Digital Commons Network^™

Constructing The Norte Grande: Chilean Infrastructure In The Northern Border Region, 1915-1929, William Cohoon

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

The norte grande, the far north, is comprised of the provinces of Antofagasta and Tarapacá. Acquired after the War of the Pacific, 1878 to 1883, this region increased Chile by almost a third,1 and possessed valuable mineral resources, such as sodium nitrate and guano. With these resources at Chile's disposal the government realized the norte grande, despite several decades of Great Britain‟s entrepreneurship, possessed limited infrastructure. This included, but was not limited to, the ports of Antofagasta and Arica not being up-to-date with improved technology to handle modern cargo loads, as well as Chile not being able to respond militarily …

Industrial And Environmental Pressures Affecting Fante-Speaking Artisanal Fishers Of Anomabo, Ghana: A Case Study, Dylan Clark

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

A great deal of literature exists regarding the global fisheries crisis. However, the human element has been largely overlooked. This study seeks to understand the relationship that traditional Fante-speaking peoples have with oceanic resources. Interviews with artisanal fishers, trades-women, and influential elders from the coastal village of Anomabo in the Central Region of Ghana were conducted over a six-week period. Interviews revealed the degree to which artisanal fishers compete with industrial fleets (both domestic and foreign), the nutritional and economic importance of the artisanal industry as well as the cultural practices embedded within maritime subsistence activities. Industrial fisheries threaten global …

Front Matter Volume 7, 2013, Mcnair Scholars Program

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Front matter includes program background, Table of Contents, and a complete listing of 2012 Portland State McNair Scholars.

Effects Of Environmental Enrichment And Natural Substrates On Increasing Species‐Specific Behavior Of Captive Northern White‐Cheeked Gibbons (Nomascus Leucogenys Leucogenys), Arina Woolery

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Suboptimal housing conditions in zoos can cause animals to develop negative behaviors associated with excessive stress levels. Environmental enrichment and the use of natural substrates can decrease stereotypy and increase species-specific behaviors of captive animals (Gibbons et al, 1994). This study observed two pairs of gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys) at the Oregon Zoo for 40 hours from July 5th through August 7th in order to analyze the effect that increased environmental enrichment and natural substrates had on the behavior of captive white-cheeked gibbons. One of the gibbon pairs (Phyllis and Duffy) had been housed in the new Red Ape Reserve …

The Effects Of Experimentally Induced Psychological Stress On Memory Recall, Mohamed A. Mohamed

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Numerous studies have established the relationship between stress and memory, particularly stress and its effect on memory retrieval. When we experience stress, there is a cascade of hormonal responses which are critical to helping the body cope with the stressful event. When the stressful event persists, levels of the hormone cortisol--a type of glucocorticoid increases in response to the stress and have wide-ranging effects on the body. In particular, cortisol can have an effect on brain cells, particularly the hippocampus which is responsible for cognitive activities such as learning and memory. In this study, we utilized a public speaking task …

Prostate Cancer Stem Cell-Targeted Efficacy Of A New-Generation Taxoid, Sbt-1214 And Novel Polyenolic Zinc-Binding Curcuminoid, Cmc2.24, Galina I. Botchkina, Edison S. Zuniga, Rebecca H. Rowehl, Rosa Park, Rahuldev Bhalla, Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Francis Johnson, Lorne M. Golbu, Yu Zhang, Iwao Ojima, Kenneth R. Shroyer

Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Background

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men. Multiple evidence suggests that a population of tumor-initiating, or cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for cancer development and exceptional drug resistance, representing a highly important therapeutic target. The present study evaluated CSC-specific alterations induced by new-generation taxoid SBT-1214 and a novel polyenolic zinc-binding curcuminoid, CMC2.24, in prostate CSCs.

Principal Findings

The CD133high/CD44high phenotype was isolated from spontaneously immortalized patient-derived PPT2 cells and highly metastatic PC3MM2 cells. Weekly treatment of the NOD/SCID mice bearing PPT2- and PC3MM3-induced tumors with the SBT-1214 led to dramatic suppression of tumor …

The Utah Statesman, September 24, 2013, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Spartan Daily, September 24, 2013, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 141, Issue 11

Minutes, Arts & Sciences Academic Affairs Committee Meeting, Tuesday, Sept. 24, 2013, Arts & Sciences Academic Affairs Committee

Academic Affairs Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

Goats Favour Personal Over Social Information In An Experimental Foraging Task, Luigi Baciadonna, Alan G. Mcelligott, Elodie F. Briefer

