Digital Commons Network^™

Regulating Nanotechnology: Timely Stitch For Saving Future, M.E. Karim

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Nanotechnology, the science of using technology at the atomic scale, is the next industrial revolution after internet and is 'the techno buzzword de jour'. Its virtually limitless prospects lure the government, research firms and business ventures around the world to invest huge amount for its commercial application and already hundreds of products containing nanomaterials are available in the market. The United Nations also encouraged the application of nanotechnology in ten priority areas for the benefit of 5 billion people of developing countries within its Millennium Development Goal. Conversely, to many people, it is the next asbestos as it has some …

Rheological Properties And Sensory Characteristics Of Green Tea Yogurt During Storage, S. Amirdivani, A.S. Baba

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Malaysian and Japanese green tea extract (2%) was added to a yogurt (MGTY and JGTY). Its dynamic rheological and sensory properties were evaluated and compared to those of a plain yogurt (PY) without the added green tea extract during 28 day storage at 4 °C. The plain yogurt exhibit a more compacted casein micelle aggregates network than that of green tea yogurts which was more runny and showed low viscosity attributed to the green tea extracts. The rheological analysis showed that the green tea yogurts had lower storage modulus modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') values in the linear viscoelastic …

Soluble Receptor For Advanced Glycation End-Product (Srage)/Pentosidine Ratio: A Potential Risk Factor Determinant For Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy, Z.X. Ng, K.H. Chua, T. Iqbal, U.R. Kuppusamy

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

This study aims to investigate potential diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk factors by evaluating the circulating levels of pentosidine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in DR patients. A total of 235 healthy controls, 171 type 2 diabetic without retinopathy (DNR) and 200 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients were recruited. Plasma was extracted for the estimation of pentosidine, sRAGE, AOPP levels and GPx activity whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were disrupted for SOD activity measurement. DNR and DR patients showed significantly higher levels of plasma …

Temephos Resistance In Field Aedes (Stegomyia) Albopictus (Skuse) From Selangor, Malaysia, Chee Dhang Chen, W.A. Nazni, H.L. Lee, Y. Norma-Rashid, M.L. Lardizabal, Mohd Sofian-Azirun

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Larvae of Aedes albopictus obtained from dengue endemic areas in Selangor, Malaysia were evaluated for their susceptibility to operational dosage of temephos (1 mg/L). Larval bioassays were carried out in accordance to modified WHO standard methods. Biochemical microassay of enzymes in Ae. albopictus was conducted to detect the emergence of insecticide resistance and to define the mechanisms involved in temephos resistance. The 50 mortality lethal time (LT50) for Ae. albopictus tested against temephos ranged between 58.65 to 112.50 minutes, with resistance ratio ranging from 0.75 - 1.45. This study addressed the fluctuation of time-related susceptibility status of Ae. albopictus towards …

The Influence Of 1-Triacontanol On The Growth, Flowering, And Quality Of Potted Bougainvillea Plants (Bougainvillea Glabra Var. "Elizabeth Angus'') Under Natural Conditions, M.M. Khandaker, G. Faruq, M.M. Rahman, Mohd Sofian-Azirun, A.N. Boyce

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Selected physiological and biochemical parameters were monitored at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages in potted Bougainvillea plants treated with five different concentrations of TRIA. Advanced flowering, flower bud number, and blooming rate increased significantly with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. Similarly, photosynthetic rate, pigment content, quantum yield, and stomatal conductance increased significantly with 2.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L TRIA treatments. Higher levels of N, P, and K, as well as increased total soluble solids (TSS) and higher sugar and protein contents, were recorded in treated plants. Furthermore, 46 more flowers, a 1.5-fold increase in bract weight, increased longevity, …

The Influence Of Cigarette Smoking On Gingival Bleeding And Serum Concentrations Of Haptoglobin And Alpha 1-Antitrypsis, F.H. Al-Bayaty, N. Baharuddin, M.A. Abdulla, H.M. Ali, M.B. Arkilla, M.F. Albayaty

