Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2013

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 15691 - 15720 of 19587

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Long-Term Exposure To Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces Hypomethylation At The Runx3 And Igf2-H19 Loci In Immortalized Human Urothelial Cells, Li-Mei Chen, Jennifer C. Nergard, Liqiang Ni, Charles J. Rosser, Karl X. Chai Jan 2013

Long-Term Exposure To Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces Hypomethylation At The Runx3 And Igf2-H19 Loci In Immortalized Human Urothelial Cells, Li-Mei Chen, Jennifer C. Nergard, Liqiang Ni, Charles J. Rosser, Karl X. Chai

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Cigarette smoking is the single most important epidemiological risk factor for bladder cancer but it is not known whether exposure of urothelial cells to the systemic soluble contents of cigarette smoke is directly causative to bladder cancer and the associated epigenetic changes such as tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation. We undertook this study to investigate if long-term treatment of human urothelial cells with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) results in tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation, a phenotype that was previously associated with long-term constant CSE treatment of airway epithelial cells. We chronically treated an immortalized human urothelial cell line UROtsa with CSE using …

Go to article

Mmp-3 Contributes To Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss, Bbb Damage, And Neuroinflammation In An Mptp Mouse Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Young Cheul Chung, Yoon-Seong Kim, Eugene Bok, Tae Young Yune, Sungho Maeng, Byung Kwan Jin Jan 2013

Mmp-3 Contributes To Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss, Bbb Damage, And Neuroinflammation In An Mptp Mouse Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Young Cheul Chung, Yoon-Seong Kim, Eugene Bok, Tae Young Yune, Sungho Maeng, Byung Kwan Jin

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The present study examined whether matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) participates in the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease with blood brain barrier (BBB) damage and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining of brain sections from MPTP-treated mice showed that MPTP induced significant degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. Moreover, FITC-labeled albumin detection and immunostaining revealed that MPTP caused damage to the BBB and increased the number of ED-1- and CD-3-immunopositive cells in the substantia nigra (SN). Genetic ablation of MMP-3 reduced the nigrostriatal DA neuron loss and …

Go to article

Collaboration In Libraries And Learning Environments, Larry Cooperman Jan 2013

Collaboration In Libraries And Learning Environments, Larry Cooperman

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Proximate And Ultimate Causes Of Signal Diversity In The Electric Fish Gymnotus, W. G. R. Crumpton, A. Rodríguez-Cattáneo, N. R. Lovejoy, A. A. Caputi Jan 2013

Proximate And Ultimate Causes Of Signal Diversity In The Electric Fish Gymnotus, W. G. R. Crumpton, A. Rodríguez-Cattáneo, N. R. Lovejoy, A. A. Caputi

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

A complete understanding of animal signal evolution necessitates analyses of both the proximate (e. g. anatomical and physiological) mechanisms of signal generation and reception, and the ultimate (i.e. evolutionary) mechanisms underlying adaptation and diversification. Here we summarize the results of a synthetic study of electric diversity in the species-rich neotropical electric fish genus Gymnotus. Our study integrates two research directions. The first examines the proximate causes of diversity in the electric organ discharge (EOD) - which is the carrier of both the communication and electrolocation signal of electric fishes - via descriptions of the intrinsic properties of electrocytes, electrocyte innervation, …

Go to article

Heat-Stress And Light-Stress Induce Different Cellular Pathologies In The Symbiotic Dinoflagellate During Coral Bleaching, C. A. Downs, Kathleen E. Mcdougall, Cheryl M. Woodley, John E. Fauth, Robert H. Richmond, Ariel Kushmaro, Stuart W. Gibb, Yossi Loya, Gary K. Ostrander, Esti Kramarsky-Winter Jan 2013

