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One Potato, Two Potato, Sea Potato, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Envelope Determinants Of Equine Lentiviral Vaccine Protection, Jodi K. Craigo, Corin Ezzelarab, Sheila J. Cook, Chong Liu, David W. Horohov, Charles J. Issel, Ronald C. Montelaro

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Lentiviral envelope (Env) antigenic variation and associated immune evasion present major obstacles to vaccine development. The concept that Env is a critical determinant for vaccine efficacy is well accepted, however defined correlates of protection associated with Env variation have yet to be determined. We reported an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine study that directly examined the effect of lentiviral Env sequence variation on vaccine efficacy. The study identified a significant, inverse, linear correlation between vaccine efficacy and increasing divergence of the challenge virus Env gp90 protein compared to the vaccine virus gp90. The report demonstrated approximately 100% protection …

Talker-Specific Influences On Phonetic Boundaries And Internal Category Structure, Janice Ann Lomibao

Master's Theses

Recent findings indicate that listeners are sensitive to talker differences in phonetic properties of speech, including voice-onset-time (VOT) in word-initial stop consonants. The current work extends our earlier research by examining the degree to which listeners adjust the initial mapping from acoustic signal to segmental representation on a talker-specific basis. Two groups of listeners are exposed to a talker producing “cane.” Word-initial VOTs are manipulated such that one group hears “cane” produced with short VOTs and the other group hears “cane” produced with relatively longer VOTs. Following training, listeners’ voicing boundary for a /g/-/k/ continuum was tested. In addition, listeners …

Enabling Fermentation Utilization Of Pyrolytic Substrates For The Production Of Biorenewable Fuels And Chemicals, Laura Jarboe, Zhiyou Wen, Robert Brown

BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals

No abstract provided.

Metabolic Engineering Of Clostridium Cellulolyticum For Advanced Biofuel Production, Andrea Liedtke, Stefan Jennewein

BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Assessments Of Microalgae Direct Transesterification For Biodiesel Production, G. Oliveri, I. Gargano, R. Marotta, R. Andreozzi, A. Marzocchella

BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Narrative-Oriented Qualities Of The Learner's Encounter With Unfamiliarity, Jonathan S. Spackman

Theses and Dissertations

Learning, as embodied familiarization, is described as an embodied, non-representational, and non-mechanistic experience. Within this theoretical framework, a qualitative study is presented that offers a deeper understanding of the learner's encounter with unfamiliarity -- a key lived experience of embodied familiarization. Assertions related to encounters with unfamiliarity are made through a multiple case study analysis and a deeper understanding of the assertions is offered by way of a narrative-oriented framework. From this perspective, agentive, concernful, dispositional and meaningful aspects of learning are discernible.

The Effect Of Prenatal And Postnatal Care On Childhood Obesity, Michael M. O. Seipel, Kevin Shafer

Faculty Publications

Childhood obesity continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. If this problem is unresolved, some children will be at risk for disorders such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer and will become a high economic and social burden for society. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child and Young Adult sample (N = 6,643), this study examined the relationship between the effect of pre- and postnatal characteristics and obesity. The findings of this study show that the probability of childhood obesity can be lessened if pregnant women do not smoke and …

Miniaturized Electrostatic Ion Beam Trap Mass Analyzer, Junting Wang

Theses and Dissertations

The electrostatic ion beam trap (EIBT) was designed by D. Zajfman during the previous decade. This ion trap combines many properties of the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass analyzer and time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer. There are several advantages for the electrostatic ion beam trap. First, large mass-to-charge particles in an electrostatic field could be easier to analyze. Second, there is a folded flight path, which could make the mass analyzer smaller compared to conventional TOF mass analyzer. This principle of operation of this ion trap is analogous to an optical resonator. The ions are trapped in a voltage valley …

The Yin And Yang Of Coastal Carbon, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

The Mechanistic Involvement Of Vanin-1 In Protection Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity, Daniel W. Ferreira

Doctoral Dissertations

Pretreatment with peroxisome proliferators (PPs) is protective in rodent models of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Protection is associated with an induction of vascular non-inflammatory molecule 1 (Vanin-1; Vnn1) gene expression in liver. This thesis investigates whether Vnn1 expression is protective against APAP-induced toxicity and whether Vnn1 upregulation is involved in the PP-mediated mechanism of protection.

