Digital Commons Network^™

Trayvon Martin And Election 2012 Social Media Messaging: An Analysis Of Framing, Rhetoric, And Media Types In Online Messages By Civil Rights Organizations, Riva Renee Brown

Dissertations

This content analysis study explored framing, rhetoric, and media types used by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Urban League, National Action Network, and ColorOfChange.org in website and social media messages posted during the Trayvon Martin case and Election 2012. It also examined the mainstream print news media coverage these civil rights organizations generated.

On February 26, 2012, George Zimmerman, a 28 year old White and Hispanic male, fatally shot Martin, a 17 year old Black male, in Florida. After authorities did not charge Zimmerman with the teenager’s murder, these organizations drafted petitions and staged rallies …

Annual Report Fy2012-2013, Tennessee. Department Of Safety & Homeland Security.

Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Coveting The Backstage: A College Student Audience Study Regarding Authenticity Construction In The Reality Television Viewing Process, Lisa Marie Kruse

Dissertations

Television is a major staple of daily life for those who live in the United States and reality television has persisted as a primary genre of television programming. While it is unclear just how much reality television (RTV) viewers are watching, the genre’s dominance in primetime lineups suggests that RTV is a main type of programming viewed by television audiences.

Many audience studies have focused on the primary motivations for viewing the genre of reality television converging on four: to satisfy psychological desires (voyeurism, vengeance, and status); to connect with others; to socially learn; and the “quest for authenticity.” The …

Intentional Killing Without Intending To Kill: Knobe’S Theory As A Rational Limit On Felony Murder, Joseph C. Mauro

Louisiana Law Review

Felony murder authorizes maximum criminal punishment, the kind typically reserved for the most ruthless and calculating killers, for defendants who did not even intend to kill. Many retributivist scholars therefore criticize felony murder for abandoning the traditional notion that intent determines culpability and the appropriate degree of punishment. Despite widespread agreement with this criticism, however, felony murder persists in most jurisdictions. Joshua Knobe's empirical research turns this problem on its head by suggesting that intent is not just a mental state. Numerous experiments have shown, in fact, that people are more likely to call an action intentional, regardless of what …

Mock Trials And Real Justices And Judges, Richard A. Posner

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Men's Modesty, Religion, And The State: Spaces Of Collision, Karen M. Morin

Faculty Journal Articles

This article examines religious practices in the United States, which govern modesty and other dress norms for men. I focus both on the spaces within which they most collide with regulatory regimes of the state and the legal implications of these norms, particularly for observant Muslim men. Undergirding the research are those ‘‘gender equality’’ claims made by many religious adherents, that men are required to maintain proper modesty norms just as are women. Also undergirding the research is the extensive anti-Islam bias in American culture today. The spaces within which men’s religiously proscribed dress and grooming norms are most at …

Marginal Deterrence In The Enforcement Of Law: Evidence From Distributed Denial Of Service Attack, Kai-Lung Hui, Seung-Hyun Kim, Qiu-Hong Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

By studying a panel dataset of distributed denial of service attack across 240 countriesover 5 years, we find that enforcing the Convention on Cybercrime had increasedthe intensity of attack by 43 to 52 percent. It did not significantly reducethe chance for a country to be selected for the attack. We conducted a batteryof identification and falsification tests to show that such increased attack intensityarose because of failure in marginal deterrence, instead of other theories such asbrutalization, stigmatization, or defiance, or general forms of endogeneity. We showthat raising the standard of proof of conviction is one way to facilitate marginaldeterrence, but …

Altering Attention In Adjudication, Chris Guthrie, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Andrew J. Wistrich

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Judges decide complex cases in rapid succession but are limited by cognitive constraints. Consequently judges cannot allocate equal attention to every aspect of a case. Case outcomes might thus depend on which aspects of a case are particularly salient to the judge. Put simply, a judge focusing on one aspect of a case might reach a different outcome than a judge focusing on another. In this Article, we report the results of a series of studies exploring various ways in which directing judicial attention can shape judicial outcomes. In the first study, we show that judges impose shorter sentences when …

August 2013 Commencement Program, Bowling Green State University

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

Metaphors Of Health And Disease In Nazi Film Propaganda, Melanie Wright

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences Theses

This study examines how propaganda imagery was used to reveal metaphors of health and disease in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Specifically, it explores how German medical and political authorities of this period entrenched biological explanations for social ills through medico-political discourses of disease, criminality and deviancy, in their efforts to exterminate particular populations. This propaganda was conversed with the idealised and beautified German Volk who, in turn, were graphically elevated to the realms of a supreme master race. I use a methodology composed of compositional and discourse analysis, and a theoretical framework that develops the work of Erving …

Corporations: Manufacturing Psychopaths?, Dallen Stanley Hansen

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The impact & harms of white-collar offenses (corporate crime) on society are severe, & cost society many times what violent offenses do. I argue the occurrence of corporate crime is a function of corporate culture and environment (Organizational Strain). According to some analyses, there is an increased prevalence of psychopathic personalities in corporate management positions. To study this, I analyzed data collected from 203 managers & executives at seven corporations with employees numbering 150 to 40,000 - using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). I then conducted content analysis on independent biographies of four prominent, criminal CEO's to track the …