Heat-Stress And Light-Stress Induce Different Cellular Pathologies In The Symbiotic Dinoflagellate During Coral Bleaching, C. A. Downs, Kathleen E. Mcdougall, Cheryl M. Woodley, John E. Fauth, Robert H. Richmond, Ariel Kushmaro, Stuart W. Gibb, Yossi Loya, Gary K. Ostrander, Esti Kramarsky-Winter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Coral bleaching is a significant contributor to the worldwide degradation of coral reefs and is indicative of the termination of symbiosis between the coral host and its symbiotic algae (dinoflagellate; Symbiodinium sp. complex), usually by expulsion or xenophagy (symbiophagy) of its dinoflagellates. Herein, we provide evidence that during the earliest stages of environmentally induced bleaching, heat stress and light stress generate distinctly different pathomorphological changes in the chloroplasts, while a combined heat-and light-stress exposure induces both pathomorphologies; suggesting that these stressors act on the dinoflagellate by different mechanisms. Within the first 48 hours of a heat stress (32 degrees C) …

Go to article

In Vivo Expression Technology Identifies A Novel Virulence Factor Critical For Borrelia Burgdorferi Persistence In Mice, Tisha Choudhury Ellis, Sunny Jain, Angelika K. Linowski, Kelli Rike, Aaron Bestor, Patricia A. Rosa, Micah Halpern, Stephanie Kurhanewicz, Mollie W. Jewett Jan 2013

In Vivo Expression Technology Identifies A Novel Virulence Factor Critical For Borrelia Burgdorferi Persistence In Mice, Tisha Choudhury Ellis, Sunny Jain, Angelika K. Linowski, Kelli Rike, Aaron Bestor, Patricia A. Rosa, Micah Halpern, Stephanie Kurhanewicz, Mollie W. Jewett

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Analysis of the transcriptome of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, during infection has proven difficult due to the low spirochete loads in the mammalian tissues. To overcome this challenge, we have developed an In Vivo Expression Technology (IVET) system for identification of B. burgdorferi genes expressed during an active murine infection. Spirochetes lacking linear plasmid (lp) 25 are non-infectious yet highly transformable. Mouse infection can be restored to these spirochetes by expression of the essential lp25-encoded pncA gene alone. Therefore, this IVET-based approach selects for in vivo-expressed promoters that drive expression of pncA resulting in the recovery …

Go to article

Seasonality Influences Cuticle Melanization And Immune Defense In A Cricket: Support For A Temperature-Dependent Immune Investment Hypothesis In Insects, Kenneth M. Fedorka, Emily K. Copeland, Wade E. Winterhalter Jan 2013

Seasonality Influences Cuticle Melanization And Immune Defense In A Cricket: Support For A Temperature-Dependent Immune Investment Hypothesis In Insects, Kenneth M. Fedorka, Emily K. Copeland, Wade E. Winterhalter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

To improve thermoregulation in colder environments, insects are expected to darken their cuticles with melanin via the phenoloxidase cascade, a phenomenon predicted by the thermal melanin hypothesis. However, the phenoloxidase cascade also plays a significant role in insect immunity, leading to the additional hypothesis that the thermal environment indirectly shapes immune function via direct selection on cuticle color. Support for the latter hypothesis comes from the cricket Allonemobius socius, where cuticle darkness and immune-related phenoloxidase activity increase with latitude. However, thermal environments vary seasonally as well as geographically, suggesting that seasonal plasticity in immunity may also exist. Although seasonal fluctuations …

Go to article

Nitration Of Hsp90 Induces Cell Death, Maria Clara Franco, Yaozu Ye, Christian A. Refakis, Jessica L. Feldman, Audrey L. Stokes, Raquel M. Melero Fernandez De Mera, Nicklaus A. Sparrow, Noel Y. Callingasan, Mahmoud Kiaei, Timonthy W. Rhoads, Thong C. Ma, Martin Grumet, Stephen Barnes, M. Flint Beal, Joseph S. Beckman, Ryan Mehl, Alvaro G. Estevez Jan 2013

