Digital Commons Network^™

Joel Kotkin: The New Class Conflict Study Guide, 2014, Steven Alan Samson

Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Alan Ryan: On Politics, Book Two Study Guide, 2014, Steven Alan Samson

Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Negotiating North America’S New National Borders, Benjamin Heber Johnson

History: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Covering two hundred years, this groundbreaking book brings together essays on borderlands by leading experts in the modern history of the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia to offer the first historical study of borderlands with a global reach.

Chasing The Writer, Joyce Wexler

English: Faculty Publications and Other Works

"Why does the writing make us chase the writer?" Julian Barnes asks in Flaubert's Parrot. In the past, the answer was easy-we studied the writer to understand the writing. But Barnes suggests that now we study the writing to understand the writer. Barnes's interest in the writer marks a new direction in fiction and criticism.

Architectural Design For Living Artifacts, Joy Monice Malner, Frank Vodvarka

Department of Fine & Performing Arts: Faculty Publications and Other Works

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Non-At1, Non-At2 Binding Of 125i-Sarcosine1, Isoleucine8 Angiotensin Ii In Neurolysin Knockout Mouse Brains, Robert C. Speth, Eduardo J. Carrera, Catalina Bretón, Andrea Linares, Luz Gonzalez-Reiley, Jamala D. Swindle, Kira L. Santos, Ines Schadock, Michael Bader, Vardan T. Karamyan

HPD Articles

The recent identification of a novel binding site for angiotensin (Ang) II as the peptidase neurolysin (E.C. 3.4.24.16) has implications for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This report describes the distribution of specific binding of 125I-Sarcosine1, Isoleucine8 Ang II (125I-SI Ang II) in neurolysin knockout mouse brains compared to wild-type mouse brains using quantitative receptor autoradiography. In the presence of p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB), which unmasks the novel binding site, widespread distribution of specific (3 µM Ang II displaceable) 125I-SI Ang II binding in 32 mouse brain regions was observed. Highest levels of binding >700 fmol/g initial wet weight were seen in …

Distribution Of Intravascular And Extravascular Extracellular Volume Fractions By Total Area Under Curve For Neovascularization Assessment By Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Yi Sun

Publications and Research

In this paper, we propose and investigate distribution of intravascular and extravascular extracellular volume fractions (DIEEF) as a noninvasive biomarker for neovascularization assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). A generalized two-compartment exchange model (G2CXM) that uniformly includes the Patlak model, Tofts model, extended Tofts model, and recent two-compartment exchange model as special instances is first presented. Based on the total area under curve of the G2CXM a method of DIEEF estimation without knowing the artery input function is proposed. The mean square error of DIEEF estimate in the presence of noise and with incomplete DCE-MRI data is analyzed. …

Using Mosses To Assess Conditions In Northern White Cedar Swamps, Vaula L. M. Lukkarinen

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) (NWC) swamps are valuable both commercially and ecologically. Unfortunately, many NWC swamps are degraded and information about them is not abundant. Especially there have been no definitive studies about mosses in northern white cedar swamps and how they react to disturbances. Mosses are sensitive to changes in their environment and thus they could be used to assess ecosystem conditions of NWC swamps.

The objective of this study was to determine if mosses could be used to asses conditions in NWC swamps and if there are differences between moss communities in disturbed and …

Reconciling Function- And Affordance-Based Design, Benjamin T. Ciavola

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Traditional engineering design methods are based on Simon's (1969) use of the concept function, and as such collectively suffer from both theoretical and practical shortcomings. Researchers in the field of affordance-based design have borrowed from ecological psychology in an attempt to address the blind spots of function-based design, developing alternative ontologies and design processes. This dissertation presents function and affordance theory as both compatible and complimentary. We first present a hybrid approach to design for technology change, followed by a reconciliation and integration of function and affordance ontologies for use in design. We explore the integration of a standard function-based …

The Social Construction Of Literary Understanding In A 3rd Grade Classroom During Interactive Read-Alouds, Adriann Flint

Undergraduate Review

Read-alouds are a commonly used tool in elementary classrooms. Teachers read aloud for a variety of purposes, including helping students to better understand a topic, promoting students’ enjoyment of reading, examining an author’s craft, and developing students’ literary understanding. There are two main types of read-alouds that are used in classrooms: traditional read-alouds and interactive read-alouds. Traditional read-alouds include a text being read by the teacher to the class with little student participation during the reading, but an in-depth, or grand conversation about the book at the end of the reading (Eeds & Wells, 1989). The second type of read-aloud, …

Reform: The Struggle For Control Of Hibbing, Paul Lebotina

Upper Country: A Journal of the Lake Superior Region

No abstract provided.