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding and serum concentrations of cotinine, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin in Malaysian smokers. A total of 197 male smokers and nonsmokers were recruited for this study. Plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), and levels of serum cotinine, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, with the significance level set at alpha < 0.05. Linear regression analyses were performed. The mean cigarette consumption per day was 13.39 +/- 5.75 cigarettes; the mean duration was 16.03 +/- 8.78 years. Relatively low BOP values (26.05 +/- 1.48) and moderate plaque indexes (51.35 +/- 11.27) were found. The levels of serum cotinine (106.9 +/- 30.71 ng/dL), haptoglobin (76.04 +/- 52.48 mg/dL), and alpha 1-antitrypsin (141.90 +/- 18.40 mg/dL) were significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. Multiple logistic regression models for all variables and smokers demonstrated observed differences between BOP, the number of cigarettes per day, and duration of smoking, while serum cotinine, haptoglobin and alpha-1 antitrypsin levels showed no significant differences. Duration of smoking (years) and the cotinine level in serum showed a significant correlation with plaque index. The present analysis demonstrated that the duration of smoking in years, but not the number of cigarettes smoked per day, was associated with reduced gingival bleeding in smokers.

Transcriptional Profiles Of The Response Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus To Pentacyclic Triterpenoids, P.Y. Chung, L.Y. Chung, P. Navaratnam

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen in both hospital and the community that has demonstrated resistance to all currently available antibiotics over the last two decades. Multidrug-resistant isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to glycopeptides has also emerged, representing a crucial challenge for antimicrobial therapy and infection control. The availability of complete whole-genome nucleotide sequence data of various strains of S. aureus presents an opportunity to explore novel compounds and their targets to address the challenges presented by antimicrobial drug resistance in this organism. Study compounds alpha-amyrin 3 beta-hydroxy-urs-12-en-3-ol (AM), betulinic acid 3 beta-hydroxy-20(29)-lupaene-28-oic acid (BA) …

Triarylmethane Dye Decolorization By Pellets Of Pycnoporus Sanguineus: Statistical Optimization And Effects Of Novel Impeller Geometry, S.S. Sulaiman, M.S.M. Annuar, N.N. Abdul Razak, S. Ibrahim, B. Bakar

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

A study was carried out to optimize selected parameters for decolorization of a triarylmethane dye, such as crystal violet by white rot fungus, Pycnoporus sanguineus, pellets. The parameters studied were initial dye concentration (ppm), agitation speed (rpm), and process time (days) and were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). It is shown that process time, agitation speed, and their interactions have significant effects on the decolorization process. Following the optimization, the decolorization study was extended to a stirred tank reactor (STR) process. Effects of different geometry of impellers on the decolorization process and power consumption were studied. Novel impeller geometries, …

Vacuum/Compression Valving (Vcv) Using Parrafin-Wax On A Centrifugal Microfluidic Cd Platform, Wisam Al-Faqheri, Fatimah Ibrahim, Tzer Hwai Gilbert Thio, Jacob Moebius, Karunan Joseph, Hamzah Arof, Marc Madou

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

This paper introduces novel vacuum/compression valves (VCVs) utilizing paraffin wax. A VCV is implemented by sealing the venting channel/hole with wax plugs (for normally-closed valve), or to be sealed by wax (for normally-open valve), and is activated by localized heating on the CD surface. We demonstrate that the VCV provides the advantages of avoiding unnecessary heating of the sample/reagents in the diagnostic process, allowing for vacuum sealing of the CD, and clear separation of the paraffin wax from the sample/reagents in the microfluidic process. As a proof of concept, the microfluidic processes of liquid flow switching and liquid metering is …

Whole-Genome Sequences And Comparactive Genomics Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Isolates From Patients With Fatal And Nonfatal Typhoid Fever In Papua New Guinea, R. Baddam, Kwai Lin Thong, T.S. Avasthi, S. Shaik, K.P. Yap, C.S.J. Teh, L.C. Chai, N. Kumar, N. Ahmed

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

No abstract provided.

