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2013

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Climate Hope: Implementing The Exit Strategy, Henry Shue Jan 2013

Climate Hope: Implementing The Exit Strategy, Henry Shue

Chicago Journal of International Law

While Eric A. Posner and David Weisbach advocate that climate change and poverty be tackled separately, the realiZaion that only a single cumulative carbon emissions budget is available to accommodate all nations through all centuries of the current millennium shows why efforts to confront these two challenges are inextricably linked Once carbon dioxide from fossil fuels reaches the atmosphere, most molecules remain for several centuries. Therefore, most additions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere are effectively net additions to a rapidly swelling total accumulation. Total cumulative atmospheric carbon correlates strongly with maximum surface temperature. It is, consequently, urgent to cease …

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Post-Durban Climate Policy Architecture Based On Linkage Of Cap-And-Trade Systems, Matthew Ranson, Robert N. Stavins Jan 2013

Post-Durban Climate Policy Architecture Based On Linkage Of Cap-And-Trade Systems, Matthew Ranson, Robert N. Stavins

Chicago Journal of International Law

The outcome of the December 2011 United Nations climate negotiations in Durban, South Africa, provides an important new opportunity to move toward an international climate policy architecture that is capable of delivering broad international participation and significant global CO2 emissions reductions at reasonable cost. We evaluate one important component of potential climate policy architecture for the post-Durban era: links among independent tradable permit systems for greenhouse gases. Because linkage reduces the cost of achieving given targets, there is tremendous pressure to link existing and planned cap-and-trade systems, and in fact, a number of links already or will soon exist. We …

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Climate Policies Deserve A Negative Discount Rate, Marc Fleurbaey, Stephane Zuber Jan 2013

Climate Policies Deserve A Negative Discount Rate, Marc Fleurbaey, Stephane Zuber

Chicago Journal of International Law

Eric A. Posner and David Weisbach advocate discounting the future impacts of climate policies at the market rate of return in order to take account of opportunity costs; however, they suggest that the desirable amount of investment may have to be decided on ethical grounds. We argue that deriving the discount rate from a social welfare objective is preferable to the market rate because it both accounts for opportunity costs and suitably determines the amount of investment in climate policies that is desirable for future generations. Moreover, extending Martin Weitzman's and Christian Gollier's results on discounting under uncertainty, we show …

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Analysis Of The Us Case In Climate Change Negotiations, Yoram Margalioth Jan 2013

Analysis Of The Us Case In Climate Change Negotiations, Yoram Margalioth

Chicago Journal of International Law

I applaud Eric A. Posner and David Weisbach's courage in taking the academically unpopular stand of arguing that the US and other developed countries are not morally required to pay significant amounts of money (or money-equivalents such as emission permits) to developing countries in the context of climate change. I believe their book may help narrow the gap between developed and developing countries' perceptions of justice on this matter. I differ with them in three respects. First, I think that we should acknowledge the fact that developed countries are unwilling to transfer significant amounts of money (not just in the …

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Relationship Predictors Of Prenatal Maternal Representations Of The Child And Parenting Experiences One Year After Birth, Kylene Krause Jan 2013

Relationship Predictors Of Prenatal Maternal Representations Of The Child And Parenting Experiences One Year After Birth, Kylene Krause

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Bowlby’s attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1982) is one of the most dominant approaches used to describe and investigate attachment relationships and emotional development throughout the entire lifespan. However, attachment research is typically conducted through two distinct fields of psychology: developmental and social/ personality psychology. These two fields tend to use different research strategies and measures and focus on different types and aspects of relationships, yet both make important contributions to the attachment literature (Bartholomew & Shaver, 1998). The goal of this investigation was to integrate attachment research from these two fields of psychology in order to broaden psychological and scientific understanding …

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Reliability Of Ultrasound Measures Of The Transversus Abdominis: Effect Of Task And Transducer Position, Christian Larivière, Dany Gagnon, Eros De Oliveira, Sharon M. Henry, Hakim Mecheri, Jean-Pierre Dumas Jan 2013

Reliability Of Ultrasound Measures Of The Transversus Abdominis: Effect Of Task And Transducer Position, Christian Larivière, Dany Gagnon, Eros De Oliveira, Sharon M. Henry, Hakim Mecheri, Jean-Pierre Dumas

Études primaires

No abstract provided.