Do Spiny Lobsters Prefer To Associate With Familiar Individuals?, K. Cunningham, J. Ellis, M. Childress

Focus on Creative Inquiry

Juvenile spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) are known to be gregarious. We studied the preference of spiny lobsters in their association with other individuals. Twenty lobsters were captured for this experiment, paired, and divided into either "dominant" or "subordinate" status. The pairs of lobsters were then placed into the cattle tank with another pair and allowed to interact throughout the night. Spiny lobsters spent significantly more time in their "home" den than the "away" den and were much more likely to be in their "home" den with a familiar individual than with an unfamiliar individual."

The Occurrence Of M. Bovis Cases In U.S. Cattle, 2001–2011, Katie Portacci, Jason Lombard, Mark Schoenbaum, Kathleen Orloski, Mark Camacho

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The U.S. National Tuberculosis Eradication Program began in 1917 and has made great strides in reducing the prevalence of M. bovis in U.S. cattle. Sporadic cases, however, continue to be identified in beef and dairy herds and, more recently, captive cervid herds. The ultimate goal of eradication requires that disease management strategies adapt to changing risks associated with the transmission of M. bovis. This chapter describes the low level of BTB occurrence in cattle in the United States. Finding the source of infection is challenging due to the chronic nature and latent behavior of BTB in cattle and cervids, the …

Esterification Pretreatment Of Free Fatty Acid In Biodiesel Production, From Laboratory To Industry, Ming Chai, Qingshi Tu, Jeffrey Y. Yang, Mingming Lu

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

In the United States, biodiesel producers usually follow the 19.8:1 methanol-to-FFA molar ratio for free fatty acid (FFA) esterification, as suggested by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) without optimization studies. In this paper, both laboratory studies and industrial practices of the esterification process were compared, and an optimization study of a used vegetable oil with 5% FFA was conducted. The optimal conditions of this oil, i.e., methanol-to-FFA molar ratio of 40:1, and sulfuric acid usage of 10%, fell out of the suggested range of 19.8:1. The activation energy of the esterification reaction is 20.7 kJ/mol at the optimized condition …

In Vitro And Modelling Approaches To Risk Assessment From The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxcast Programme, Richard Judson, Keith Houck, Matt Martin, Thomas Knudson, Russell Thomas, Nisha Sipes, U.S. Epa, National Center For Computational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, John Wambaugh, Kevin Crofton

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

A significant challenge in toxicology is the ‘too many chemicals’ problem. Human beings and environmental species are exposed to tens of thousands of chemicals, only a small percentage of which have been tested thoroughly using standard in vivo test methods. This study reviews several approaches that are being developed to deal with this problem by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under the umbrella of the ToxCast programme (http://epa.gov/ncct/toxcast/). The overall approach is broken into seven tasks: (i) identifying biological pathways that, when perturbed, can lead to toxicity; (ii) developing highthroughput in vitro assays to test chemical perturbations of these pathways; …

Transparent Stakeholder Engagement In Practice: Lessons Learned From Applying Comprehensive Environmental Assessment To Research Planning For Nanomaterials, Christina Powers, Christine Hendren, Amy Wang, Michael Davis

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

As efforts to develop new applications of engineered nanoscale materials (ENMs) continue to grow, so too has interest in the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications of these materials. However, thorough evaluation and interpretation of such implications could require substantial resources (e.g., estimated as >$120 million per year in federal funding 2013– 2017). A structured, strategic approach for transparently planning research would support improved linkages between ENM research and risk assessments, and thereby enhance the utility of financial and other resources for EHS studies of ENMs. For this reason, we applied Comprehensive Environmental Assessment (CEA) as an approach to provide …

Bringing Resilience To Wildlife Management And Biodiversity Protection, Melinda Harm Benson, Matthew E. Hopton

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Biological diversity can be considered both temporally (Le., evolutionary time) and/or spatially and reflects the number, variety, and variability of organisms. It includes diversity within species (Le., genetic and morphological), between species (Le., alpha and beta), and among ecosystems (Le., beta and gamma). Over the past few hundred years, human activities have increased species extinction rates by as much as 1,000 times above the background rates that were typical over Earth's history (Figure 2.1) (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005; but see He and Hubbell 2011). In the United States, there are approximately 1,900 species listed as threatened or endangered, with potentially …

Ammonia Emissions In The United States, European Union, And China Derived By High-Resolution Inversion Of Ammonium Wet Deposition Data: Interpretation With A New Agricultural Emissions Inventory (Masage_Nh3), F. Paulot, D. J. Jacob, J. O. Bash, K. Travis, D. K. Henze

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

We use the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to optimize ammonia (NH₃) emissions in the U.S., European Union, and China by inversion of 2005–2008 network data for NH⁺₄ wet deposition fluxes. Optimized emissions are derived on a 2◦ × 2.5◦ grid for individual months and years. Error characterization in the optimization includes model errors in precipitation. Annual optimized emissions are 2.8 Tg NH₃−Na⁻¹ for the contiguous U.S., 3.1 Tg NH₃−Na⁻¹ for the European Union, and 8.4 Tg NH₃−Na−1 for China. Comparisons to previous inventories …