Nitration Of Hsp90 Induces Cell Death, Maria Clara Franco, Yaozu Ye, Christian A. Refakis, Jessica L. Feldman, Audrey L. Stokes, Raquel M. Melero Fernandez De Mera, Nicklaus A. Sparrow, Noel Y. Callingasan, Mahmoud Kiaei, Timonthy W. Rhoads, Thong C. Ma, Martin Grumet, Stephen Barnes, M. Flint Beal, Joseph S. Beckman, Ryan Mehl, Alvaro G. Estevez

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Oxidative stress is a widely recognized cause of cell death associated with neurodegeneration, inflammation, and aging. Tyrosine nitration in these conditions has been reported extensively, but whether tyrosine nitration is a marker or plays a role in the cell-death processes was unknown. Here, we show that nitration of a single tyrosine residue on a small proportion of 90-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90), is sufficient to induce motor neuron death by the P2X7 receptor-dependent activation of the Fas pathway. Nitrotyrosine at position 33 or 56 stimulates a toxic gain of function that turns Hsp90 into a toxic protein. Using an antibody that …

Go to article

Nanoceria: A Rare-Earth Nanoparticle As A Novel Anti-Angiogenic Therapeutic Agent In Ovarian Cancer, Shailendra Giri, Ajay Karakoti, Rondell P. Graham, Jacie L. Maguire, Christopher M. Reilly, Sudipta Seal, Ramandeep Rattan, Viji Shridhar Jan 2013

Nanoceria: A Rare-Earth Nanoparticle As A Novel Anti-Angiogenic Therapeutic Agent In Ovarian Cancer, Shailendra Giri, Ajay Karakoti, Rondell P. Graham, Jacie L. Maguire, Christopher M. Reilly, Sudipta Seal, Ramandeep Rattan, Viji Shridhar

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the fifth most common cause of death from all cancers among women in United Sates and the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. While most OvCa patients initially respond to surgical debulking and chemotherapy, 75% of patients later succumb to the disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to test novel therapeutic agents to counteract the high mortality rate associated with OvCa. In this context, we have developed and engineered Nanoceria (NCe), nanoparticles of cerium oxide, possessing anti-oxidant properties, to be used as a therapeutic agent in OvCa. We show for the first time that …

Go to article

Endoscopic Innovations, Robert H. Hawes Jan 2013

Endoscopic Innovations, Robert H. Hawes

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Overall, Digestive Disease Week (DDW) 2013 was an excellent year for endoscopic innovation. For this section, the abstracts have been divided into new technologies and new techniques. The abstracts selected for review are ones that represent material that has a reasonable chance of affecting the practice of GI endoscopy.

Go to article

Assessment Of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales For The Removal Of Phosphorus From Stormwater, Andrew Hood, Manoj Chopra, Martin Wanielista Jan 2013

Assessment Of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales For The Removal Of Phosphorus From Stormwater, Andrew Hood, Manoj Chopra, Martin Wanielista

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Stormwater runoff from highways is a source of pollution to surface water bodies and groundwater. Excess loadings of phosphorus in stormwater discharged to surface water bodies can result in eutrophication. Treatment of stormwater for phosphorus is necessary in order to sustain ecological and economical benefits related to aquatic resources. If phosphorus is removed, the water can be sustained for other uses, such as irrigation and industrial applications. The data presented in this paper is used to evaluate the treatment performance of a roadside biosorption activated media system with regards to the removal of total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus from …

Go to article

Human Granuloma In Vitro Model, For Tb Dormancy And Resuscitation, Nidhi Kapoor, Santosh Pawar, Tatiana D. Sirakova, Chirajyoti Deb, William L. Warren, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy Jan 2013

Human Granuloma In Vitro Model, For Tb Dormancy And Resuscitation, Nidhi Kapoor, Santosh Pawar, Tatiana D. Sirakova, Chirajyoti Deb, William L. Warren, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for death of nearly two million people in the world annually. Upon infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes formation of granuloma where the pathogen goes into dormant state and can live for decades before resuscitation to develop active disease when the immune system of the host is weakened and/or suppressed. In an attempt to better understand host-pathogen interactions, several groups have been developing in vitro models of human tuberculosis granuloma. However, to date, an in vitro granuloma model in which Mtb goes into dormancy and can subsequently resuscitate under conditions that mimic weakening of the immune system …