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Ultrasound Measures Of The Lumbar Multifidus: Effect Of Task And Transducer Position On Reliability, Christian Larivière, Dany Gagnon, Eros De Oliveira, Sharon M. Henry, Hakim Mecheri, Jean-Pierre Dumas Jan 2013

Ultrasound Measures Of The Lumbar Multifidus: Effect Of Task And Transducer Position On Reliability, Christian Larivière, Dany Gagnon, Eros De Oliveira, Sharon M. Henry, Hakim Mecheri, Jean-Pierre Dumas

Études primaires

No abstract provided.

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Language, Politics, And History: An Introductory Essay, José Del Valle Jan 2013

Language, Politics, And History: An Introductory Essay, José Del Valle

Publications and Research

This book chapter examines different articulations of language and history and introduces a new configuration that focuses on the political dimension of language.

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Urban Transitions: Making Connections Between Transportation To The Livable Environment, Adam Olson Jan 2013

Urban Transitions: Making Connections Between Transportation To The Livable Environment, Adam Olson

Landscape Architecture Theses

The dependence on personal vehicles for transportation continues to grow for Americans. This has changed the shape of our cities toward automobile oriented transportation over the past decades. In return cities have been designed to be vehicle friendly causing higher automobile traffic and lower pedestrian oriented neighborhoods; resulting in the expansion of the cities beyond the sustainable boundaries which depletes more agricultural lands and natural resources. This study explores the potential options available to reduce the automobile dependency and enhance multi-modal transportation within urban cores. This has been done by evaluating various case studies and their relevant implementations. This research …

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Promoted Ecological Migration: Preserving San Francisco Bay’S Tidal Wetlands, J. Louie Scheffler Jan 2013

Promoted Ecological Migration: Preserving San Francisco Bay’S Tidal Wetlands, J. Louie Scheffler

Landscape Architecture Theses

The intent of this research is to preserve and increase the resiliency of the native landscape in and around San Jose, California in regards to natural and man induced changes. Habitat near San Jose has been suffering from a loss in biodiversity since colonization by Europeans in the late 1700’s. Traditionally for urban areas, the outward rural edge contains the highest level of endemic species and biodiversity. These levels drop at a steady rate while approaching the urban center. The less diverse an ecosystem is the less productive it becomes. This is important since economic well being is intrinsically tied …

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The Transitional Community: Integrating Students Into The Community Of St. Joseph, Mn, Kyle Krueger Jan 2013

The Transitional Community: Integrating Students Into The Community Of St. Joseph, Mn, Kyle Krueger

Landscape Architecture Theses

Community design’s primary benefactors are the home owners and children forgetting about the young adults of the community. In some towns, but especially college towns, the population of young adults is the majority and not having these young adults interacting with the community can have a negative effect. By integrating young adults into the St. Joseph, MN urban landscape they will improve the city’s cultural identity as well as their own self efficacy. Through case study analysis and observations this study will attempt to integrate young adults within their communities utilizing their full potential.

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White And Black, No Room For Gray: Why We Need Contrast To Be Green, Richard Aubol Jan 2013

White And Black, No Room For Gray: Why We Need Contrast To Be Green, Richard Aubol

Landscape Architecture Theses

The American Dream is to have a good job in the city, a house and family on your own parcel in a good suburb and nice car or three in the driveway; the bigger the property the better. When one looks at the modern city in plain view, the largest area of developed land is devoted to residential use. It is the American Dream according to this standard that drives the dissipating and unsustainable sprawl of cities (commercial, civic and other developments catch up with pioneering residential areas). There usually simply isn’t room for everyone to have their own exclusive …

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The Human Senses: Designing Beyond Intuition, April Lipatan Jan 2013