An Environmental Oestrogen Disrupts Fish Population Dynamics Through Direct And Transgenerational Effects On Survival And Fecundity, Adam R. Schwindt, Dana L. Wrinkelman, Kristen Keteles, Mark Murphy, Alan M. Vajda

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

1. Increased need for water and projected declines in precipitation due to climate change could leave waterways increasingly dominated by wastewater effluent. Understanding how components of wastewater influence fish populations is necessary for effective conservation and management. Despite research demonstrating effects of oestrogens, such as 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2), on fish physiology and population failure, the generality of population responses is uncertain and the underlying mechanisms affecting population declines are unknown. EE2 is the steroid oestrogen in human contraceptive pills and has been measured up to 11 ng L ^-1 in the environment.

2. We identify disrupted population dynamics due to direct …

Application Of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound To The Study Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Joseph T. Mccabe, Chantal Moratz, Yunbo Liu, Ellen Burton, Amy Morgan, Craig Budinich, Bennell Lowe, John Rosenberger, Huazhen Chen, Jiong Liu, Matthew Myers

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Though intrinsically of much higher frequency than open-field blast overpressures, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) pulse trains can be frequency modulated to produce a radiation pressure having a similar form. In this study, 1.5-MHz HIFU pulse trains of 1-ms duration were applied to intact skulls of mice in vivo and resulted in blood-brain barrier disruption and immune responses (astrocyte reactivity and microglial activation). Analyses of variance indicated that 24 h after HIFU exposure, staining density for glial fibrillary acidic protein was elevated in the parietal and temporal regions of the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum and hippocampus, and staining density for the …

Henipavirus Microsphere Immuno-Assays For Detection Of Antibodiesagainst Hendra Virus, Leanne Mcnabb, J. Barr, G. Crameri, S. Juzva, S. Riddell, A. Colling, V. Boyd, C. Broder, L.-F. Wang, R. Lunt

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

tHendra and Nipah viruses (HeV and NiV) are closely related zoonotic pathogens of the Paramyxoviridaefamily. Both viruses belong to the Henipavirus genus and cause fatal disease in animals and humans,though only HeV is endemic in Australia. In general and due to the acute nature of the disease, agentdetection by PCR and virus isolation are the primary tools for diagnostic investigations. Assays for thedetection of antibodies against HeV are fit more readily for the purpose of surveillance testing in dis-ease epidemiology and to meet certification requirements in the international movement of horses. Thefirst generation indirect ELISA has been affected by non-specific …

Filaria Zoogeography In Africa: Ecology, Competitive Exclusion, And Public Health Relevance, David Molyneux, Edward Mitre, Moses J. Bockarie, Louise A. Kelly-Hope

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Six species of filariae infect humans in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesise that these nematodes are able to polyparasitise human hosts by having successfully, through competitive exclusion, adapted to distinct niches. Despite inhabiting the same host, adult stages reside in different tissue sites. Microfilariae of some species exhibit temporal separation by reaching peak levels in the blood at specific times of day. Spatial and temporal distributions in microfilaria location are exploited by the vector feeding-behaviour whereas adult survival is enhanced by occupying exclusive ‘ecological’ niches of the body. We present specific examples to demonstrate this concept, which is not only important …

The Inky Story Of The Dinky Oak Gall, Ken Sulak

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Maybe you have noticed these little spheres before – but did not give them much thought. Or maybe, you puzzled: What are these wooden pearls? How did they get there? Well, a tiny wasp, called the pea galler wasp or gallfly, Belonocnema treatae, is the culprit. The diminutive female gallfly (one of nearly a thousand species in the gall wasp family Cynipidae), about the size of a fire ant, lays eggs on a freshly budded live oak leaf in spring. When the larva hatches, it produces a chemical that induces the oak to enclose it in a protective and …

Integrating Land Cover Modeling And Adaptive Management To Conserve Endangered Species And Reduce Catastrophic Fire Risk, David Breininger, Brean Duncan, Mitchell J. Eaton, Fred Johnson, James Nichols

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Land cover modeling is used to inform land management, but most often via a two-step process, where science informs how management alternatives can influence resources, and then, decision makers can use this information to make decisions. A more efficient process is to directly integrate science and decision-making, where science allows us to learn in order to better accomplish management objectives and is developed to address specific decisions. Co-development of management and science is especially productive when decisions are complicated by multiple objectives and impeded by uncertainty. Multiple objectives can be met by the specification of tradeoffs, and relevant uncertainty can …