Go to article

Social Insects Dominate Eastern Us Temperate Hardwood Forest Macroinvertebrate Communities In Warmer Regions, Joshua R. King, Robert J. Warren, Mark A. Bradford Jan 2013

Social Insects Dominate Eastern Us Temperate Hardwood Forest Macroinvertebrate Communities In Warmer Regions, Joshua R. King, Robert J. Warren, Mark A. Bradford

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Earthworms, termites, and ants are common macroinvertebrates in terrestrial environments, although for most ecosystems data on their abundance and biomass is sparse. Quantifying their areal abundance is a critical first step in understanding their functional importance. We intensively sampled dead wood, litter, and soil in eastern US temperate hardwood forests at four sites, which span much of the latitudinal range of this ecosystem, to estimate the abundance and biomass m(-2) of individuals in macroinvertebrate communities. Macroinvertebrates, other than ants and termites, differed only slightly among sites in total abundance and biomass and they were similar in ordinal composition. Termites and …

Go to article

Oral Delivery Of Bioencapsulated Exendin-4 Expressed In Chloroplasts Lowers Blood Glucose Level In Mice And Stimulates Insulin Secretion In Beta-Tc6 Cells, Kwang-Chul Kwon, Ramya Nityanandam, James S. New, Henry Daniell Jan 2013

Oral Delivery Of Bioencapsulated Exendin-4 Expressed In Chloroplasts Lowers Blood Glucose Level In Mice And Stimulates Insulin Secretion In Beta-Tc6 Cells, Kwang-Chul Kwon, Ramya Nityanandam, James S. New, Henry Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) increases insulin secretion but is rapidly degraded (half-life: 2min in circulation). GLP-1 analogue, exenatide (Byetta) has a longer half-life (3.34h) with potent insulinotropic effects but requires cold storage, daily abdominal injections with short shelf life. Because patients with diabetes take > 60000 injections in their life time, alternative delivery methods are highly desired. Exenatide is ideal for oral delivery because insulinotropism is glucose dependent, with reduced risk of hypoglycaemia even at higher doses. Therefore, exendin-4 (EX4) was expressed as a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB)fusion protein in tobacco chloroplasts to facilitate bioencapsulation within plant cells and transmucosal delivery …

Go to article

Low Cost Tuberculosis Vaccine Antigens In Capsules: Expression In Chloroplasts, Bio-Encapsulation, Stability And Functional Evaluation In Vitro, Priya Saikumar Lakshmi, Dheeraj Verma, Xiangdong Yang, Bethany Lloyd, Hnery Daniell Jan 2013

Low Cost Tuberculosis Vaccine Antigens In Capsules: Expression In Chloroplasts, Bio-Encapsulation, Stability And Functional Evaluation In Vitro, Priya Saikumar Lakshmi, Dheeraj Verma, Xiangdong Yang, Bethany Lloyd, Hnery Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the leading fatal infectious diseases. The development of TB vaccines has been recognized as a major public health priority by the World Health Organization. In this study, three candidate antigens, ESAT-6 (6kDa early secretory antigenic target) and Mtb72F (a fusion polyprotein from two TB antigens, Mtb32 and Mtb39) fused with cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) and LipY (a cell wall protein) were expressed in tobacco and/or lettuce chloroplasts to facilitate bioencapsulation/oral delivery. Site-specific transgene integration into the chloroplast genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. In transplastomic leaves, CTB fusion proteins existed …

Go to article

Erythropoietin Is A Jak2 And Erk1/2 Effector That Can Promote Renal Tumor Cell Proliferation Under Hypoxic Conditions, Makito Miyake, Steve Goodison, Adrienne Lawton, Ge Zhang, Evan Gomes-Giacoia, Charles J. Rosser Jan 2013

