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2013

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Trash Brings A New Diet Water Conservation In Cape Verde, Africa, Tanner Goff, Dr. Bruce Woolley Aug 2013

Trash Brings A New Diet Water Conservation In Cape Verde, Africa, Tanner Goff, Dr. Bruce Woolley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In Sub-Saharan African countries the resource of most significance, we Americans take for granted: water. The African people know this and strive to minimize wasting such a precious resource. However, with little education on how to conserve water, waste is inevitable. The country of Cape Verde is no stranger to a huge water deficit and this water deficit has a direct effect on the diet of the people. Most of the country relies on beans and rice with no variety of vegetables in their diet. The typical Cape Verdeans diet is characterized by “repeated rice meals” and “as the water …

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Yersinia Murine Toxin And Its Potential Role In Preventing Killing Of Yersinia Pestis Via Hympthiocyanate, Sarah Pyne-Gehen, Dr. David Erickson Aug 2013

Yersinia Murine Toxin And Its Potential Role In Preventing Killing Of Yersinia Pestis Via Hympthiocyanate, Sarah Pyne-Gehen, Dr. David Erickson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is transmitted by fleas such as the Oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis. Very little is known about the Y. pestis factors that are important in establishing a transmissible infection in fleas. The Yersinia Murine Toxin (Ymt) is an intracellular phospholipase enzyme that is required for Y. pestis to survive inside the midgut after fleas take an infectious blood meal (1). The basis for the Ymt requirement is unknown.

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The Medical Case For A Positron Emission Tomography And X-Ray Computed Tomography Combined Service In Oman, Naima K. Al-Bulushi, Dale Bailey, Giuliano Aug 2013

The Medical Case For A Positron Emission Tomography And X-Ray Computed Tomography Combined Service In Oman, Naima K. Al-Bulushi, Dale Bailey, Giuliano

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

The value of a positron emission tomography and X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) combined service in terms of diagnostic accuracy, cost-effectiveness and impact on clinical decision-making is welldocumented in the literature. Its role in the management of patients presenting with cancer is shifting from early staging and restaging to the early assessment of the treatment response. Currently, the application of PET/CT has extended to non-oncological specialties—mainly neurology, cardiology and rheumatology. A further emerging application for PET/CT is the imaging of infection/inflammation. This article illustrates some of the PET/CT applications in both oncological and non-oncological disorders. In view of the absence of …

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Impact Of Valvular Prosthesis Type On Cardiovascular Outcomes In Patients On Chronic Dialysis, Jamil Hajj-Chahine, Ziad S. Dahdouh, Tony Aug 2013

Impact Of Valvular Prosthesis Type On Cardiovascular Outcomes In Patients On Chronic Dialysis, Jamil Hajj-Chahine, Ziad S. Dahdouh, Tony

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

There is conflicting evidence guiding valve prosthesis selection in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. We sought to determine, after reviewing the relevant literature, the best valve substitute in patients on chronic dialysis. A total of 9 retrospective studies compared the outcomes of two valves, showing similar results and highlighting the safety of implanting bioprostheses in patients on chronic dialysis. Standards of valve selection have changed over time; it has long been believed that tissue valves undergo premature degeneration due to calcium metabolism derangements in patients with end-stage renal disease. Bleeding was the most common valve-related complication and represented …

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Let There Be Light! Indexing Materials From Digital Commons In Apache Solr Via Oai-Pmh, Graham Hukill Aug 2013

Let There Be Light! Indexing Materials From Digital Commons In Apache Solr Via Oai-Pmh, Graham Hukill

Digital Commons Great Lakes User Group Annual Meeting

No abstract provided.

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The Relationship Of Temporal Discounting And Working Alliance To Substance Abuse Treatment Process In Hispanic Adolescents, James John Weidel Aug 2013

The Relationship Of Temporal Discounting And Working Alliance To Substance Abuse Treatment Process In Hispanic Adolescents, James John Weidel

Open Access Dissertations

The association between impulsivity and substance abuse has important implications in the clinical substance abuse treatment field. Adolescents who are characteristically more impulsive by nature of their developmental may be more at risk for treatment failure. The inclination by which individuals devalue future rewards in favor of more immediate rewards with lower monetary values is a type of impulsivity that has received much attention in the substance abuse research field. Identified as temporal discounting (TD) or delay discounting, this phenomenon is not only a factor that influences substance abuse, but also may be a factor that leads to failure in …