The Human Senses: Designing Beyond Intuition, April Lipatan

Landscape Architecture Theses

This thesis project will explore how multi-sensory experiences can be merged with landscape architecture as a supplement to communicate the meaning of place. The problem of landscape architects not fully understanding the senses and their processes needs to be addressed in order to create designs that are beyond our intuition. Landscape architects can better communicate the experiences humans have with built environments by better understanding how the senses work as communication tools. The problem is the lack of knowledge on the senses in this field. Landscape architects have the capacity to integrate humans into spatial elements creating meaningful places, and …

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4th And Sustainable: A Balanced Design Approach For The Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (Arden Hills, Mn), Zach Johnson Jan 2013

4th And Sustainable: A Balanced Design Approach For The Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (Arden Hills, Mn), Zach Johnson

Landscape Architecture Theses

With a lack of appreciation and the underestimation of the importance and benefits a sustainable ecosystem can provide in today’s society, it has become a topic that needs to be tended to. A great way to approach the design of sustainable sites, is to follow the guidelines of The Sustainable Sites Initiative(SITES), as well as find a project that can utilize them, and raise awareness in the publics eye. With the large budget and exposure a stadium receives, it is a strong development type to pair with the guidelines for SITES. This pairing can positively regenerate both sustainable ecosystems and …

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Urban Greenway Transformation: Multi-Functional Design Alternatives For The Fargo Community, David L. Eisenbraun Jan 2013

Urban Greenway Transformation: Multi-Functional Design Alternatives For The Fargo Community, David L. Eisenbraun

Landscape Architecture Theses

This study assesses how citywide greenway systems connect and strengthen neighborhoods, provide recreational opportunities, enhance options to use multi-modal transportation, and expand usable green spaces. A pedestrian trail-greenway system can link spaces to enrich the dynamics within city neighborhoods by creating efficient, invigorating and adaptable spaces. With the ability to augment social attributes within various neighborhoods, this cohesive pedestrian spine throughout the City of Fargo helps to generate a unified, lasting, and healthy community. The proposal provides access to various amenities within this central spine while diverse uses encourage social interaction and safety.

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Virtual Space | Creating A Digital Sense Of Place, Jacob Williams Jan 2013

Virtual Space | Creating A Digital Sense Of Place, Jacob Williams

Landscape Architecture Theses

The recent advancements in computer technology in the 21st century have changed the way many designers work in offices today. New computer software has allowed us to actualize works of landscape architecture that could have never been designed in the past using traditional drawing methods. Designers of the built environment have embraced new ideas and forms of virtual representations to present work which has evolved the landscape architecture profession in many ways. The drawing ability of designers is no longer a limit in expressing their imaginations due to new forms of digital art. As one of the most important aspects …

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Surfaces Modulate Β-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease., Elizabeth Anne Yates Jan 2013

Surfaces Modulate Β-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease., Elizabeth Anne Yates

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, a late onset neurodegenerative disease, is the presence of neuritic amyloid plaques deposited within the brain composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregates. Aβ can aggregate into a variety of polymorphic aggregate structures under different chemical environments, specifically affected by the presence of differing surfaces. There are several point mutations clustered around the central hydrophobic core of Aβ (E22G Arctic mutation, E22K Italian mutation, D23N Iowa mutation, and A21G Flemish mutation). These mutations are associated with hereditary diseases ranging from almost pure cerebral amyloid angiopathy to typical Alzheimer's disease pathology with both plaques and tangles. To …

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From Preparation To Practice: An Applied Sports Broadcasting Course, Marney Rae Mathiasen Jan 2013

From Preparation To Practice: An Applied Sports Broadcasting Course, Marney Rae Mathiasen

Communication

This project establishes the immense popularity of sports and explores the connection between sports and society, while establishing past weaknesses of broadcast education. It provides evidence of previous philosophical differences that existed between journalism educators and journalists, and explains the benefits of an applied learning course that emphasizes strong writing skills. This project provides details on sixteen weeks of course content, addresses both student and course assessment, and summarizes the overall strengths and weaknesses of the proposed course.