Erythropoietin Is A Jak2 And Erk1/2 Effector That Can Promote Renal Tumor Cell Proliferation Under Hypoxic Conditions, Makito Miyake, Steve Goodison, Adrienne Lawton, Ge Zhang, Evan Gomes-Giacoia, Charles J. Rosser

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Erythropoietin (EPO) provides an alternative to transfusion for increasing red blood cell mass and treating anemia in cancer patients. However, recent studies have reported increased adverse events and/or reduced survival in patients receiving both EPO and chemotherapy, potentially related to EPO-induced cancer progression. Additional preclinical studies that elucidate the possible mechanism underlying EPO cellular growth stimulation are needed. Methods: Using commercial tissue microarray (TMA) of a variety of cancers and benign tissues, EPO and EPO receptor immunohistochemical staining was performed. Furthermore using a panel of human renal cells (Caki-1, 786-O, 769-P, RPTEC), in vitro and in vivo experiments were …

Go to article

The Role Of Chemokine Receptor Cxcr4 In Breast Cancer Metastasis, Debarati Mukherjee, Jihe Zhao Jan 2013

The Role Of Chemokine Receptor Cxcr4 In Breast Cancer Metastasis, Debarati Mukherjee, Jihe Zhao

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Breast cancer-related mortality is associated with the development of metastatic potential of primary tumor lesions. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been found to be a prognostic marker in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Recent advances in the field of cancer biology has pointed to the critical role that CXCR4 receptor and its ligand CXCL12 play in the metastasis of various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Breast tumors preferentially metastasize to the lung, bones and lymph nodes, all of which represent organs that secrete high …

Go to article

Training And Transfer Of Training In Rapid Visual Search For Camouflaged Targets, Mark B. Neider, Cher Wee Ang, Michelle W. Voss, Ronald Carbonari, Arthur F. Kramer Jan 2013

Training And Transfer Of Training In Rapid Visual Search For Camouflaged Targets, Mark B. Neider, Cher Wee Ang, Michelle W. Voss, Ronald Carbonari, Arthur F. Kramer

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Previous examinations of search under camouflage conditions have reported that performance improves with training and that training can engender near perfect transfer to similar, but novel camouflage-type displays [1]. What remains unclear, however, are the cognitive mechanisms underlying these training improvements and transfer benefits. On the one hand, improvements and transfer benefits might be associated with higher-level overt strategy shifts, such as through the restriction of eye movements to target-likely (background) display regions. On the other hand, improvements and benefits might be related to the tuning of lower-level perceptual processes, such as figure-ground segregation. To decouple these competing possibilities we …

Go to article

Mapping Crmp3 Domains Involved In Dendrite Morphogenesis And Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Regulation, Tam T. Quach, Sarah M. Wilson, Veronique Rogemond, Naura Chounlamountri, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy, Stephanie Martinez, May Khanna, Marie-Francoise Belin, Rajesh Khanna, Jerome Honnorat, Anne-Marie Duchemin Jan 2013

Mapping Crmp3 Domains Involved In Dendrite Morphogenesis And Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Regulation, Tam T. Quach, Sarah M. Wilson, Veronique Rogemond, Naura Chounlamountri, Pappachan E. Kolattukudy, Stephanie Martinez, May Khanna, Marie-Francoise Belin, Rajesh Khanna, Jerome Honnorat, Anne-Marie Duchemin

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Although hippocampal neurons are well-distinguished by the morphological characteristics of their dendrites and their structural plasticity, the mechanisms involved in regulating their neurite initiation, dendrite growth, network formation and remodeling are still largely unknown, in part because the key molecules involved remain elusive. Identifying new dendrite-active cues could uncover unknown molecular mechanisms that would add significant understanding to the field and possibly lead to the development of novel neuroprotective therapy because these neurons are impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders. In our previous studies, we deleted the gene encoding CRMP3 in mice and identified the protein as a new endogenous signaling …

