Digital Commons Network^™

Developmental Regulation Of Linkers Of The Nucleoskeleton To The Cytoskeleton During Mouse Postnatal Retinogenesis, David S. Razafsky, Candace L. Ward, Thorsten Kolb, Didier Hodzic

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Genomic And Epigenomic Landscapes Of Adult De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Timothy J. Ley, Christopher Miller, Li Ding, Jack Baty, Lucinda Fulton, Robert Fulton, Sharon Heath, Joelle Kalicki-Veizer, Cyriac Kandoth, Jeffery M. Klco, Daniel C. Koboldt, Krishna-Latha Kanchi, Shashikant Kulkarni, Tamara L. Lamprecht, David E. Larson, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Fdg Uptake Heterogeneity In Figo Iib Cervical Carcinoma Does Not Predict Pelvic Lymph Node Involvement, Frank J. Brooks, Perry W. Grigsby

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Οutcomes For Patients Who Are Diagnosed With Breast And Endometrial Cancer, Tonya M. Martin-Dunlap, Mitchell S. Wachtel, Julie A. Margenthaler

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Persistent Enteric Murine Norovirus Infection Is Associated With Functionally Suboptimal Virus-Specific Cd8 T Cell Responses, Vesselin T. Tomov, Lisa C. Osborne, Douglas V. Dolfi, Gregory F. Sonnenberg, Laurel A. Monticelli, Kathleen Mansfield, Herbert W. Virgin, David Artis, E. John Wherry

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Mutation Of Sec63 In Zebrafish Causes Defects In Myelinated Axons And Liver Pathology, Kelly R. Monk, Matthew G. Voas, Clara Franzini-Armstrong, Ian S. Hakkinen, William S. Talbot

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Framework For Resilience-Based Governance Of Social-Ecological Systems, Ahjond S. Garmestani, Melinda Harm Benson

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Panarchy provides a heuristic to characterize the cross-scale dynamics of social-ecological systems and a framework for how governance institutions should behave to be compatible with the ecosystems they manage. Managing for resilience will likely require reform of law to account for the dynamics of social-ecological systems and achieve a substantive mandate that accommodates the need for adaptation. In this paper, we suggest expansive legal reform by identifying the principles of reflexive law as a possible mechanism for achieving a shift to resilience-based governance and leveraging cross-scale dynamics to provide resilience-based responses to increasingly challenging environmental conditions.

Fumigation Of A Laboratory-Scale Hvac System With Hydrogen Peroxide For Decontamination Following A Biological Contamination Incident, K. M. Meyer, M. W. Calfee, J. P. Wood, L. Michelsen, B. Attwood, M. Clayton, A. Touati, R. Delafield

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Aims

To evaluate hydrogen peroxide vapor (H₂O₂) for its ability to inactivate Bacillus spores within a laboratory-scale heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct system.

Methods and Results

Experiments were conducted in a closed-loop duct system, constructed of either internally lined or unlined galvanized metal. Bacterial spores were aerosol-deposited onto 18-mm-diameter test material coupons and strategically placed at several locations within the duct environment. Various concentrations of H₂O₂ and exposure times were evaluated to determine the sporicidal efficacy and minimum exposure needed for decontamination. For the unlined duct, high variability was observed in the …

Effects Of Chiloquin Dam On Spawning Distribution And Larval Emigration Of Lost River, Shortnose, And Klamath Largescale Suckers In The Williamson And Sprague Rivers, Oregon, Barbara A. Martin, David A. Hewitt, Craig M. Ellsworth

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Chiloquin Dam was constructed in 1914 on the Sprague River near the town of Chiloquin, Oregon. The dam was identified as a barrier that potentially inhibited or prevented the upstream spawning migrations and other movements of endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris) suckers, as well as other fish species. In 2002, the Bureau of Reclamation led a working group that examined several alternatives to improve fish passage at Chiloquin Dam. Ultimately it was decided that dam removal was the best alternative and the dam was removed in the summer of 2008. The U.S. …

Organic Contaminants, Trace And Major Elements, And Nutrients In Water And Sediment Sampled In Response To The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Lisa H. Nowell, Amy S. Ludtke, David K. Mueller, Jonathon C. Scott