Comparative Population Structure Of Cavity-Nesting Sea Ducks Estructura Poblacional Comparada De Patos Marinos Que Anidan En Cavidades, John M. Pearce, John M. Eadie, Jean-Pierre L. Savard, Thomas K. Christensen, James Berdeen, Eric J. Taylor, Sean Boyd, Arni Einarsson, Sandra L. Talbot

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A growing collection of mtDNA genetic information from waterfowl species across North America suggests that largerbodied cavity-nesting species exhibit greater levels of population differentiation than smaller-bodied congeners. Although little is known about nest-cavity availability for these species, one hypothesis to explain differences in population structure is reduced dispersal tendency of larger-bodied cavity-nesting species due to limited abundance of large cavities. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined population structure of three cavity-nesting waterfowl species distributed across much of North America: Barrow’s Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica), Common Goldeneye (B. clangula), and Bufflehead (B. albeola). We compared patterns of population structure using both variation …

Tissue-Specific Molecular Immune Response To Lipopolysaccharide Challenge In Emaciated Anadromous Arctic Charr, Mathilakath Vijayan, Anju Philip, Even Jørgensen, Alec Maule

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) undergo voluntary winter fasting for months in the Arctic. We tested the hypothesis that extended fasting will compromise the ability of this species to evoke an immune response. Charr were either fed or fasted for 85 days and challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the molecular immune response in the liver and spleen assessed at 8 and 96 h post-injection. LPS increased IL-1β, IL-8, and serum amyloid protein A (SAA) mRNA levels in both groups, but the liver IL- 1β and IL-8, and spleen IL-8 responses were reduced in the fasted group. Fasting upregulated SOCS-1 and …

Effects Of Prey Metapopulation Structure On The Viability Of Black-Footed Ferrets In Plague-Impacted Landscapes: A Metamodelling Approach, Kevin Shoemaker, Robert Lacy, Michelle Verant, Barry Brook, Travis Livieri, Philip Miller, Damien Fordman, H. Resit Akcarkaya

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

1. Species interactions have been largely ignored in extinction risk assessment. However, the black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes exemplifies a class of endangered species for which strong species interactions cannot be ignored. This species is an obligate predator of prairie dogs Cynomys spp., and sylvatic plague Yersinia pestis epizootics threaten to undermine recovery efforts by functionally eliminating the prey base. Multispecies ‘metamodelling’ techniques offer new opportunities for exploring population dynamics under strong species interdependencies and disease.

2. To investigate ferret extinction risk in plague-affected landscapes, we simultaneously modelled plague epidemiological processes, prairie dog metapopulation dynamics and ferret demographic responses. Ferret population …

Implementation Of A Non-Lethal Biopsy Punch Monitoring Program For Mercury In Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus Dolomieu Lacepede, From The Eleven Point River, Missouri, J. R. Ackerson, M. J. Mckee, C. J. Schmitt, W. G. Brumbaugh

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A non-lethal biopsy method for monitoring mercury (Hg) concentrations in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu; smallmouth) from the Eleven Point River in southern Missouri USA was evaluated. A biopsy punch was used to remove a muscle tissue plug from the area immediately below the anterior dorsal fin of 31 smallmouth. An additional 35 smallmouth (controls) were held identically except that no tissue plug was removed. After sampling, all fish were held in a concrete hatchery raceway for 6 weeks. Mean survival at the end of the holding period was 97 % for both groups. Smallmouth length, weight and Fulton’s …

Identifying Priority Conservation Areas For The American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus Americanus (Coleoptera: Silphidae), A Habitat Generalist, Jessica D. Jurzenski, Christopher F. Jorgensen, Andy Bishop, Roger Grosse, John Riens, W. Wyatt Hoback

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Conservation efforts leading to the recovery of the federally endangered American burying beetle (ABB), Nicrophorus americanus Olivier, have been challenging because of the unknown causes of its decline, difficulty in establishing habitat requirements, and unclear population distribution across the species’ range. Extant populations of this widespread generalist species occur in broadly separated regions of North America with varying habitat characteristics. A habitat suitability model for ABB in the Nebraska Sandhills was developed over the course of 3 years resulting in a final cross-validated spatial model. The succession of models from 2009 to 2011 indicated that most of the predictive variables …

Faithful Translations? Cross-Cultural Communications In Canadian Religious Freedom Litigation, Howard Kislowicz

Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper Series

In three religious freedom cases pursued to the Supreme Court of Canada – Amselem, Multani, and Huterrian Brethren of Wilson Colony – religious freedom claimants engaged in litigation over a religious practice particular to their group. Some have argued that cases like these can be seen as cross-cultural encounters. How did the religious freedom claimants seek to make their practices – the succah, the kirpan, and the prohibition on being photographed – understood to the courts? And how did the courts respond to these claims? In this paper, I draw out two central values from the literature on cross-cultural communication: …