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Assessing The Reliability Of Stable Isotopes In Fossil Bone: A Unique Case Study Of Prehistoric Lung Pathology., Kathleen Bundy, Samuel D. Matson Aug 2013

Assessing The Reliability Of Stable Isotopes In Fossil Bone: A Unique Case Study Of Prehistoric Lung Pathology., Kathleen Bundy, Samuel D. Matson

Student Research Initiative

Mammals at Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park (NE Nebraska) offer a unique opportunity to test for the preservation of primary isotopic signatures in fossilized materials. At this site, large herbivores such as rhinoceroses, horses and camels are buried in volcanic ash sourced from an eruption of the Bruneau-Jarbridge caldera (Idaho/Nevada) ca. 11.8 million years ago. Most fossils from Ashfall display pathologic bone symptomatic of a lung disease (hypertrophic osteopathy or HPOA) likely related to inhalation of volcanic ash. In this study, we compare the stable oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of pathologic bone with that of normal cortical …

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Clemson Commencement Program, August 2013, Clemson University Aug 2013

Clemson Commencement Program, August 2013, Clemson University

Clemson Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

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Society Of American Archivists Lone Arranger Roundtable Diversity Survey Addendum, Alexis Braun Marks Aug 2013

Society Of American Archivists Lone Arranger Roundtable Diversity Survey Addendum, Alexis Braun Marks

Faculty Scholarship - University Library

No abstract provided.

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Radiolytic Mapping Of Solvent-Contact Surfaces In Photosystem Ii Of Higher Plants: Experimental Identification Of Putative Water Channels Within The Photosystem, Laurie K. Frankel, Larry Sallans, Henry Bellamy, Jost S. Goettert, Patrick A. Limbach, Terry M. Bricker Aug 2013

Radiolytic Mapping Of Solvent-Contact Surfaces In Photosystem Ii Of Higher Plants: Experimental Identification Of Putative Water Channels Within The Photosystem, Laurie K. Frankel, Larry Sallans, Henry Bellamy, Jost S. Goettert, Patrick A. Limbach, Terry M. Bricker

Faculty Publications

Background: Substrate water must reach the buried Mn4O 5Ca cluster in Photosystem II. Results: OH produced by radiolysis modified buried amino acid residues. These were mapped onto the PS II crystal structure. Conclusion: Two groups of oxidized residues were identified which form putative pathways to the Mn4O5Ca cluster. Significance: Identification of water and oxygen channels is crucial for our understanding of Photosystem II function. © 2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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Improvement Of Malaria Diagnosis Techniques In Low-Income Areas, Trenden Flanigan, Dr. Eric Wilson Aug 2013

Improvement Of Malaria Diagnosis Techniques In Low-Income Areas, Trenden Flanigan, Dr. Eric Wilson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Malaria causes over 1 million deaths every year worldwide. Due to the difficulty in obtaining a precise diagnosis, combined with nonspecific symptoms in early stages (fever, aches, fatigue), many cases are misdiagnosed. Diagnosis methods are generally done through visual examination of peripheral blood smears or rapid diagnostic tests. Due to transient low levels of parasitemia in patients, these diagnostic methods often result in false negatives. By separating the parasitized erythrocytes from the others, the sensitivity of diagnostic tests improves. This was demonstrated by using a novel blood smear technique that introduces centrifugation and isolation into the conventional smear or by …

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Phou Localization In Escherichia Coli, Austin Callison, Dr. William R. Mccleary Aug 2013

Phou Localization In Escherichia Coli, Austin Callison, Dr. William R. Mccleary

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Just as simpler systems are studied to better understand more complex systems, E. coli has long been a standard for biological experiments aimed at a more complete comprehension of the mechanisms that propitiate cell life. One of these vital mechanisms in E. coli is the uptake of phosphate (Pi) in varying levels of environmental phosphorous. Pi is a key element involved in cell membranes, DNA, RNA, and metabolism in E. coli. This uptake is accomplished by the cooperation of the PstSCAB2, PhoU, PhoR and PhoB proteins in phosphate poor environments1. PhoU acts as a negative regulator of the Pho operon …

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Development Of Humanized Mice As A Model For The Study Of Neuro-Aids, German Cuadra, Dr. Bradford Berges Aug 2013

Development Of Humanized Mice As A Model For The Study Of Neuro-Aids, German Cuadra, Dr. Bradford Berges