Go to article

Grape Extracts Inhibit Multiple Events In The Cell Biology Of Cholera Intoxication, Srikar Reddy, Michael Taylor, Mojun Zhao, Patrick Cherubin, Sandra Geden, Supriyo Ray, David Francis, Ken Teter Jan 2013

Grape Extracts Inhibit Multiple Events In The Cell Biology Of Cholera Intoxication, Srikar Reddy, Michael Taylor, Mojun Zhao, Patrick Cherubin, Sandra Geden, Supriyo Ray, David Francis, Ken Teter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin (CT), an AB(5) protein toxin that is primarily responsible for the profuse watery diarrhea of cholera. CT is secreted into the extracellular milieu, but the toxin attacks its Gs alpha target within the cytosol of a host cell. Thus, CT must cross a cellular membrane barrier in order to function. This event only occurs after the toxin travels by retrograde vesicular transport from the cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The catalytic A1 polypeptide then dissociates from the rest of the toxin and assumes an unfolded conformation that facilitates its transfer to the cytosol …

Go to article

A Vulnerability Assessment Of 300 Species In Florida: Threats From Sea Level Rise, Land Use, And Climate Change, Joshua Steven Reece, Reed F. Noss, Jon Oetting, Tom Hoctor, Michael Volk Jan 2013

A Vulnerability Assessment Of 300 Species In Florida: Threats From Sea Level Rise, Land Use, And Climate Change, Joshua Steven Reece, Reed F. Noss, Jon Oetting, Tom Hoctor, Michael Volk

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Species face many threats, including accelerated climate change, sea level rise, and conversion and degradation of habitat from human land uses. Vulnerability assessments and prioritization protocols have been proposed to assess these threats, often in combination with information such as species rarity; ecological, evolutionary or economic value; and likelihood of success. Nevertheless, few vulnerability assessments or prioritization protocols simultaneously account for multiple threats or conservation values. We applied a novel vulnerability assessment tool, the Standardized Index of Vulnerability and Value, to assess the conservation priority of 300 species of plants and animals in Florida given projections of climate change, human …

Go to article

Electric Organ Discharge Diversity In The Genus Gymnotus: Anatomo-Functional Groups And Electrogenic Mechanisms, A. Rodríguez-Cattáneo, P. Aguilera, E. Cilleruelo, W. G. R. Crampton, A. A. Caputi Jan 2013

Electric Organ Discharge Diversity In The Genus Gymnotus: Anatomo-Functional Groups And Electrogenic Mechanisms, A. Rodríguez-Cattáneo, P. Aguilera, E. Cilleruelo, W. G. R. Crampton, A. A. Caputi

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Previous studies describe six factors accounting for interspecific diversity of electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms in Gymnotus. At the cellular level, three factors determine the locally generated waveforms: (1) electrocyte geometry and channel repertoire; (2) the localization of synaptic contacts on electrocyte surfaces; and (3) electric activity of electromotor axons preceding the discharge of electrocytes. At the organismic level, three factors determine the integration of the EOD as a behavioral unit: (4) the distribution of different types of electrocytes and specialized passive tissue forming the electric organ (EO); (5) the neural mechanisms of electrocyte discharge coordination; and (6) post-effector mechanisms. …

Go to article

Mycobacterial Trehalose Dimycolate Reprograms Macrophage Global Gene Expression And Activates Matrix Metalloproteinases, Kaori Sakamoto, Mi Jeong Kim, Elizabeth R. Rhoades, Rachel E. Allavena, Sabine Ehrt, Helen C. Wainwright, David G. Russell, Kyle H. Rohde Jan 2013

Mycobacterial Trehalose Dimycolate Reprograms Macrophage Global Gene Expression And Activates Matrix Metalloproteinases, Kaori Sakamoto, Mi Jeong Kim, Elizabeth R. Rhoades, Rachel E. Allavena, Sabine Ehrt, Helen C. Wainwright, David G. Russell, Kyle H. Rohde

