Digital Commons Network^™

The Nature Of Violence: Exploring How Community And Incident Characteristics Influence The Likelihood That Gun Crimes Become Multi-Victim Events, Kathleen Hillman

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Gun crime continues to represent a substantial threat to public safety in the United States. Firearms are disproportionately involved in most crimes of violence, particularly murder (Collins et al., 2017; Cook & Pollack, 2017; Goldsmith et al., 2022; Johnson et al., 2021), and firearm-related offending is more pronounced in the U.S. than any other industrialized nation (Carson et al., 2022). A large body of literature has examined the extent to which characteristics of communities, place, victims, and offenders contribute to the likelihood and frequency of gun violence. Yet the vast majority of these works have restricted their analyses to single-offender, …

Moral Injury Among Healthcare Chaplains: Responding To Systemic Racism Through Ethical Advocacy And Spiritual Care, Stephanie Drew

Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses

Systemic racism against minorities has woven its way into every facet of everyday existence, especially for Black Americans, and Healthcare is no exception. There are numerous proven instances of unfair and inequitable treatment of marginalized patients throughout the Healthcare system, and some have even caused Black patients to lose their lives. The mistreatment of Black and Brown people during perhaps one of the most vulnerable times of their lives is well documented dating back centuries. There are massive cuts to Medicaid, and insurance premiums are steadily going up making it very cumbersome for the poor and disenfranchised to navigate the …

Partners In Crime: Unraveling Accomplice Involvement In Jury Verdicts, Daphne A. Murray

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

The present study is only the second investigation to examine the effects of accomplice witness testimony on jury decision making. For this study, participants read a trial transcript of an assault case in which the defendant was accused of starting a physical altercation. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions where we varied the level of involvement of the accomplice. The three conditions included Accomplice-Altercation where the accomplice was directly involved in the altercation and threw a few punches, Accomplice-Lookout where the accomplice served as a lookout for police arrival, and a No Accomplice condition. The results of …

Are Documentaries Entertaining Or Informative? Perceptions Of Expert Interview Testimonials On False Evidence Ploys, Audrey R. Ecelbarger

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Media depicting wrongful convictions is growing in popularity, especially for false confession cases. Documentaries often interview individuals connected to the suspect or evidentiary experts, but rarely provide testimonials from confessions experts. Does the content and expertise of these documentary interviewees impact the viewer’s understanding of the risks that certain interrogation tactics pose to innocent suspects? In this experiment, participants learned about a false confession elicited by the “false evidence ploy,” where an interrogator falsely claims that there is evidence against the suspect that proves their guilt. They then watched an interview testimonial from either a confessions expert, the suspect’s lawyer, …

Snitch Switch: Does Gender Affect The Credibility Of Jailhouse Informants?, Claire Katherine Yontz

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

The testimony of jailhouse informants (JIs)—individuals who claim to have gained knowledge about a crime while incarcerated with a defendant—is considered a leading cause of wrongful convictions. The present study examined how the gender of the JI affects participants’ rating of the informant’s credibility by adapting a trial summary from Wetmore et al., 2014. In the trial summary, a male defendant, whose wife recently filed for divorce, returns home fro the bar one night to find the dead bodies of his wife and her alleged new romantic partner. Included in the trial summary, is the testimony of the defendant, numerous …

Abolish The Death Penalty, Mayce Williams

First Year Composition Colloquium

The author argues for abolishing the death penalty.

Tiktok Usage And Cyberbullying: A Systematic Review Of Existing Studies To Identify Correlations., Emma Willett

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

TikTok has rapidly become a pivotal part of adolescents' lives, and arguably one of the most influential social media platforms by creating unique patterns of communication and interaction. This short-video format platform has a uniquely designed, algorithm-driven “For You Page”, as well as a distinct environment for interaction and comment culture.

With the rise of popularity around TikTok, cyberbullying has also emerged as a significant concern (Guimetti, 2022). This thesis aims to conduct a systematic literature review of existing studies on TikTok usage and cyberbullying to determine whether or not there is a significant positive correlation between the two.