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Explaining Adolescent Behavior Intention To Consume Fast Food Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Julie Lynn Fudge Jan 2013

Explaining Adolescent Behavior Intention To Consume Fast Food Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Julie Lynn Fudge

Communication

This study tested the utility of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain adolescent fast-food consumption among 349 high school adolescents. Subjective norms were further investigated to identify how parents and friends influenced adolescent fast-food consumption. Study participants completed a paper-based questionnaire measuring adolescent attitude, subjective norms for parents and friends, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention. Path analysis revealed that TPB explained adolescent fast-food behavioral intention to consume fast food. The model identified parent subjective norms had the strongest relationship with adolescent behavioral intention to consume fast food. Parent norms differed across age and grade in high school. …

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Funding The Technology Of A Research University, Jean Ostrom-Blonigen Jan 2013

Funding The Technology Of A Research University, Jean Ostrom-Blonigen

Communication

Using the central information technology unit (CITU) on the North Dakota State University (NDSU) campus, this project triangulated two independent studies in an effort to converge data findings. The studies were conducted in an effort to determine whether CITU’s budget constraints were known to its stakeholders and how the extended use of the theory of Communication Privacy Management (CPM) into this organizational communication setting might be possible. The studies, which were both conducted by a CITU employee (participant/observer) included: 1) an online email survey involving 244 non-student employee participants and 2) interviews with 21 non-student employees. In Study #1, the …

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Once A Member, Always A Member: Identification Inducement Messages In National Sorority Magazines, Jessica Marie Rick Jan 2013

Once A Member, Always A Member: Identification Inducement Messages In National Sorority Magazines, Jessica Marie Rick

Communication

As sorority membership numbers keep rising, national sororities need to be cognizant of the ways in which they may induce their members to remain active and involved within the organization. Identification inducement messages are one way in which sorority organizations can continually reinforce organizational identification within their membership. This thesis sought to discover the strategies and tactics found in national sorority magazines and expand Cheney's (1983b) identification inducement typology. A content analysis of 25 articles found new ways in which the strategies and tactics were used. All four strategies - common ground, identification through antithesis, assumed "we," and identifying symbols …

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Leaving The Family: Exit From Totalistic Organizations, Amorette Nicole Hinderaker Jan 2013

Leaving The Family: Exit From Totalistic Organizations, Amorette Nicole Hinderaker

Communication

The purpose of this study was to explore how members exit totalistic organizations. Existing organizational communication research has treated employee membership in an employment institution as the universal organizational relationship. This study argues that certain organizational relationships are best understood not by the presence or absence of pay, however, but in relation to the extent of organizational reach into the member's life outside the organization. This study advances the notion that such totalistic organizations share important characteristics including value-based memberships, centrality of organizational values to the member's life, the involvement of primary relationships, and a requirement of organizational fealty. This …

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"Giving Rope And Pulling It Back" : Types And Patterns Of Strategies Used By Parents To Prevent Adolescent Substance (Ab)Use, Shweta Sharma Jan 2013

"Giving Rope And Pulling It Back" : Types And Patterns Of Strategies Used By Parents To Prevent Adolescent Substance (Ab)Use, Shweta Sharma

Communication

This study contributes to the INC theory by adding the stage of prevention to the parent-child relationships' timeline. Ten parents (six mothers and four fathers) were interviewed, and a memory enhancing timeline calendar was used to encourage parents to recall and talk about when they were trying to prevent substance (ab)use. Prevention strategies were coded on the basis of Inconsistent Nurturing as Control (INC) theory. Nurturing strategies consisted of 1.) Promoting open discussions, 2.) Monitoring behavior and activities in respectful ways, and 3.) Presenting a model for responsible use. Punishing strategies consisted of 1.) Reinforcing discipline and rules, 2.) Forcing …

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Incivility In The Informal Workplace: A Case Study Of Emerald Lutheran Church, Jared Nathan Fougner Jan 2013

Incivility In The Informal Workplace: A Case Study Of Emerald Lutheran Church, Jared Nathan Fougner

Communication

This study examined how incivility is expressed in an informal church organization and the impact relationships among those in the organization have on incivility. The researcher had staff members of the church complete journals. The researcher also observed the staff for one week and then conducted interviews based on the observations and journals. The researcher then coded data and grouped it into overarching themes. Themes that emerged about displays of incivility included: interrupting or not respecting another's ideas and yelling and gossiping behind each other's backs. The researcher examined these themes in terms of the relationships that exist among these …