Legal Services Assessment For Trafficked Children- Cook County, Illinois Case Study, Katherine Kaufka Walts Jd, Linda Rio Reichmann Jd, Catherine Lee Ma

Center for the Human Rights of Children

Child trafficking is one of the most disturbing human rights abuses of our time, involving cases of boys and girls exploited for labor and/or commercial sexual services. These children may suffer physical, sexual, and emotional violence at the hands of traffickers, who can be pimps, employers, and even family members. Trafficking schemes may involve various forms of force, fraud, and coercion, which can be physical and/or psychological in nature. Current research indicates that legal services are a critical component of a comprehensive service delivery model for victims of human trafficking and a realization of human rights. However, little to no …

Grave Injustice: Unearthing Wrongful Executions, Mary Kelly Tate

Law Faculty Publications

This book review discusses Richard A. Stack's book, Grave Injustice, which illustrates the flaws in America's use of capital punishment. "Simply put, the death penalty is shown to be a massive policy failure diminishing the legitimacy of the criminal justice system in the world's leading democracy. Stack uses his reportorial skills to distill the complex subject of the American death penalty into a digestible form, yet he never cuts corners with the human dimension. This dimension is always at the center of crime and punishment and, most hauntingly, at the center of the American death penalty and its tragic …

"Oh, You Are An Exception!" Academic Success And Black Male Students Resistance To Systemic Racism, Lacharles Travell Ward

Theses

This study theorizes how Black male students narrate their experiences at a traditionally White institution (TWI). To date, research focusing on Black men in higher education highlights the continual struggles of Black men against racism (Feagin, Vera, & Imani, 1996; Harper, 2006, 2009, 2012; Smith, Yosso, & Solórzano, 2007); however, what remains to be extensively theorized is Black male academic excellence. Thus, I argue that it is vital to progressively broaden what we know about Black male students as intellectuals. In this study I forefront how Black male students articulate their intellectual identities and educational experiences on a traditionally White …

Lessons Learned From College-Educated, Employed Black Male Mentors: A Qualitative Anti-Deficit Study Of College Persistence And Career Success, Cecil Wright

Education Doctoral

The purpose of this qualitative, hermeneutic, phenomenological study was to learn how college-educated, employed Black males’ mentors successfully completed their undergraduate degrees and went on to be success stories in their career fields. The research focused on college persistence and career success by asking the mentors to comment about their experiences along four pipeline points (precollege socialization and readiness, college achievement, postcollege success, and employment postgraduation). The participants for this study were Black male mentors selected from a pool of active mentors serving Black male high school students in a one-on one setting at a male empowerment seminar held annually …

A Comparative Analysis Of Emergency Management Decision-Making Skills Of School Officials: The Impact Of Training On Perspectives And Performance, Matthew Miraglia

Education Doctoral

School officials are responsible for preparing schools to meet students’ needs while facing the complex security challenges of the 21st century. In the event of a disaster, school officials, despite not being emergency management professionals, must make appropriate decisions and lead effectively in order to maintain safety and ensure educational continuity at their schools. The actions of school officials before, during, and after a disaster will likely play a key role in the safe and effective delivery of education in the future. This study was a comparative analysis of school officials in the New York City Metropolitan Region. The study …

Banished For Life: Deportation Of Juvenile Offenders As Cruel And Unusual Punishment, Beth Caldwell

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Illinois State, August 2013, Illinois State University, University Marketing And Communications

State: The Magazine of Illinois State University (1999-present)

Illinois State University alumni magazine

The Role Of The Federal Judge In The Constitutional Structure: An Originalist Perspective, Diarmuid F. O'Scannlain

San Diego Law Review

Join me now in examining some of the structural features of our Constitution. And let’s do so by focusing upon cases that have come before my court—the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the second highest federal court in the land, inferior only to the Supreme Court of the United States. My goal is to present, in modest outline, an originalist perspective on the federal judge’s role, particularly my role as a circuit judge, in the constitutional order.

Reasonable Persons, Reasonable Circumstances, Christopher Jackson

San Diego Law Review

The reasonable person test is a common thread that runs through the fabric of Anglo-American law. It has become such a common trope in legal discourse that it scarcely receives much attention in its own right. This Article analyzes one facet of the test that will yield significant benefits in understanding the subject as a whole: how we ought to go about determining which circumstances are relevant to the reasonable person inquiry. The Article will argue that the circumstances that ought to be part of the test will vary based on one’s underlying theoretical commitments: the reasonable person test is …

Are Fingerprints Really Individualized Evidence? A Meta-Analytic Study, Jonathan Dillon Barber

Master's Theses

In recent years, there have been many academics that have challenged the legitimacy of fingerprints as a source of individualized evidence. They have also questioned the experts that analyze fingerprints and the methods they use. There have been recent cases where judges have questioned the foundation of fingerprinting and dismissed fingerprints as evidence. This meta-analytic study brings together opinions, cases, and studies that focus on the foundation, evolution, and technological advancements of fingerprinting.