Mice lacking Vnn1 are more susceptible to APAP hepatotoxicity despite no apparent differences in APAP bioactivation or detoxification pathways. Enhanced susceptibility to APAP in Vnn1 knockout mice is associated with a deficiency in compensatory immune cell infiltration and hepatocellular repair in and around areas of hepatic …

Project Omoverhi : Low-Cost, Neonatal Incubator, Richard Fong, Guillermo Gallardo, William Jeffery, Danny Maeda, Gabriel Romero

Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses

Project Omoverhi, since its beginning in 2010-2011, has been focused on creating an incubator that has the capability of operating completely off grid. This year the project has been focused on redesigning the original system to reduce the cost to approximately $1000. In addition to this we have designed and implemented a control system that enables the user to set a desired temperature which can be maintained to within 1 degree Celsius. Before the project is able to be completed further work must be done. The thermal storage system that was initially proposed by the original team still needs to …

Genetic Diversity And Conservation Of Old-Growth Cross Timbers Forest, Warren Chatwin, Dr. Leigh Johnson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My project “Genetic Diversity and Conservation of Old-Growth Cross Timbers Forest” has been undoubtedly the best learning experience of my undergraduate career. The project did not go at all like I had planned, but it gave me a taste of realworld scientific exploration and allowed me to practice some of the things I’ve learned in class. I’ve adapted to challenges, changed my plans, overcome obstacles through creative thinking and sheer diligence, and collaborated with colleagues who are working on the same organism. These skills will be invaluable in my future career as a research professor. I will see this project …

Detection Of Genetic Variants Affecting Mmp Protein Expression: A Genome-Wide Association Study Approach, Krista Klingler, Dr. John Kauwe

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting over 35 million people worldwide. However, the pathology of the disease is not fully understood. Because of this, no cure for the disease currently exists, and once a patient has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, death usually occurs within ten years.¹ This has led to a concentrated effort on understanding the genetics behind Alzheimer’s disease.

The Neuroprotective Effects Of Exercise On Ltd In The Hippocampus, Adam Field, Dr. Jeff Edwards

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In April of 2012, IACUC committee approved the methods which we had set forth for the carrying out of the experiment. At this point we began gathering the tools and materials needed for the performing of the experiment. Mice were obtained, and the electrophysiological research begun.

The Efffect Of Precipitation Frequency And Magnitude On Engelmann Spruce, Sarah Karlinsey, Dr. Richard Gill

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I was able to present my findings in poster-­‐form at the Ecological Society of America conference in Portland, Oregon in August. Dr. Gill and I are now in the process of writing up a paper about our work to be submitted to Tree Physiology or the Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

Student Resistance To The Inquiry Method Of Instruction In The Biological Sciences, Liahona Hamblin, Dr. Jamie Jensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this study was to test student resistance to the inquiry method of instruction in tertiary introductory biology classes. Proven to be beneficial, the “inquiry” method differs from confirmatory “cookbook” laboratory experiences in that students explore phenomena and solve problems (Prince & Felder, 2007). This research was sparked by evidence that students tend to show resistance to student-centered instruction (of which inquiry is a part) (Felder, 2011; Prince & Felder, 2007). This research began with three specific aims: to define resistance based on learning theory, to quantify that resistance, and to test our hypotheses that reasoning ability, learning …

Novel And Integrative Approaches To Articulating The Pancrustacean Tree Of Life, Alan Colver, Dr. Keith Crandall

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The taxonomic group Pancrustacea encompasses more than half of the world species. The two main groups within Pancrustacea are the crustaceans and hexapods (insects). Understanding these two groups will aid in preservation, population control, and economic pursuits involving these groups. In our evolutionary analysis, six different genes, which are good indicators of evolutionary divergence (Felsenstein, 2003), were analyzed to gain a much deeper understanding of the relationships among these species than ever before and to hopefully resolve much of the controversy in the scientific community concerning their evolution (Jenner, 2010).

Premature Osteoarthritis In The Temporomandibular Joint Of Heterozygous Disporportionate Micromelia Mice, Jason Farrell, Dr. Robert Seegmiller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this study, as also summarized in the proposal for this research grant, was to analyze the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of mice with a specific collagen defect, Disproportionate Micromelia. Examining these joints was done to provide an animal model to be used in Osteoarthritis research, and to propose a potential mechanism for osteoarthritis in this joint in humans. Better understanding of Osteoarthritis in this joint using an animal model can help lead to potential future treatments for a wide variety of TMJ disorders.

Mitochondrial Energetics Of Benthic And Pelagic Antarctic Teleosts., Eloy Martinez, Michael A. Menze, Joseph J. Torres

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Antarctic fauna are highly adapted to the frigid waters of the Southern Ocean. This study describes the in vitro temperature sensitivity of oxygen consumption rates measured in liver mitochondria from the pelagic notothenioid Pleuragramma antarcticum between 5 and 35 C. Oxygen fluxes were measured after the addition of millimolar levels of pyruvate, malate, succinate and glutamate (state II, LEAK) and saturating levels of ADP [state III, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)]. State III respiration significantly decreased above 18.7 C. A comparison of the oxidative capacities among P. antarcticum and other notothenioids showed significant differences in state III respiration, where benthic species exhibited …

The Challenges Of Cognitive Aging: Integrating Approaches From Science To Intergenerational Relationships, Peter J. Whitehouse