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Beach water and sediment samples were collected along the Gulf of Mexico coast to assess differences in contaminant concentrations before and after landfall of Macondo-1 well oil released into the Gulf of Mexico from the sinking of the British Petroleum Corporation’s Deepwater Horizon drilling platform. Samples were collected at 70 coastal sites between May 7 and July 7, 2010, to document baseline, or “pre‑landfall” conditions. A subset of 48 sites was resampled during October 4 to 14, 2010, after oil had made landfall on the Gulf of Mexico coast, called the “post-landfall” sampling period, to determine if actionable concentrations of …

Does Location Really Matter? An Inter-Colony Comparison Of Seabirds Breeding At Varying Distances From Productive Oceanographic Features In The Bering Sea, Ann Harding, Rosana Paredes, Robert Suryan, Daniel Roby, David Irons, Rachael Orben, Heather Renner, Rebecca Young, Christopher Barger, Ine Dorresteijn, Alexander Kitaysky

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Central place foragers, such as breeding seabirds, need to commute between their nests and foraging grounds, thus close proximity of the breeding colony to productive oceanographic features might be beneficial for seabird reproduction. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the at-sea foraging and breeding behavior of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) nesting at three colonies (Bogoslof, St. Paul, and St. George Islands) in the Bering Sea located at different distances from the productive continental shelf-break. We found that distances to feeding are as differed only during night trips among colonies. St. Paul murres foraged entirely on the shelf, whereas …

Evaluation Of A Coupled Event-Driven Phenology And Evapotranspiration Model For Croplands In The United States Northern Great Plains, V. Kovalskyy, G. M. Henebry, D. P. Roy, B. Adusei, M. Hansen, G. Senay, D. M. Mocko

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A new model coupling scheme with remote sensing data assimilation was developed for estimation of daily actual evapotranspiration (ET). The scheme consists of the VegET, a model to estimate ET from meteorological and water balance data, and an Event Driven Phenology Model (EDPM), an empirical crop specific model trained on multiple years of flux tower data transformed into six types of environmental forcings that are called “events” to emphasize their temporally discrete character, which has advantages for modeling multiple contingent influences. The EDPM in prognostic mode supplies seasonal trajectories of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); whereas in diagnostic mode, it …

Impacts Of Migratory Sandhill Cranes (Grus Canadensis) On Microbial Water Quality In The Central Platte River, Nebraska, Usa, Jason R. Vogel, Dale W. Griffin, Hon S. Ip, Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Matthew T. Moser, Jingrang Lu, Mary K. Beitz, Hodon Ryu, Jorge W. Santo Domingo

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Wild birds have been shown to be significant sources of numerous types of pathogens that are relevant to humans and agriculture. The presence of large numbers of migratory birds in such a sensitive and important ecosystem as the Platte River in central Nebraska, USA, could potentially serve a significant source of birdderived pathogens in the water/sediment and riverine environment. In 2009 and 2010, a study was completed to investigate the potential water-quality impacts of Sandhill Cranes and Snow Geese on the microbial water quality of the central Platte River during their spring migration period. Fecal material, river-bottom sediment, and water …

Avian Response To Timber Harvesting Applied Experimentally To Manage Cerulean Warbler Breeding Populations, James Sheehan, Petra Bohall Wood, David A. Buehler, Patrick D. Keyser, Jeffrey L. Larkin, Amanda D. Rodewald, T. Bently Wigley, Than J. Boves, Gregory A. George, Marja H. Bakermans, Tiffany A. Beachy, Andrea Evans, Molly E. Mcdermott, Felicity L. Newell, Kelly A. Perkins, Matthew White

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Timber harvesting has been proposed as a management tool to enhance breeding habitat for the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a declining Neotropical–Nearctic migratory songbird that nests in the canopy of mature eastern deciduous forests. To evaluate how this single-species management focus might fit within an ecologically based management approach for multiple forest birds, we performed a manipulative experiment using four treatments (three intensities of timber harvests and an unharvested control) at each of seven study areas within the core Cerulean Warbler breeding range. We collected preharvest (one year) and post-harvest (four years) data on the territory density of …

Controls On Recent Alaskan Lake Changes Identified From Water Isotopes And Remote Sensing, Lesleigh Anderson, Jennifer Rover, Nikki Gaulager, Jean Birks