This …

Invisible Chains: The School-To-Prison Pipeline And The Criminalization Of Latinx Youth In Los Angeles, Martina Elizalde

Whittier Scholars Program

This quantitative research report examines how school discipline, attendance patterns, school policing, juvenile justice involvement, and reentry barriers reflect the broader school-to-prison pipeline affecting Latinx youth in Los Angeles. Using publicly available secondary data from the California Department of Education, Los Angeles Unified School District, Los Angeles School Police Department, California Department of Justice, Los Angeles County Probation Oversight Commission, and Homeboy Industries, this project analyzes the pipeline as a system rather than as one single event. The findings show that Latinx youth experience educational progress in some areas, such as graduation, but they continue to face higher chronic absenteeism, …

Use Of Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye To Identify Trace Dna On Simulated Restraint Evidence, Elizabeth M. Gallardo

Master's Theses

This study aims to test the effectiveness of Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye (DD) in an operational casework study. By sticking to the exterior of cellular material in damaged cells or by incorporation into nuclei in undamaged cells, trace DNA molecules are visualized through the fluorescence of DD. DD offers a possibility to more easily recover crucial trace DNA of evidentiary value by improved visualization of the DNA on surfaces. While DD is an emerging material that is gaining traction in the research world, past studies haven't looked at DD in a more operational casework setting. To meet this demand, this …

Extraction And Detection Of Α-Amanitin From A Gummy Matrix, Abigail Van De Water

Master's Theses

As a species, there is no mushroom family more deadly than the Amanita family, with most deaths being attributed to the mushroom A. phalloides. Its deadliness comes from a class of chemicals called amatoxins. These cyclic polypeptides (a, . and y) inhibit the function of RNA polymerase II which shuts down protein production in cells. Victims exhibit gastrointestinal issues followed by live failure, multiorgan failure, and eventually death if not treated. As interest in mushroom foraging increases, so does the potential for accidental poisoning based on misidentification. Another growing trend is people turning mushrooms into gummy candy, whether it be …

Snp Recovery And Eye Color Prediction Accuracy From Exogenous Human Hair: Evaluating The Impact Of Hair Color And Shaft Location, Kaitlyn Bennett

Master's Theses

Forensic science increasingly relies on DNA evidence; however, traditional short tandem repeat (STR) analysis has limitations when applied to degraded samples, such as hairs in the exogen phase. This preliminary study investigates the recovery and prediction accuracy of IrisPlex single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from exogen-stage human hair samples to determine how factors like hair color and shaft location influence SNP recovery and phenotypic eye color predictions. The analysis focuses on the IrisPlex SNPs rs12913832 (HERC2 gene) and rs1800407 (OCA2 gene), which are strongly associated with eye color variation. Hair samples were collected from twelve donors aged 18-26, representing natural brown, …

The Lived Experiences Of African American Youth With The Juvenile Justice System, Marion D. Rogers

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

This qualitative case study examined the lived experiences of African American youth in the juvenile justice system using Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and Intersectionality Theory as guiding frameworks. Three participants engaged in three rounds of in-depth interviews, and the data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, with findings presented at the within-case and cross-case levels. Results revealed how family dynamics, school exclusion, community survival strategies, and systemic surveillance shaped participants’ pathways through the justice system, while experiences of resilience coexisted with mistrust, invisibility, and ambivalence toward counselors and authority figures. The study highlights the importance of culturally responsive …

Navigating Reentry: A Life Course Inquiry Into The Structural And Personal Dimensions Among Returning Citizens, Julie Chowdhury

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

This qualitative study explores how returning citizens experience incarceration and reentry across the life course, focusing on the interplay of structural conditions, relational contexts, and human agency. Guided by Life Course Theory (LCT), reentry is conceptualized not as a discrete post-release transition but as a developmental process shaped by cumulative disadvantage, institutional stratification, and linked lives. Data were drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews with formerly incarcerated adults in the northeastern United States and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings show that incarceration and reentry are experienced as relational and multigenerational processes embedded within family systems and constrained opportunity structures, rather …

The Role Of Public Administration And Hrm In Promoting Guardian-Oriented Policing In Michigan, Sara L. Cowling

Master of Public Administration Capstone Papers

This capstone paper examines how public administrators and human resource management (HRM) practices in Michigan local law enforcement agencies can influence the adoption of a guardian-oriented approach to policing. Using a qualitative case study method and document analysis, this study integrates peer-reviewed literature on guardian and warrior policing models with public administration and HRM frameworks. Findings indicate that due to the centralized structure of the Michigan Commission on Law Enforcement Standards (MCOLES) and standardized academy training, local agencies have limited control over recruit socialization during initial training. Thus, recruitment and hiring practices, specifically recruitment messaging, applicant self-selection, interviewing, organizational fit …

Elizabeth Gibson Drinko Honors Convocation, Honors College

Honors Convocation

The Elizabeth Gibson Drinko Honors Convocation Awards Program for Spring 2026, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.