Ethology Collection

Animals can use their environments more efficiently by selecting particular sources of information (personal or social), according to specific situations. Group-living animals may benefit from gaining information based on the behaviour of other individuals. Indeed, social information is assumed to be faster and less costly to use than personal information, thus increasing foraging efficiency. However, when food sources change seasonally or are randomly distributed, individual information may become more reliable than social information. The aim of this study was to test the use of conflicting personal versus social information in goats (Capra hircus), in a foraging task.We found that goats …

Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Regulates Cellular Cholesterol Metabolism And Cell Signaling Associated With Breast Cancer Development., Christiane Danilo, Jorge L Gutierrez-Pajares, Maria Antonietta Mainieri, Isabelle Mercier, Michael P. Lisanti, Philippe G. Frank

Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have identified cholesterol as an important regulator of breast cancer development. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its cellular receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) have both been implicated in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis, but their functions in cancer remain to be established.

METHODS: In the present study, we have examined the role of HDL and SR-BI in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways in breast cancer cell lines and in the development of tumor in a mouse xenograft model.

RESULTS: Our data show that HDL is capable of stimulating migration and can activate signal …

Cannabinoid 2 (Cb2) Receptor Gene Promoter And Unique Rna Transcripts In B Cells And Methods Of Use, Thomas W. Klein, Tracy Sherwood, Liang Nong, Cathy Newton

USF Patents

Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is expressed in B lymphocytes and is involved in immune regulation. Mouse splenic B cells express three CB2 transcripts utilizing two different first exons. Human peripheral blood B cells express one CB2 transcript utilizing one first exon. Alignment of sequenced RACE products to either the mouse or human genome reveals that isolated transcripts contain previously unidentified transcriptional start sites (TSS). B cells from mouse and human preferentially express one transcript, exon 1a in mouse and exon 1 in human. Multiple CB2 TSSs are utilized in mouse splenic B cells and one TSS in human peripheral blood …

Melanoma Biomolecules: Independently Identified But Functionally Intertwined, Danielle E. Dye, Sandra Medic, Mel R. Ziman Dr, Deirdre R. Coombe

Research outputs 2013

The majority of patients diagnosed with melanoma present with thin lesions and generally these patients have a good prognosis. However, 5% of patients with early melanoma (thick) will have recurrence and die within 10 years, despite no evidence of local or metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. Thus, there is a need for additional prognostic markers to help identify those patients that may be at risk of recurrent disease. Many studies and several meta-analyses have compared gene and protein expression in melanocytes, naevi, primary, and metastatic melanoma in an attempt to find informative prognostic markers for these patients. However, …

The New Hampshire, Vol. 103 [104], No. 05 (Sep. 24, 2013), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire. This volume was printed as 103, but it is the 104th volume in the series. This was corrected in pencil.

Dil Symposium Program Development Exercise: Interdisciplinary Center, Jake Carlson, Camille Andrews, Marianne S. Bracke, Michael Fosmire, Jon Jeffryes, Lisa Johnston, Megan R. Sapp Nelson, Dean Walton, Brian Westra, Sarah J. Wright

Data Information Literacy Symposium

No abstract provided.

Montana Kaimin, September 24, 2013, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Ethanol Induced Sign‐Tracking In Swiss Mice, Phoebe J. Smitasin

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Rationale: It is thought that alcohol addiction is influenced by environmental cues. One way this relationship is built is through Pavlovian learning, in which the alcohol is repeatedly paired with an environmental cue. Sign-tracking is a type of behavior that exhibits a Pavlovian learned association.

Objectives: Our experiment studies induced sign-tracking using ethanol and a light visual cue (conditioned stimulus or CS).

Methods: In this study, one set of mice was given ethanol through intraperitoneal (IP) injections before being placed in an apparatus with a spatially isolated light visual cue. A control group was also placed in an apparatus with …

Molding The History Of A Maritime Empire: The Role Of The Thirteenth‐Century Mosaics Of San Marco In Reforming The Venetian Past, Heather Mccambly

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

The mosaics of the Venetian Church of San Marco embody how this empire used imagery for political and ecclesiastical purposes. The church of San Marco is recognized as a force which drew the island fragments of primitive Venice into a unified city and empire. This paper will examine the thirteenth-century mosaics by analyzing a variety of factors in the visual environment and the iconography of the mosaics themselves. First, I will examine briefly the nature medieval visuality and the previous architectural and artistic tradition within San Marco, moving then to analysis of the mosaics of the Old Testament cycle, the …

Food Web Impacts Of The Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail In An Estuarine System, Amanda L. Kelley

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Non-indigenous species (hereafter NIS) have long been recognized as adversely affecting habitats they invade. While many of their documented ecological impacts have been to specific species, namely prey, they may impact whole food webs. Both vertebrate and invertebrate NIS have been present in the Columbia River since the mid 1800’s. The New Zealand mudsnail, (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, hereafter NZMS) was first reported in the Columbia River Estuary in 1995. This typically freshwater NIS invaded Youngs Bay, a shallow embayment within the Columbia River estuary system, and has proliferated within this benthic community. To date, there have been no inquiries into the …