Faculty Scholarship

The individual and social challenges created by population aging and especially the growing number of people labeled with dementia demand new innovative and comprehensive approaches. A broader integrative biology needs to replace reductionist, overly simplistic biomedical solutions that dominate today's scientific discourse, particularly with regards to cognitive aging. Alzheimer's disease is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized more fully at a system rather than molecular level. Coordinated scientific and community responses are needed including new attention to intergenerational relationships, innovative learning organizations, and empowering health practices. The Intergenerational School is a successful public charter school which provides learning opportunities for elementary school …

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Applied Hypergame Theory For Network Defense, Alan S. Gibson

Theses and Dissertations

Cyber operations are the most important aspect of military conflicts in the 21st century, but unfortunately they are also among the least understood. The continual battle for network dominance between attackers and defenders is considered to be a complex game. Hypergame theory is an extension of game theory that addresses the kind of games where misperception exists, as is often the case in military engagements. Hypergame theory, like game theory, uses a game model to determine strategy selection, but goes beyond game theory by examining subgames that exist within the full game. The inclusion of misperception and misinformation in the …

Kernel Extended Real-Valued Negative Selection Algorithm (Kernsa), Brett A . Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) are a type of statistical Machine Learning (ML) algorithm based on the Biological Immune System (BIS) applied to classification problems. Inspired by increased performance in other ML algorithms when combined with kernel methods, this research explores using kernel methods as the distance measure for a specific AIS algorithm, the Real-valued Negative Selection Algorithm (RNSA). This research also demonstrates that the hard binary decision from the traditional RNSA can be relaxed to a continuous output, while maintaining the ability to map back to the original RNSA decision boundary if necessary. Continuous output is used in this research …

When Congress Practices Medicine: How Congressional Legislation Of Medical Judgment May Infringe A Fundamental Right, Shannon L. Pedersen

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Flight On Gene Expression And Aging In The Honey Bee Brain And Flight Muscle, Joseph W. Margotta, Georgina E. Mancinelli, Azucena A. Benito, Andrew Ammons, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Honeybees Move through a Series of In-Hive Tasks (E.g., "Nursing") to Outside Tasks (E.g., "Foraging") that Are Coincident with Physiological Changes and Higher Levels of Metabolic Activity. Social Context Can Cause Worker Bees to Speed Up or Slow Down This Process, and Foragers May Revert Back to their Earlier In-Hive Tasks Accompanied by Reversion to Earlier Physiological States. to Investigate the Effects of Flight, Behavioral State and Age on Gene Expression, We Used Whole-Genome Microarrays and Real-Time PCR. Brain Tissue and Flight Muscle Exhibited Different Patterns of Expression during Behavioral Transitions, with Expression Patterns in the Brain Reflecting Both Age …

Spatial And Temporal Patterns In Macrofaunal Diversity Components Relative To Sea Floor Landscape, Roman Zajac, Brittney R. Gibbons, Joseph M. Vozarik

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

We examined temporal changes in macrofaunal α- and β-diversity over several spatial scales (within patches, among patches, across landscapes and across regions) in Long Island Sound on the northeast USA coast. Regional ε-diversity was estimated at 144 taxa, however γ-diversity fluctuated over time as did α- and β-diversity components. Based on additive partitioning, patch- and region-scale β-diversity components generally had the highest contributions to γ-diversity; lower percentages were found at within-patch and landscape scales. Multiplicative diversity partitioning indicated highest species turnover at within- and among patch scales. For all partition results, within-patch and patch-scale β-diversity increased sharply when hypoxia impacted …

Lignin Conversion Into Bio-Based Chemicals, Pietro Palmisano

BioEnergy IV: Innovations in Biomass Conversion for Heat, Power, Fuels and Chemicals

No abstract provided.

A Novel Lactococcal Vaccine Expressing A Peptide From The M2 Antigen Of H5n2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus Prolongs Survival Of Vaccinated Chickens, Kaleb A. Reese, Christopher R. Lupfer, Rudd C. Johnson, Georgi M. Mitev, Valerie M. Mullen, Bruce L. Geller, Manoj Pastey

College of Natural and Applied Sciences

A cost-effective and efficacious influenza vaccine for use in commercial poultry farms would help protect against avian influenza outbreaks. Current influenza vaccines for poultry are expensive and subtype specific, and therefore there is an urgent need to develop a universal avian influenza vaccine. We have constructed a live bacterial vaccine against avian influenza by expressing a conserved peptide from the ectodomain of M2 antigen (M2e) on the surface of Lactococcus lactis (LL). Chickens were vaccinated intranasally with the lactococcal vaccine (LL-M2e) or subcutaneously with keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin conjugated M2e (KLH-M2e). Vaccinated and nonvaccinated birds were challenged with high pathogenic avian influenza virus …