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

High-latitude lakes are important for terrestrial carbon dynamics and waterfowl habitat driving a need to better understand controls on lake area changes. To identify the existence and cause of recent lake area changes in the Yukon Flats, a region of discontinuous permafrost in north central Alaska, we evaluate remotely sensed imagery with lake water isotope compositions and hydroclimatic parameters. Isotope compositions indicate that mixtures of precipitation, river water, and groundwater source ~95% of the studied lakes. The remaining minority are more dominantly sourced by snowmelt and/or permafrost thaw. Isotope-based water balance estimates indicate 58% of lakes lose more than half …

Chapter 4 Management Of Wetlands For Wildlife, Matthew J. Gray, Heath M. Hagy, J. Andrew Nyman, Joshua D. Stafford

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Wetlands are highly productive ecosystems that provide habitat for a diversity of wildlife species and afford various ecosystem services. Managing wetlands effectively requires an understanding of basic ecosystem processes, animal and plant life history strategies, and principles of wildlife management. Management techniques that are used differ depending on target species, coastal versus interior wetlands, and available infrastructure, resources, and management objectives. Ideally, wetlands are managed as a complex, with many successional stages and hydroperiods represented in close proximity. Managing wetland wildlife typically involves manipulating water levels and vegetation in the wetland, and providing an upland buffer. Commonly, levees and water …

Ice-Age Megafauna In Arctic Alaska: Extinction, Invasion, Survival, Daniel H. Mann, Pamela Groves, Michael L. Kunz, Richard E. Reanier, Benjamin V. Gaglioti

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Radical restructuring of the terrestrial, large mammal fauna living in arctic Alaska occurred between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. Steppe bison, horse, and woolly mammoth became extinct, moose and humans invaded, while muskox and caribou persisted. The ice age mega fauna was more diverse in species and possibly contained 6x more individual animals than live in the region today. Mega faunal biomass during the last ice age may have been 30x greater than present. Horse was the dominant species in terms of number of individuals. Lions, short-faced bears, wolves, and possibly grizzly …

Exposure Amplitude And Repetition Affect Bottlenose Dolphin Behavioral Responses To Simulated Mid-Frequency Sonar Signals, Dorian S. Houser, Steve W. Martin, James J. Finneran

United States Navy: Publications

Thirty bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) participated in a controlled exposure study using an acoustic stimulus that consisted of a simulated tactical sonar signal (1-s duration, 3250–3450 Hz). Each dolphin was trained a behavior requiring it to swim across an enclosure, touch a paddle, and return to the starting location. Ten-trial control and exposure sessions were performed with each dolphin. Dolphins were placed into one of five groups, each of which received a 115, 130, 145, 160, 175 or 185 dB re 1 μPa (rms) sound pressure level (SPL) exposure while crossing the enclosure on exposure trials. A canonical …

The Polysaccharide Capsule Of Campylobacter Jejuni Modulates The Host Immune Response, Alexander C. Maue, Krystle L. Mohawk, David K. Giles, Frédéric Poly, Cheryl P. Ewing, Yuening Jiao, Ginyoung Lee, Zuchao Ma, Mario A. Monteiro, Christina L. Hill, Jason S. Ferderber, Chad K. Porter, M. Stephen Trent, Patricia Guerry

United States Navy: Publications

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial diarrheal disease worldwide. The organism is characterized by a diversity of polysaccharide structures, including a polysaccharide capsule. Most C. jejuni capsules are known to be decorated nonstoichiometrically with methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN). The capsule of C. jejuni 81-176 has been shown to be required for serum resistance, but here we show that an encapsulated mutant lacking the MeOPN modification, an mpnC mutant, was equally as sensitive to serum killing as the nonencapsulated mutant. A nonencapsulated mutant, a kpsM mutant, exhibited significantly reduced colonization compared to that of wild-type 81-176 in a mouse intestinal …

Application Of Chromosomal Dna And Protein Targeting For The Identification Of Yersinia Pestis, Marilynn A. Larson, Shi-Jian Ding, Shawn R. Slater, Anna Hanway, Amanda M. Bartling, Paul D. Fey, Oksana Lockridge, Stephen C. Francesconi, Steven H. Hinrichs