Oral Cancer Awareness And Its Determinants Among A Selected Malaysian Population, W.M.N. Ghani, J.G. Doss, M. Jamaluddin, D. Kamaruzaman, R.B. Zain

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Objective: To assess oral cancer awareness, its associated factors and related sources of information among a selected group of Malaysians. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all Malaysian ethnic groups aged >= 15 years old at eight strategically chosen shopping malls within a two week time period. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. Significance level was set at alpha<0.05. Results: Most (84.2%) respondents had heard of oral cancer. Smoking was the most (92.4%) recognized high risk habit. Similar levels of awareness were seen for unhealed ulcers (57.3%) and red/white patches (58.0%) as signs of oral cancer. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation and income were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was a general lack of awareness regarding the risk habits, early signs and symptoms, and the benefits of detecting this disease at an early stage. Mass media and health campaigns were the main sources of information about oral cancer. In our Malaysian population, gender and age were significantly associated with the awareness of early signs and symptoms and prevention of oral cancer, respectively.

Acanthamoeba Genotype T4 Detected In Naturally-Infected Feline Corneas Found To Be In Homology With Those Causing Human Keratitis, I. Ithoi, R. Mahmud, M.H.A. Basher, A. Jali, A.M. Abdulsalam, J. Ibrahim, J.W. Mak

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

A total of 10 out of 65 cornea swab samples from cats with eye symptoms showed Acanthamoeba-like morphology after cultivation. By PCR and DNA sequencing of Acanthamoeba diagnostic fragment 3 (DF3), all 10 isolates from the positive samples were categorized into two homologous groups of AfC1 (PM1, PM2, PM3, PF6, KM7, KF8, KMK9) and AfC2 (PM4, PM5, KFK10) due to the presence of bases A(354) and G(354), respectively. Furthermore, DF3 of AfC1 and AfC2 showed 100 similarity with Genbank reference isolates with the accession numbers DQ087314, EU146073 and U07401, GU808323, which were Acanthamoeba castellanii strains genotype T4 originating from human …

Alpha-Tomatine Attenuation Of In Vivo Growth Of Subcutaneous And Orthotopic Xenograft Tumors Of Human Prostate Carcinoma Pc-3 Cells Is Accompanied By Inactivation Of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling, S.T. Lee, P.F. Wong, H. He, J.D. Hooper, Mohd Rais Mustafa

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Background: Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays a role in prostate cancer and agents that suppress its activation may inhibit development or progression of this malignancy. Alpha (α)-tomatine is the major saponin present in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and we have previously reported that it suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells and also potently induces apoptosis of these cells. However, the precise mechanism by which α-tomatine suppresses NF-κB nuclear translocation is yet to be elucidated and the anti-tumor activity of this agent in vivo has not been examined. Methodology/ Principal …

Anaerobic Co-Digestion Of Food Waste For Biohydrogen Production, Z. Jamil, N.A.M. Yunus, M. Suffian, S. Ibrahim

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The objective of this study was to find the optimum conditions for anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge and hydrogen (H 2) production. The selected parameters for optimization of H 2 production (e.g. temperature, initial pH, inoculum size) were analysed using Response Surface Methodology with Full Factorial Design. Two types of substrates were tested; food waste as a sole substrate and food waste mixed with palm oil mill effluent (POME) at volume ratio1:1. The optimized conditions for food waste as a sole substrate were pH 4.5, temperature of 35°C and inoculum size of 20 (v/v), with maximum predicted …

Anti-Inflammatory, Gastroprotective And Anti-Ulcerogenic Effects Of Red Algae Gracilaria Changii (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) Extract, M.H. Shu, D. Appleton, Keivan Zandi, Sazaly Abubakar