Africans And African Americans: Conflicts, Stereotypes And Grudges, Foday Darboe

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

This research focuses critically on the relationship between African immigrants and African Americans in the United States. It examines stereotypes, conflicts and grudges between the two groups and how they impact their co-existence and adaptation to each other. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved Africans that were transported to the US during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Since African Americans and Africans are descended from the same root African cultures, it is reasonable to expect that they would adapt and co-exist in harmony; however, there is tension between the two groups. My objectives are to probe the issues between these …

Oviposition Site Choice In A Neotropical Treefrog, Dendropsophus Ebraccatus, Julie Worley

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

An organism’s fitness is determined by its ability to produce viable offspring. For animals that lack post-hatching parental care, assessing and discriminating between oviposition sites may increase offspring survival. The Neotropical treefrog, Dendropsophus ebraccatus, is the only vertebrate known to be able to lay eggs both aquatically and terrestrially, and can do so in a given night. Laying eggs in water can increase hypoxia and aquatic predation, whereas desiccation and terrestrial predation increase with oviposition on land. Dendropsophus ebraccatus therefore provides a unique opportunity to measure adult reproductive choices in response to opposing costs associated with aquatic versus terrestrial reproduction. …

An Bó Bheannaithe: Cattle Symbolism In Traditional Irish Folklore, Myth, And Archaeology, Amy Sherwood

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

This paper explores the role cattle played in Iron Age Irish society, in their sociopolitical and economic systems, as a means of subsistence, and finally as a symbol within their belief system. Religious traditions play an integral role in any society and have a profound and systemic effect on many other aspects of culture, and should therefore be of great interest to archaeologists. However, belief systems might not be well-represented by material culture. In order to potentially understand the relationship between Iron Age Irish economy and religion, in this case as it pertains to cattle, it is necessary to make …

Portland's Artisan Economy: The Arts And Crafts Sector, Melissa Cannon

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

The city of Portland, Oregon has recently been experiencing a transformation from an economy of large-scale mass production to a post-modern economy. While current theory maintains that economic development requires expansion of specialized industrial goods and services being traded to other regions, Portland is challenging this notion through its unique characteristics of local production. In what is becoming known as the artisan economy certain sectors are demonstrating craft-like qualities that have catalyzed their success. As a leader in planning, civic life and livability, Portland has increasingly drawn attention from the outside and presents an interesting story that may shed some …

Victor‐Lévy Beaulieu And Québec's Linguistic And Cultural Identity Struggle, Anna Marie Brown

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

This article discusses language policy, ethnic identity and bilingualism in Quebec, Canada, through the lens of the writing of Victor Levy Beaulieu.

Faculty Mentor: Jennifer Perlmutter

Community Learning Garden Programs In The Portland Area: How Do Learning Gardens Help Low‐Income Families Access Fresh Locally‐Grown Foods?, Denissia Elizabeth Withers

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Community learning garden programs help families grow and prepare their own food. The skills and knowledge gained from these programs can help families access more fresh locally-grown foods. However, locally-grown foods are often perceived to be too expensive for low-income families. Economic barriers such as transportation and access to convenient food sources and the perceived high cost of fresh foods limit the amount of fresh foods available to low-income families and individuals. This study was designed to analyze how participation in community learning garden programs helps increase lowincome families access to organic and/or fresh locally-grown foods. Although the preliminary sample …

Dil Symposium Day 1 Keynote Address: Teaching Data Management, Elaine R. Martin

Data Information Literacy Symposium

No abstract provided.

Systems Oriented Design: The Emergence And Development Of A Designerly Approach To Address Complexity, Birger Sevaldson

Learn X Design Conference Series

Designers are especially well suited to cope with the complexity of the real world because of three reasons: they are trained to synthesise solutions from complex and fuzzy material and they are good at visualising which is an enormous advantage for thinking in complexity. Finally they are creative people trained to come up with new solutions. There already exists design practices geared towards dealing with complexity. But such practices need to be systematized and developed further. One way of doing this is to develop its relation to other practices of complexity found in systems thinking and systems practices. This paper …

Dil Symposium Day1 Slides, Dil Project Team

Data Information Literacy Symposium

No abstract provided.

Current, September 23, 2013, University Of Missouri-St. Louis

Current (2010s)

No abstract provided.

Animal Cruelty And The Sadism Of Everyday Life, Harold Herzog

'Animals and Us' Blog Posts

New studies shed light on the psychology of animal cruelty.