United States Navy: Publications

Purpose: A comprehensive strategy was developed and validated for the identification of pathogens from closely related near neighbors using both chromosomal and protein biomarkers, with emphasis on distinguishing Yersinia pestis from the ancestral bacterium Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Experimental design: Computational analysis was used to discover chromosomal targets unique to Y. pestis. Locus identifier YPO1670 was selected for further validation and PCR was used to confirm that this biomarker was exclusively present in Y. pestis strains, while absent in other Yersinia species. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were utilized to evaluate YPO1670 expression and MRM MS was performed to identify …

Rhodotorula Minuta Fungemia In A Ewe Lamb, C. G. Chitko-Mckown, K. A. Leymaster, M. P. Heaton, D. D. Griffin, J. K. Veatch, S. A. Jones, M. L. Clawson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

An 8-month-old crossbred ewe, normal upon physical examination, was humanely euthanized for tissue collection. After approximately 3 weeks in tissue culture, fungi began budding out of cells obtained from the choroid plexus. After an additional 3 weeks, budding was observed in kidney cell cultures and eventually in monocyte cultures as well. Serum from the lamb was submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Colorado State University for fungal diagnosis and was found negative for Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Coccidioidomycosis and Histoplasmosis. DNA was isolated from fungi collected from tissue culture supernatants and used in a set of pan-fungal PCR assays with …

Interferon Inducible Protein Ifi35 Negatively Regulates Rig-I Antiviral Signaling And Supports Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication, Anshuman Das, Phat X. Dinh, Debasis Panda, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

In a genome-wide siRNA screen, we recently identified the interferon (IFN) inducible protein 35 (IFI35, also known as IFP35) as a factor required for VSV infection. Studies reported here were conducted to further understand the role and requirement of IFI35 in VSV infection. Consistent with the siRNA screening data, we found that depletion of IFI35 led to reduced VSV replication at the level of viral gene expression. Although no direct interaction of IFI35 with the viral replication machinery was observed, we found that IFI35 negatively regulated the host innate immune response and rescued poly(I:C)-induced inhibition of VSV replication. Promoter-driven reporter …

Sequence-Optimized And Targeted Double-Stranded Rna As A Therapeutic Antiviral Treatment Against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus In Litopenaeus Vannamei, J. Dustin Loy, Duan S. Loy, Mark A. Mogler, Bruce Janke, Kurt Kamrud, D. L. Hank Harris, Lyric C. Bartholomay

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is a significant and emerging pathogen that has a tremendous impact on the culture of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. IMNV first emerged in Brazil in 2002 and subsequently spread to Indonesia, causing large economic losses in both countries. No existing therapeutic treatments or effective interventions currently exist for IMNV. RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective technique for preventing viral disease in shrimp. Here, we describe the efficacy of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) applied as an antiviral therapeutic following virus challenge. The antiviral molecule is an optimized dsRNA construct that targets an IMNV sequence …

Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (Bhv-1) And Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (Hsv-1) Promote Survival Of Latently Infected Sensory Neurons, In Part By Inhibiting Apoptosis, Clinton Jones

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

α-Herpesvirinae subfamily members, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), initiate infection in mucosal surfaces. BHV-1 and HSV-1 enter sensory neurons by cell-cell spread where a burst of viral gene expression occurs. When compared to non-neuronal cells, viral gene expression is quickly extinguished in sensory neurons resulting in neuronal survival and latency. The HSV-1 latency associated transcript (LAT), which is abundantly expressed in latently infected neurons, inhibits apoptosis, viral transcription, and productive infection, and directly or indirectly enhances reactivation from latency in small animal models. Three anti-apoptosis genes can be substituted for LAT, which …

Higher Levels Of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Kshv In Ks Patients Compared To Asymptomatic Individuals From Zambia, Pankaj Kumar, Nithal Y. Kuwa, Veenu Minhas, Clemence Marimo, Danielle M. Shea, Chipepo Kankasa, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent for Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), the most common cancer diagnosed in HIV- infected patients. The role of neutralizing antibodies in KS pathogenesis and in KSHV infected individuals is not clearly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence and titers of neutralizing antibodies in plasma samples from KS patients and KSHV infected asymptomatic individuals from Zambia, a KS endemic region in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasma samples (N = 267) consisting of KS patients (group 1) and asymptomatic individuals (group 2) were collected from Lusaka, Zambia. A flow cytometry based …