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Our main goal of this project was to document the existence of human macrophages in the brain of humanized mice. After the accomplishment of this goal, we planned to infect humanized mice with HIV and find out if these human macrophages support infection in mouse brain tissue. We hypothesize that humanized mice will have human macrophages engrafted in the brain and that these cells will become infected with HIV via normal pathways after introduction of virus via other routes, as in humans. By identifying these cells in humanized mice, we plan to develop a mechanism to study the relationship between …

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The Role Of Nectin In Zyxin Localization, Jace Bullard, Dr. Marc Hansen Aug 2013

The Role Of Nectin In Zyxin Localization, Jace Bullard, Dr. Marc Hansen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A major difficulty of treating cancer rises from its ability to metastasize. During metastasis, strong adhesions between cells break, allowing individual cells to separate and migrate to different locations in the body. Strong cell-cell junctions are formed by protein interactions between actin cables and cell junction proteins. Zyxin is an actin regulator that localizes at cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions. Our lab has shown that cells expressing constitutively active forms of zyxin lose the ability to completely detach from each other, a result of maintained actin-membrane associations. How zyxin is localized to the cell membrane is unknown. Given zyxin’s role in maintaining …

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Biophysical Cell Membrane Changes During Chemotherapeutic Drug-Induced Apoptosis, Amanda Berbert, Dr. John Bell Aug 2013

Biophysical Cell Membrane Changes During Chemotherapeutic Drug-Induced Apoptosis, Amanda Berbert, Dr. John Bell

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Our project provided us the opportunity to gain insight into how chemotherapy drugs affect the cell membrane and how secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) can work in tandem with these drugs to accelerate the cell death process. The enzyme sPLA2 produces a pro-inflammatory response that plays an important role in wound protection and healing and is also associated with diseases including septic shock, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This enzyme preferentially hydrolyzes cells that exhibit specific physical membrane properties in response to cellular trauma or apoptosis (programmed cell death). We hypothesized that although chemotherapeutic agents work through different mechanisms, the …

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Simultaneous Decision Making Of Optimal Toll Levels And Locations In A Multi-Class Network Equilibrium: Genetic Algorithm Approach, Zegeye K. Gurmu Aug 2013

Simultaneous Decision Making Of Optimal Toll Levels And Locations In A Multi-Class Network Equilibrium: Genetic Algorithm Approach, Zegeye K. Gurmu

Civil Engineering Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to explore bi-level genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization models to make decisions simultaneously for the second-best optimal toll locations and toll levels. The upper-level subprogram is to minimize the total travel time (system cost). The lower-level subprogram is a user equilibrium problem where all users try to find the route that minimizes their own travel cost (or time). The demand is assumed to be fixed and given a priority. First, two different versions of GA based solution procedures are developed and applied to an example Sioux Falls network assuming homogeneous road users in the …

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Crw1 - A Novel Maize Mutant Highly Susceptible To Foliar Damage By The Western Corn Rootworm Beetle., Bala Puchakayala Venkata, Nick Lauter, Xu Li, Clint Chapple Dr., Christian H. Krupke, Gurmukh Johal, Stephen Moose Aug 2013

Crw1 - A Novel Maize Mutant Highly Susceptible To Foliar Damage By The Western Corn Rootworm Beetle., Bala Puchakayala Venkata, Nick Lauter, Xu Li, Clint Chapple Dr., Christian H. Krupke, Gurmukh Johal, Stephen Moose

Department of Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the most destructive insect pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States. The adult WCR beetles derive their nourishment from multiple sources including corn pollen and silks as well as the pollen of alternate hosts. Conversely, the corn foliage is largely neglected as a food source by WCR beetles, leading to a perception of a passive interaction between the two. We report here a novel recessive mutation of corn that was identified and named after its foliar susceptibility to corn rootworm beetles (crw1). The …

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Osteopontin Expression During The Acute Immune Response Mediates Reactive Synaptogenesis And Adaptive Outcome, Julie Chan Aug 2013

Osteopontin Expression During The Acute Immune Response Mediates Reactive Synaptogenesis And Adaptive Outcome, Julie Chan

Theses and Dissertations

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide epidemic as the number of victims living with the resulting cognitive and physical impairment continues to rise, principally due to limited treatment options which fail to address its multifaceted sequelae. By approaching TBI therapy from a molecular standpoint, we have the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms which prevent effective recovery. With this information, we can move toward the identification of novel therapeutic treatments which target specific molecules to improve patient outcome following TBI. Here, we have focused on the therapeutic potential of osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein …

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P53'S Choice Of Myocardial Death Or Survival: Oxygen Protects Infarct Myocardium By Recruiting P53 On Nos3 Promoter Through Regulation Of P53-Lys118 Acetylation, Rajan Gogna, Esha Madan, Mahmood Khan, Uttam Pati, Periannan Kuppusamy Aug 2013

P53'S Choice Of Myocardial Death Or Survival: Oxygen Protects Infarct Myocardium By Recruiting P53 On Nos3 Promoter Through Regulation Of P53-Lys118 Acetylation, Rajan Gogna, Esha Madan, Mahmood Khan, Uttam Pati, Periannan Kuppusamy

Dartmouth Scholarship

Myocardial infarction, an irreversible cardiac tissue damage, involves progressive loss of cardiomyocytes due to p53-mediated apoptosis. Oxygenation is known to promote cardiac survival through activation of NOS3 gene. We hypothesized a dual role for p53, which, depending on oxygenation, can elicit apoptotic death signals or NOS3-mediated survival signals in the infarct heart. p53 exhibited a differential DNA-binding, namely, BAX-p53RE in the infarct heart or NOS3-p53RE in the oxygenated heart, which was regulated by oxygen-induced, post- translational modification of p53. In the infarct heart, p53 was heavily acetylated at Lys118 residue, which was exclusively reversed in the oxygenated heart, apparently regulated …

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Exploring Folate Uptake In Chicken Understanding Prevention Of Neural Tube Defects, Bret Gardner, Dr. Michael Stark Aug 2013

Exploring Folate Uptake In Chicken Understanding Prevention Of Neural Tube Defects, Bret Gardner, Dr. Michael Stark

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital malformations, afflicting .5- 8/1000 live births (Saitsu, 2003). Examples of such defects include spina bifida and anencephaly, resulting from failed closure of the posterior and anterior neural tube, respectively. The neural tube is the fetal precursor to the central nervous system. Currently the most common and effective method for preventing such defects consists of periconceptional folate intake. In developed countries, sufficient folate (folic acid or vitamin B12) is readily obtained from multivitamins, enriched cereals, or other items in a balanced diet. This preventative treatment, however, remains ineffective in 30-50% of …

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Factor H Cleavage By The Treponema Denticola Protease Dentilisin: Understanding The Pathogenesis Of Periodontal Disease, Sahil Aggarwal Aug 2013

Factor H Cleavage By The Treponema Denticola Protease Dentilisin: Understanding The Pathogenesis Of Periodontal Disease, Sahil Aggarwal

UROP Posters

Periodontal disease is an infectious condition that results in the inflammation and gradual degradation of gum tissue and alveolar bone. Caused by plaque deposits on teeth that harden into tartar to inflame gum tissue, the condition is highly pervasive, with 15 percent of US adults over 30 years of age exhibiting destructive periodontal disease. The abundance of Treponema denticola, a spirochete, in the oral flora is strongly correlated with disease severity. T. denticola binds to Factor H (FH), a negative regulator of the complement system, through its Factor H binding protein (FhbB) to evade complement-mediated killing. The protease dentilisin, produced …

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Design, Synthesis, And Application Of Photoactive Complexes Of Biologically Relevant Metals, Celina Gwizdala Aug 2013

Design, Synthesis, And Application Of Photoactive Complexes Of Biologically Relevant Metals, Celina Gwizdala

Doctoral Dissertations

Photo-labile organic molecules have been broadly utilized as photoprotective groups (PPGs) in “caging compounds”. Inactive caged analyte can be easily introduced in its active form to the system under investigation by photolysis of the PPG. This light induced manipulation permits release of the analyte and allows for spatial and temporal control of its concentration. Photocages presented within utilize specific strategy of metal release that relies on decrease in metal-ligand interaction triggered by delocalization of lone pair of electrons on the metal coordinating nitrogen(s). Synthesis and photochemical properties of nitrobenzhydrol based photocages of Zn2+ and Ni2+ are presented and …

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An Empirical Study On Uncertainty Identification In Social Media Context, Zhongyu Wei, Junwen Chen, Wei Gao, Binyang Li, Lanjun Zhou, Yulan He, Kam-Fai Wong Aug 2013

An Empirical Study On Uncertainty Identification In Social Media Context, Zhongyu Wei, Junwen Chen, Wei Gao, Binyang Li, Lanjun Zhou, Yulan He, Kam-Fai Wong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Uncertainty text detection is important to many social-media-based applications since more and more users utilize social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, etc.) as information source to produce or derive interpretations based on them. However, existing uncertainty cues are ineffective in social media context because of its specific characteristics. In this paper, we propose a variant of annotation scheme for uncertainty identification and construct the first uncertainty corpus based on tweets. We then conduct experiments on the generated tweets corpus to study the effectiveness of different types of features for uncertainty text identification.

