Women Refugee Students' Lives And Program Decisions At Two-Year Colleges: A Narrative Approach, Mary Fontes

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to explore Somali women refugee students' lives and to identify what factors influenced their program decisions at two-year colleges in the Midwest. Refugees have been admitted to the United States (U. S.) as early as 1948 under the Displaced Persons Act. Some states have experienced a greater influx of refugees than others. Employment and economic self-sufficiency are emphasized as quickly as possible after arrival in the United States. Some foreign-born individuals, who aren't prepared for employment, pursue education. Somali women refugees who pursue education may be doing so unprepared or counter to cultural norms …

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