Local Uses Of International Criminal Justice In Bosnia-Herzegovina: Transcending Divisions Or Building Parallel Worlds?, Dejan Guzina, Branka Marijan

Political Science Faculty Publications

Social interactions at the local level are crucial to the analysis of the transitional justice and peace-building process. The reason that various international organizations in Bosnia have not been as successful in achieving the admittedly lofty goals of reconciliation is precisely because most of international representatives underestimated the agency of the local population, focusing exclusively on the actions of various local ethnic and civic elites. However, the parallel existence of competing state and nation building projects in Bosnia and their dominance over externally-supported projects of reconciliation cannot be simply explained by relying on one overarching variable – Bosnian nationalist elites’ …

The Parthenon, August 1, 2013, Rebecca Stephens

The Parthenon

The Parthenon, Marshall University’s student newspaper, is published by students Monday through Friday during the regular semester and weekly Thursday during the summer. The editorial staff is responsible for the news and the editorial content.

Online Attrition At A Community College In Rural Appalachia: A Phenomenological Approach, Victoria Sue Ratliff

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The education attainment level of residents in rural Appalachia has consistently ranked below the remaining populous of the United States. Although distance education initiatives have attempted to bridge the disparities between rural Appalachia and the rest of the nation, online community college students in this region are likely to drop out or fail their classes. To understand the phenomenon of online attrition in rural Appalachia, a phenomenological study was conducted to determine what students experienced from the time they chose to enroll in online classes through the point of failure or withdrawal from their courses. This triangulated study utilized surveys, …

Risk Assessment In Corrections: An Analysis Of Variables Related To Suicide Attempts And Self-Mutilation, Melissa Ann Fine

Theses and Dissertations

Suicide and self-mutilation risk assessment is a complicated process, especially within a correctional setting. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, over 50% of incarcerated individuals have a mental health illness, further reinforcing the need for concise, evidence-based risk assessment practices. The Virginia Department of Corrections collected data on suicide attempts, completed suicides, and incidents of self-injurious behavior for 17 months with a measure created to assess risk factor found in the community. Results indicated that numerous factors were related to suicide attempts, however only having made prior suicide attempts, the presence of a major depression diagnosis, and placement in …

Symposium – What Real-World Criminal Cases Tell Us About Genetics Evidence, Deborah W. Denno

UC Law Journal

Rapid advances in genetic and neuroscience research over the past few decades have fueled a focus on how such information is viewed and used by the criminal justice system. Researchers at the University of Utah recently conducted an unprecedented experimental study indicating that psychopathic criminal offenders are more likely to receive lighter sentences if a judge was aware of genetic and neurobiological explanations for the offender’s psychopathy. This Article contends that the study’s conclusions derive from substantial flaws in the study’s design and methodology. The hypothetical case upon which the study is based captures just one narrow and unrepresentative component …

Note – Toward Effective Access To Justice In Haiti: Eliminating The Medical Certificate Requirement In Rape Prosecution, Shannon D. Lankenau

UC Law Journal

In Haiti, the overwhelming majority of rapes go unpunished. To date, the Haitian government has failed to promulgate a working legal framework in which it can effectively prosecute crimes of sexual violence. Women, in particular, are disproportionately burdened by these inadequacies. This Note explores one of the most problematic aspects of the current legal system: the de facto requirement that a woman obtain a medical certificate to corroborate her claim of rape. Although not mandated by Haitian law, medical certificates are regarded as the foundation of any prosecution because deficient investigations often fail to produce any additional evidence for use …

The 2012 Economic Burden Of Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv) In Ecuador: Setting The Agenda For Future Research And Violence Prevention Policies, Maria-Isabel Roldos, Phaedra Corso

Publications and Research

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread social structural problem that affects a great proportion of Ecuadorian women. IPV is a sexually, psychologically, or physically coercive act against an adult or adolescent woman by a current or former intimate partner. Not-for-profit groups in Ecuador report that 70% of women experience 1 of the forms of IPV sometime during their lifetime, but population-based surveys suggest that 41% of Ecuadorian women are exposed to emotional violence, 31% physical violence, and 12% sexual violence by their spouse or partner over their lifetime. Despite the high prevalence, the response of the Ecuadorian government …

Restorative Criminal Justice, Hadar Dancig-Rosenberg, Tali Gal

Cardozo Law Review

This Article develops a model that integrates restorative justice within the conventional punitive system of criminal responsibility and punishment. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, we demonstrate that restorative justice should form a synergy with retributivism, deterrence, incapacitation, and other punitive goals of criminal law. We show how this synergy can be formed, illustrate its operation and identify its potential contribution to social welfare.

Emu Today, July 31, 2013, Eastern Michigan University

EMU Today

No abstract provided.