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Demonstrating Impact Through Effective Communication, Kim Myers Aug 2013

Demonstrating Impact Through Effective Communication, Kim Myers

Digital Commons Great Lakes User Group Annual Meeting

Digital Commons represents a significant investment for most institutions. This presentation will focus on how to demonstrate the value to your stakeholders. From creating a Communication Plan, recognizing who your stakeholders are, to providing both periodic and annual reports; a successful repository manager must have a variety of tools available and know when to use them.

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Library And University Press As Journal Publishing Partners - Wayne State University Press And Libraries, Joshua Neds-Fox Aug 2013

Library And University Press As Journal Publishing Partners - Wayne State University Press And Libraries, Joshua Neds-Fox

Digital Commons Great Lakes User Group Annual Meeting

The Wayne State University Press Journals program comprises ten scholarly print serials. When the Press sought to deliver its journals electronically, in-house, for the first time, it established a mutually beneficial collaboration with the Libraries to host, format, manage and preserve its content online. We propose a case study of this collaboration, documenting the program, the process, and the unique features of this partnership. Neds-Fox will discuss the collaboration, the unexpected benefits for both partners not directly related to the publishing of the journals, and the future directions for the partnership.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences, Disability And Health-Risk Behaviors, Sophia Miryam Schussler-Fiorenza Rose Md, Phd Aug 2013

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Disability And Health-Risk Behaviors, Sophia Miryam Schussler-Fiorenza Rose Md, Phd

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

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Population Health Matters, Summer 2013, Vol. 26, No. 3, Download Full Pdf Aug 2013

Population Health Matters, Summer 2013, Vol. 26, No. 3, Download Full Pdf

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

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Interactive Effects Of Ethnic Identity And A Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention On Subjective And Objective Stress In Low-Income Minority Women Living With Hiv, Corina Reyes Lopez Aug 2013

Interactive Effects Of Ethnic Identity And A Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention On Subjective And Objective Stress In Low-Income Minority Women Living With Hiv, Corina Reyes Lopez

Open Access Dissertations

The HIV/AIDS epidemic is more prevalent among minority ethnic groups, with mortality rates highest among African-American women. Additionally, low-income minority women with a positive HIV diagnosis experience a variety of stressors that influence their psychological and physical well-being. Research has found that ethnic identity, an intrapersonal resiliency factor, is associated with lower perceived stress in low-income minority women living with HIV, in part through greater levels of coping self-efficacy and social support. Given the benefits of group-based interventions in reducing stress in HIV positive populations, it is important to understand whether ethnic identity influences the efficacy of these interventions in …

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Prophylactic Vs. Therapeutic: Dna Vaccine To Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Molecular Marker Guanylyl Cyclase-C, Anmol Khurana, Msii Aug 2013

Prophylactic Vs. Therapeutic: Dna Vaccine To Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Molecular Marker Guanylyl Cyclase-C, Anmol Khurana, Msii

Summer Training Program in Cancer Immunotherapy

The role of heat-stable enterotoxin receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) is well known for its aberrant chloride conductance in the intestinal epithelium in response to bacterial infection. Recently, its use as a molecular marker to detect metastatic colon cancer has grown, as has its use as oral hormone therapy for tumor suppression. This study investigates the preliminary stages of a DNA dendritic cell-based vaccine development specific to targeting guanylyl cyclase in systemic tissues. Construction of the plasmid as well as its transduction to Class I MHC molecules in antigen-presenting dendritic cells is examined. Future exploration includes a comparative assessment of …

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Unraveling The Mechanism Of 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Associated Cell Death, Franklin Thelmo Aug 2013

Unraveling The Mechanism Of 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Associated Cell Death, Franklin Thelmo

Summer Training Program in Cancer Immunotherapy

The mechanism by which the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) mediates cell death is unclear according to current literature. To determine how DNP mediates death in the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line in vitro, cells were modified with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB). Following modification, cell lysates were collected and analyzed via Western blottings with known apoptotic or necrotic markers. Our results indicated that DNFB treated cells do not express the apoptotic marker Cleaved Caspase-3 and have no change in levels of the necrotic marker Cyclophilin A. We conclude that DNFB is not inducing apoptosis in B16F10 cells. Future research will further examine the …

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