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Injecting Safety-Critical Certification Into Agile Software Methods, Scott James Minot Jan 2013

Injecting Safety-Critical Certification Into Agile Software Methods, Scott James Minot

Computer Science

Agility offers an adaptable and changeable environment within software development. The benefits that agile methods provide for software development are becoming an even greater possibility in safety-critical software programs. These certified programs go through a rigorous process to ensure the safety of all people involved. As the systems become more complex and there is a need for adaptability, the benefits of agile could save companies considerable time and money without sacrificing the safety factor. In this paper, I will provide ways of incorporating certification for highly critical systems by using a form of agility tailored to fit certification requirements. With …

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Evaluation Of Firefly Algorithm Using Benchmark Functions, Anuroop Kundur Jan 2013

Evaluation Of Firefly Algorithm Using Benchmark Functions, Anuroop Kundur

Computer Science

The field of nature inspired computing and optimization techniques have evolved to solve the difficult optimization problems in diverse fields of engineering, science and technology. The Firefly algorithm is one of the several nature inspired algorithms that have been developed in the recent past and is inspired from the flashing behavior of the fireflies. The flashing behavior of the fireflies is to attract other fireflies in the group for mating. The less bright firefly will be attracted by the brighter one. As all the fireflies are assumed to be unisexual, each firefly is attracted to the other. This process is …

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Originalism And The Unwritten Constitution, Lawrence B. Solum Jan 2013

Originalism And The Unwritten Constitution, Lawrence B. Solum

Faculty Scholarship

In his book, America’s Unwritten Constitution, Akhil Reed Amar contends that to properly engage the written Constitution, scholars and laymen alike must look to extratextual sources: among them America’s founding documents, institutional practices, and ethos, all of which constitute Amar’s “unwritten Constitution.” In this Article, I argue that contemporary originalist constitutional theory is consistent with reliance on extraconstitutional sources in certain circumstances. I establish a framework for revaluating the use of extratextual sources. That framework categorizes extratextual sources and explains their relevance to constitutional interpretation (the meaning of the text) and constitutional construction (elaboration of constitutional doctrine and decision of …

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Vector-Vector Patterns For Agricultural Data, Eric Momsen Jan 2013

Vector-Vector Patterns For Agricultural Data, Eric Momsen

Computer Science

Agriculture is increasingly driven by massive data, and some challenges are not covered by existing statistics, machine learning, or data mining techniques. Many crops are characterized not only by yield but also by quality measures, such as sugar content and sugar lost to molasses for sugarbeets. The set of features furthermore contains time series data, such as rainfall and periodic satellite imagery. This study examines the problem of identifying relationships in a complex data set, in which there are vectors (multiple attributes) for both the explanatory and response conditions. This problem can be characterized as a vector-vector pattern mining problem. …

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Finding The Most Predictive Data Source In Biological Data, Ushashi Chakraborty Jan 2013

Finding The Most Predictive Data Source In Biological Data, Ushashi Chakraborty

Computer Science

Classification can be used to predict unknown functions of proteins by using known function information. In some cases, multiple sets of data are available for classification where prediction is only part of the problem, and knowing the most reliable source for prediction is also relevant. Our goal is to develop classification techniques to find the most predictive of the multiple data sets that we have in this project. We use existing classification techniques like linear and quadratic classifications and statistical relevance measures like posterior and log p analysis in our proposed algorithm, which is able to find the data set …

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Mining Communities From Multi-Layered Graphs, Meng Chao Jan 2013

Mining Communities From Multi-Layered Graphs, Meng Chao

Computer Science

Identifying communities from networks has been a subject of great interest in Biological and Social network analysis. Finding communities can help with tasks such as identifying and fighting disease. Using graphs to represent networks and identifying dense subgraphs as communities within these graphs is an increasingly important area of study. Many of the same entities can be found in multiple networks, each representing a different type of relationship. These graphs capturing different relationships between the same entities can be combined into a single graph called a “multi-layered graph”. By finding dense subgraphs containing the same entities within multiple layers of …

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