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Background: Gracilaria changii (Xia et Abbott) Abbott, Zhang et Xia, a red algae commonly found in the coastal areas of Malaysia is traditionally used for foods and for the treatment of various ailments including inflammation and gastric ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of a mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii. Methods: Methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii (MeOHGCM6 extract) was prepared and standardized using mass spectrometry (MS). Anti-inflammatory activities of MeOHGCM6 extract were examined by treating U937 cells during its differentiation with 10 mu g/ml MeOHGCM6 extract. Tumour necrosis factors-alpha …

Aporphine Alkaloids From The Leaves Of Phoebe Grandis (Nees) Mer. (Lauraceae) And Their Cytotoxic And Antibacterial Activities, H. Omar, N.M. Hashim, A. Zajmi, N. Nordin, S.I. Abdelwahab, A.H.S. Azizan, A.H.A. Hadi, Hapipah Mohd Ali

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The oxoaporphine alkaloid lysicamine (1), and three proaporphine alkaloids, litsericinone (2), 8,9,11,12-tetrahydromecambrine (3) and hexahydromecambrine A (4) were isolated from the leaves of Phoebe grandis (Nees) Merr. (Lauraceae). Compounds 2 and 3 were first time isolated as new naturally occurring compounds from plants. The NMR data for the compounds 2–4 have never been reported so far. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxic activity against a MCF7 (human estrogen receptor (ER+) positive breast cancer) cell line with IC50 values of 26 and 60 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (human liver cancer) cell line was evaluated for …

Application Of Three-Dimensional Culture Conditions To Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Definitive Endoderm Cells Enhances Hepatocyte Differentiation And Functionality, T.S. Ramasamy, J.S.L. Yu, C. Selden, H. Hodgson, W. Cui

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Human embryonic stemcells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stemcells (iPSCs) provide an unlimited source for the generation of human hepatocytes, owing to their indefinite self-renewal and pluripotent properties. Both hESC-/iPSC-derived hepatocytes hold great promise in treating liver diseases as potential candidates for cell replacement therapies or as an in vitro platform to conduct newdrug trials. It has been previously demonstrated that the initiation of hESC differentiation in monolayer cultures increases the generation of definitive endoderm (DE) and subsequently of hepatocyte differentiation. However, monolayer culture may hinder the maturation of hESC-derived hepatocytes, since such two-dimensional (2D) conditions do not accurately reflect the …

Armigeres Subalbatus Incriminated As A Vector Of Zoonotic Brugia Pahangi Filariasis In Suburban Kuala Lumpur, Peninsular Malaysia, A. Muslim, Mun Yik Fong, Rohela Mahmud, Yee Ling Lau, S. Sivanandam

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Background: In 2011, we reported occurrence of natural human infections with Brugia pahangi, a filarial worm of dogs and cats, in a surburb of Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. Our preliminary entomological survey at that time suggested the mosquito species Armigeres subalbatus as the vector of the zoonotic infections. In this present report, we provide biological evidence to confirm our preliminary finding. Findings: A total of 1798 adult female Ar. subalbatus mosquitoes was caught in the vicinity of the suburb, and 1599 were dissected for the presence of filarial larvae. Sixty-two mosquitoes were positive, and 27 of these …

Bodipy Dyes In Photodynamic Therapy, Anyanee Kamkaew, Siang Hui Lim, Hong Boon Lee, Lik Voon Kiew, Lip Yong Chung, Kevin Burgess

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

BODIPY dyes tend to be highly fluorescent, but their emissions can be attenuated by adding substituents with appropriate oxidation potentials. Substituents like these have electrons to feed into photoexcited BODIPYs, quenching their fluorescence, thereby generating relatively long-lived triplet states. Singlet oxygen is formed when these triplet states interact with O-3(2). In tissues, this causes cell damage in regions that are illuminated, and this is the basis of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT agents that are currently approved for clinical use do not feature BODIPYs, but there are many reasons to believe that this situation will change. This review summarizes the …