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Combat-Related Heterotopic Ossification Development, Nicole Crane, Elizabeth Polfer, Eric Elster, Benjamin Potter, Johnathan Forsberg

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Over 60% of our severely combat-injured patient population develops radiographically apparent heterotopic ossification. Nearly a third of these require surgical excision of symptomatic lesions, a procedure that is fraughtwith complications, and delays or regresses functional rehabilitation in many cases. Unfortunately, for the combat injured, medical contraindications and logistical limitations limitwidespread use of conventionalmeans of primary prophylaxis. Better means of risk stratification are needed to both mitigate the risk of current means of primary prophylaxis as well as to evaluate novel preventive strategies currently in development. We asked whether Raman spectral changes, measured ex vivo, correlated with histologic evidence of the …

Original Article Sirt1-Deficient Mice Exhibit An Altered Cartilage Phenotype, Odile Gabay, Kristien J. Zaal, Christelle Sanchez, Mona Dvir-Ginzberg, Viktoria Gagarina, Yingje Song, Xiao Hong He, Michael W. Mcburney

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

tObjective: We previously demonstrated that Sirt1 regulates apoptosis in cartilage in vitro. Here weattempt to examine in vivo cartilage homeostasis, using Sirt1 total body knockout (KO) mice.Method: Articular cartilage was harvested from hind paws of 1-week and 3-week-old mice carrying wildtype (WT) or null Sirt1 gene. Knees of Sirt1 haploinsufficient mice also were examined, at 6 months. Jointcartilage was processed for histologic examination or biochemical analyses of chondrocyte cultures.Results: We found that articular cartilage tissue sections from Sirt1 KO mice up to 3 weeks of age exhibitedlow levels of type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and glycosaminoglycan content. In contrast, protein levels …

Association Between Antibodies To Multiple Infectious And Food Antigens And New Onset Schizophrenia Among Us Military Personnel, Yuanzhang Li, Natalya S. Weber, Jared A. Fisher, Robert H. Yolken, David N. Cowan, Rakel A. Larsen, David W. Niebuhr

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Introduction: Multiple studies have documented immune activation in many individuals with schizophrenia suggesting that antigens capable of generating a prolonged immune response may be important environmental factors inmany cases of this disorder.While existing studies have found single-agent associations of antibodies to food and neurotropic infectious agents with schizophrenia, a simultaneous examination of multiple agents may shed light on agent interactions or possible etiopathogenic pathways. Methods: We used traditional regression and novel statistical techniques to examine associations of single and combined infectious and food antigens with schizophrenia. We tested 6106 serum samples from 855 cases and 1165 matched controls. …

Relevance Of Molecular Mimicry In The Mediation Of Infectious Myocarditis, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Sally A. Huber, Madeleine W. Cunningham, Jay Reddy

Jay Reddy Publications

Heart disease, the leading cause of death in humans, is estimated to affect one in four American adults in some form. One predominant cause of heart failure in young adults is myocarditis, which can lead to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, a major indication for heart transplantation. Environmental microbes, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi that are otherwise innocuous, have the potential to induce inflammatory heart disease. As the list is growing, it is critical to determine the mechanisms by which microbes can trigger heart autoimmunity and, importantly, to identify their target antigens. This is especially true as microbes showing structural …

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis To Select Metrics For Design And Monitoring Of Sustainable Ecosystem Restorations, M. Convertino, K.M. Baker, J.T. Vogel, C. Lu, B. Suedel, I. Linkov

United States Army: Publications

The selection of metrics for ecosystem restoration programs is critical for improving the quality and utility of design and monitoring programs, informing adaptive management actions, and characterizing project success. The metrics selection process, that in practice is left to the subjective judgment of stakeholders, is often complex and should simultaneously take into account monitoring data, environmental models, socio-economic considerations, and stakeholder interests. With limited funding, it is often very difficult to balance the importance of multiple metrics, often competing, intended to measure different environmental, social, and economic aspects of the system. To help restoration planners and practitioners develop the most …