The End Of The List: Constructive Waiver Of The Right To Counsel In Virginia, Thomas C. Squires

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

This Note will first give a general background on the right to counsel in the United States that stems from the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, with a focus on the right as applied in the Commonwealth of Virginia. A brief examination of the specific Virginia Code section that is relevant when discussing this issue will follow. This code section and its deficiencies collectively present potential threats to defendants’ right to counsel. An evaluation of federal case law and Virginia case law on constructive waiver will follow. This Note will conclude by offering potential solutions to head the looming …

Luz E. Herrera, Luz E. Herrera

Faculty CVs

No abstract provided.

The Role And Professional Obligations Of Crown Attorneys In Disposition Hearings For Not Criminally Responsible Accused At Provincial Review Boards, Andrew Flavelle Martin

Dalhousie Law Journal

Crown attorneys perform several different roles, each accompanied by a set of professional obligations. R v Boucher makes it clear that the role and professional obligations of the Crown attorney at trial are to pursue justice, not to win. Much less clear are the role and professional obligations of Crown attorneys at review board disposition hearings for not criminally responsible (NCR) accused under Part XX.1 of the Criminal Code. In this article, I do two things. First, I canvass and synthesize the case law, legislative proceedings, and literature to identify the correct role of Crown attorneys at disposition hearings. I …

Separating And Identifying Delta-8-Thc And Delta-9-Thc On Gc/Ms, Ann Schmidt

Honors Projects

Delta-8-THC and delta-9-THC are two psychoactive compounds found in marijuana products which are only distinguishable from each other by alternating the location of a single double bond.  This makes them a challenge to separate and identify as different compounds using the GC/MS.  These isomers are legally recognized as the different compounds, so being able to identify delta-8 and delta-9 THC separately is crucial to forensic analysis. The goal of this research project is to optimize an Intuvo 9000 GC connected to a standard MS to be able to separately and prominently identify delta-8-THC and delta-9-THC in a sample.  This was …

Overview: Neuroscience And The Law, John M. Conley, Rami Major

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Off-Label Neuroimaging, Jane Campbell Moriarty

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Defining Civil Rico's "Injury To Business Or Property" Requirement: The Supreme Court Takes A Few Steps, Says It Punts, But Actually Fumbles, Randy D. Gordon

Faculty Scholarship

Throughout its history, the RICO statute has presented lawyers with something of an interpretive parlor game. It is indefinite along multiple dimensions and thereby given multiple interpretations, even down to the word level. In Medical Marijuana v. Horn, the Supreme Court set out to define one of RICO's civil-standing provisions: Namely, whether the statute's "injury to business or property" requirement can be satisfied when a plaintiff suffers both economic and personal injuries. In a 5-4 decision, members of the Court engaged in an interpretive battle over the meaning of the phrase and succeeded only in holding that civil RICO does …

Plea Bargain Skepticism When Companies Kill People, Peter R. Reilly

Faculty Scholarship

In 2018 and 2019, two Boeing 737 MAX airplanes fell from the sky, killing 346 people—one of the deadliest corporate crimes in U.S. history. Instead of taking the case to trial, the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) addressed the matter by using two different alternative dispute resolution vehicles. First, Boeing was given a three-year deferred prosecution agree-ment. That deal was canceled when DOJ determined the company had breached it. Next, Boeing was given a plea bargain. This Article argues that federal courts, which are empowered to approve or reject plea deals, should be skeptical when the government turns to …

Between Home And Hallway: Does School Discipline And Parental Incarceration Moderate Academic Outcomes Among Justice Involved Youth?, Morgan M. Hamer