Building A Dna Barcode Reference Library For The True Butterflies (Lepidoptera) Of Peninsula Malaysia: What About The Subspecies?, J.J. Wilson, K.W. Sing, Mohd Sofian-Azirun

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The objective of this study was to build a DNA barcode reference library for the true butterflies of Peninsula Malaysia and assess the value of attaching subspecies names to DNA barcode records. A new DNA barcode library was constructed with butterflies from the Museum of Zoology, University of Malaya collection. The library was analysed in conjunction with publicly available DNA barcodes from other Asia-Pacific localities to test the ability of the DNA barcodes to discriminate species and subspecies. Analyses confirmed the capacity of the new DNA barcode reference library to distinguish the vast majority of species (92) and revealed that …

Callus Induction, Plant Regeneration And Somaclonal Variation In In Vivo And In Vitro Grown White Shrimp Plant (Justicia Betonica Linn.), J.S. Yaacob, R.M. Taha, N. Jaafar, Z. Hasni, H. Elias, N. Mohamed

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Justicia betonica Linn. is traditionally used to treat various illness like cough, scaly skin and as an erosion control plant. This paper reports on callus induction and in vitro propagation of J. betonica from 3-week-old petiole and internode explants of this species. Callus was readily induced from petiole explants when cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) fortified with NAA (0.5-2.0 mg L-1), BAP (0.5-2.0 mg L-1), Kinetin (1.0-2.0 mg L-1) and Zeatin (1.0-2.0 mg L-1), while internode explants only showed formation of callus on MS basal and when 0.5 mg L-1 BAP or 1.5 mg L-1 Kinetin were added. …

Brown Trout Spawning Location And Relationship To Suitable Winter Habitat, Matthew L. Skoog

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Brown trout are a popular game fish throughout much of the world. Understanding habitat requirements is necessary for the successful management of brown trout. This study looks at the spawning habitat preferences and relationship of redd location to wintering habitat of brown trout in the Straight River, Minnesota. Brown trout in the Straight River were found to spawn in similar habitat to brown trout looked at in previous literature. All redds were located on gravel substrate. Seventy eight percent of redds were associated with some sort of cover. Water velocities at the redd sites. (mean=0.456 ms/cm), dissolved oxygen (mean=9.78 mg/L), …

Comparison Of A Length Size Limit Of Northern Pike Population On Two Lakes In North Central Minnesota, Ethan A. Puttonen

Journal of Earth and Life Science

Fisheries managers use length size limits on northern pike (Esox lucis) to improve the size structure in select lakes. The objective of this study was to compare two similar lakes, one with a length size limit and one without, to determine if a length size limit is improving the northern pike size structure. Blueberry Lake showed a higher abundance of larger fish than Stocking Lake. Of the fish caught, 25% in Blueberry Lake were over 600 mm (24 in), and were in the protected slot. Stocking Lake had a smaller portion of fish of this size with only …

Differential Allocation To Photosynthetic And Non-Photosynthetic Nitrogen Fractions Among Native And Invasive Species, Jennifer L. Funk, Lori A. Glenwinkle, Lawren Sack

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Invasive species are expected to cluster on the “high-return” end of the leaf economic spectrum, displaying leaf traits consistent with higher carbon assimilation relative to native species. Intra-leaf nitrogen (N) allocation should support these physiological differences; however, N biochemistry has not been examined in more than a few invasive species. We measured 34 leaf traits including seven leaf N pools for five native and five invasive species from Hawaii under low irradiance to mimic the forest understory environment. We found several trait differences between native and invasive species. In particular, invasive species showed preferential N allocation to metabolism (amino acids) …

Lessons In Playing: A Current Work Of Art As A Biopolitical Milieu, Tim Stott

Conference papers

This paper will examine how, when certain current works of art are presented as playgrounds, in which previously unknown persons encounter one another, their play is both complexly organised around play objects and other constraints and governed within what Foucault termed a biopolitical milieu. On the one hand, this development changes the values and qualities that might describe aesthetic play, or the play particular to the encounter with works of art. On the other hand, it tests Foucault’s analysis of how biopolitical techniques of governance “make live” and allow players “to be free to be free.”

In more detail, …

Using Isotopes Of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Species And Water To Separate Sources Of Recharge In A Cave Spring, Northwestern Arkansas, Usa, Katherine J. Knierim, Erik Pollock, Phillip D. Hays

KIP Articles

Blowing Spring Cave in northwestern Arkansas is representative of cave systems in the karst of the Ozark Plateaus, and stable isotopes of water (δ18O and δ2H) and inorganic carbon (δ13C) were used to quantify soil-water, bedrock-matrix water, and precipitation contributions to cave-spring flow during storm events to understand controls on cave water quality. Water samples from recharge-zone soils and the cave were collected from March to May 2012 to implement a multicomponent hydrograph separation approach using δ18O and δ2H of water and dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C–DIC). During baseflow, median δ2H and δ18O compositions were –41.6‰ and –6.2‰ for soil water …

Using Hydrogeochemical And Ecohydrologic Responses To Understand Epikarst Process In Semi-Arid Systems, Edwards Plateau, Texas, Usa, Benjamin F. Schwartz, Susanne Schwinning, Brett Gerard

KIP Articles

The epikarst is a permeable boundary between surface and subsurface environments and can be conceptualized as the vadose critical zone of epigenic karst systems which have not developed under insoluble cover. From a hydrologic perspective, this boundary is often thought of as being permeable in one direction only (down), but connectivity between the flow paths of water through the epikarst and the root systems of woody plants means that water moves both up and down across the epikarst. However, the dynamics of these flows are complex and highly dependent on variability in the spatial structure of the epikarst, vegetation characteristics, …

A Framework For Assessing The Role Of Karst Conduit Morphology, Hydrology, And Evolution In The Transport And Storage Of Carbon And Associated Sediments, George Veni

KIP Articles

Karst aquifers and conduits form by dissolution of carbonate minerals and the slow release of inorganic carbon to the surface environment. As conduits evolve in size, morphology, and position within the aquifer, their function and capacity change relative to the storage and transport of inorganic and organic carbon as sediment. Conduits serve mostly as transport mechanisms in relation to sediments. Quantified data are sparse, but for conduits to function effectively there must be at least equilibrium in the amount of sediment entering and exiting the aquifer. If sediment discharge exceeds input, little sediment will remain underground. When natural declines in …

Do Carbonate Karst Terrains Affect The Global Carbon Cycle?, Jonathan B. Martin, Amy Brown, John Ezell

KIP Articles

Carbonate minerals comprise the largest reservoir of carbon in the earth’s lithosphere, but they are generally assumed to have no net impact on the global carbon cycle if rapid dissolution and precipitation reactions represent equal sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon. Observations of both terrestrial and marine carbonate systems indicate that carbonate minerals may simultaneously dissolve and precipitate within different portions of individual hydrologic systems. In all cases reported here, the dissolution and precipitation reactions are related to primary production, which fixes atmospheric CO2 as organic carbon, and the subsequent remineralization in watersheds of the organic carbon to dissolved CO2. …

Biological Control On Acid Generation At The Conduit-Bedrock Boundary In Submerged Caves: Quantification Through Geochemical Modeling, Janet S. Herman, Alexandria G. Hounshell, Rima B. Franklin

KIP Articles

No-mount Cave, located in Wekiwa Springs State Park in central Florida, USA, is an aphotic, submerged, freshwater cave in which large colonies of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria live in filamentous microbial mats. Upwardly discharging groundwater enters the cave from the Upper Floridan aquifer, specifically the Eocene-aged Ocala Limestone. We undertook a combined field, laboratory, and modeling study in which we sought to determine the amount of calcite dissolution attributable to the generation of protons by microbially mediated sulfide oxidation. The chemical compositions of groundwater within the limestone formation collected through a newly designed sampling device and of water in the cave conduit …