All Theses

This study examines the relationship between parental justice contact, school disciplinary action, and academic performance of juvenile justice involved youth. Prior research has found youth with parents with justice system contact and juvenile justice involved youth to be vulnerable populations. Specifically, this study examines how a youthful offender with at least one parent with justice system contact performs academically, and if this relationship is moderated by school disciplinary action. Using quantitative data from the baseline wave of the Pathways to Desistance Study (Mulvey et. al, 2004), an ordered logistic regression analysis was employed to assess whether parental justice contact predicts …

An Evaluation Of A Nonprofit Support Service For System-Impacted Individuals In Monterey County, Jackie T. Nguyen

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Formerly incarcerated individuals in Monterey County experience high rates of housing instability and homelessness due to systemic barriers such as stigma, employment discrimination, and restricted housing access. These challenges increase the risk of recidivism and long-term socioeconomic instability, highlighting the need for effective reentry support. This capstone project evaluated the effectiveness of a reentry program in promoting long-term stability and identified strengths and areas for improvement. The evaluation was conducted at Helping Empower Reentry Services (H.E.R.S.), a nonprofit organization serving Medi-Cal recipients through Enhanced Care Management and Community Supports. Activities included engaging with 30 program participants and collecting survey data …

Breaking The Cycle: Identifying Reentry Barriers For Prop 47 Clients In Monterey County, Julissa Aldaco-Ambriz

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Jail recidivism is a persisting problem in California. Formerly incarcerated individuals face barriers such as limited access to treatment, housing instability, and lack of consistent reentry support. This capstone project was conducted at the Monterey County Public Defender’s Office, specifically within the Proposition 47 rapid response and mental health diversion programs, which serve primarily low-income, minority, and immigrant populations in Monterey County. The purpose of this research project was to evaluate how Proposition 47 programs are impacting recidivism outcomes. Qualitative methods, including interviews with attorneys, were used to identify barriers to reentry, as well as potential improvements. Findings showed that …

From Custody To Community: Improving The Release Experience Through The Monterey County Reentry Initiative, Diana M. Yanes

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This project examines the challenges faced by individuals reentering the community after incarceration in Monterey County, with a focus on housing instability, limited access to behavioral health services, and gaps in coordinated reentry support. It explores the Monterey County Reentry Initiative, a program designed to support individuals transitioning from custody as well as community members in need of recovery and social services. The purpose of this study is to understand how the program is structured, how it has evolved into a broader outreach and recovery model, and how it connects with other systems such as the Public Defender’s Office. Information …

Addressing Jail Recidivism In California: A Comparison Of Holistic Defense Models In Two Public Defenders' Offices, Karissa Castrejon

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This Capstone Project addressed the issue of jail recidivism rates in California. The project consisted of a comparative analysis of Holistic Defense models implemented in two different Counties’ Public Defenders Offices. A qualitative approach that included interviews with key informants was used to understand how social work teams operate in Monterey and Santa Clara Counties. These two counties were selected because both use Proposition 47 funds to implement programs intended to reduce recidivism. The interviews took place at the Public Defender’s Office and courts in Salinas, as well as in Santa Clara County. Key activities included court observations, a site …

Improving Reentry Outcomes Through Phone Access: A Program Proposal For The Monterey County Public Defender’S Office, Jeralyn Molina

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This capstone project addresses the issue of limited phone access among individuals reentering the community after incarceration, a barrier that contributes to communication challenges, missed court appearances, and difficulty accessing essential services. The project was conducted at the Monterey County Public Defender’s Office, specifically within the Mental Health Diversion and Proposition 47 programs, which serve individuals facing legal, mental health, and substance use challenges. The population served by these programs consists of low-income, justice-involved individuals in Monterey County, many of whom experience homelessness, mental health conditions, and limited access to resources. The purpose of this project was to develop a …

Streamlining Client Information For Post-Conviction Relief In Monterey County, Selena Lopez Arizmendi

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This capstone project addresses barriers to record clearing services that impact recidivism and reentry outcomes in California. Individuals with criminal records often face challenges in securing employment, housing, and stability, increasing the likelihood of continued justice system involvement. The Clean Slate Program at the Monterey County Public Defender’s Office provides post-conviction relief services to help reduce these barriers. Although Proposition 47 funding ended in February 2026, program services have continued. This project identified a need for a standardized, client-friendly informational resource, as key information has historically been communicated verbally, limiting understanding and retention. To address this gap, a concise Clean …