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) is a cell wall glycolipid and an important virulence factor of mycobacteria. In order to study the role of TDM in the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, microarray analysis was used to examine gene regulation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages in response to 90-mu m-diameter polystyrene microspheres coated with TDM. A large number of genes, particularly those involved in the immune response and macrophage function, were up-or downregulated in response to these TDM-coated beads compared to control beads. Genes involved in the immune response were specifically upregulated in a myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent …

Go to article

Immunomodulation And T Helper Th1/Th2 Response Polarization By Ceo2 And Tio2 Nanoparticles, Brian C. Schanen, Soumen Das, Christopher M. Reilly, William L. Warren, William T. Self, Sudipta Seal, Donald R. Drake Iii Jan 2013

Immunomodulation And T Helper Th1/Th2 Response Polarization By Ceo2 And Tio2 Nanoparticles, Brian C. Schanen, Soumen Das, Christopher M. Reilly, William L. Warren, William T. Self, Sudipta Seal, Donald R. Drake Iii

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Immunomodulation by nanoparticles, especially as related to the biochemical properties of these unique materials, has scarcely been explored. In an in vitro model of human immunity, we demonstrate two catalytic nanoparticles, TiO2 (oxidant) and CeO2 (antioxidant), have nearly opposite effects on human dendritic cells and T helper (T-H) cells. For example, whereas TiO2 nanoparticles potentiated DC maturation that led towards T(H)1-biased responses, treatment with antioxidant CeO2 nanoparticles induced APCs to secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and induce a T(H)2-dominated T cell profile. In subsequent studies, we demonstrate these results are likely explained by the disparate capacities of the nanoparticles to …

Go to article

Novel Technique For Generating Macrophage Foam Cells For In Vitro Reverse Cholesterol Transport Studies, Bhaswati Sengupta, Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu, Sampath Parthasarathy Jan 2013

Novel Technique For Generating Macrophage Foam Cells For In Vitro Reverse Cholesterol Transport Studies, Bhaswati Sengupta, Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu, Sampath Parthasarathy

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Generation of foam cells, an essential step for reverse cholesterol transport studies, uses the technique of receptor-dependent macrophage loading with radiolabeled acetylated LDL. In this study, we used the ability of a biologically relevant detergent molecule, lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PtdCho), to form mixed micelles with cholesterol or cholesteryl ester (CE) to generate macrophage foam cells. Fluorescent or radiolabeled cholesterol/lyso-PtdCho mixed micelles were prepared and incubated with RAW 264.7 or mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that such micelles were quite stable at 4 degrees C and retained the solubilized cholesterol during one month of storage. Macrophages incubated with cholesterol or CE (unlabeled, fluorescently …

Go to article

Cideb Protein Is Required For The Biogenesis Of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (Vldl) Transport Vesicle, Samata Tiwari, Shaila Siddiqi, Shadab A. Siddiqi Jan 2013

Cideb Protein Is Required For The Biogenesis Of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (Vldl) Transport Vesicle, Samata Tiwari, Shaila Siddiqi, Shadab A. Siddiqi

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Nascent very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) exits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a specialized ER-derived vesicle, the VLDL transport vesicle (VTV). Similar to protein transport vesicles (PTVs), VTVs require coat complex II (COPII) proteins for their biogenesis from the ER membranes. Because the size of the VTV is large, we hypothesized that protein(s) in addition to COPII components might be required for VTV biogenesis. Our proteomic analysis, supported by Western blotting data, shows that a 26-kDa protein, CideB, is present in the VTV but not in other ER-derived vesicles such as PTV and pre-chylomicron transport vesicle. Western blotting and immunoelectron …

Go to article

The Role Of Habitat In The Persistence Of Fire Ant Populations, Walter R. Tschinkel, Joshua R. King Jan 2013

The Role Of Habitat In The Persistence Of Fire Ant Populations, Walter R. Tschinkel, Joshua R. King

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The association of the exotic fire ant, Solenopsis invicta with man-modified habitats has been amply demonstrated, but the fate of such populations if ecological succession proceeds has rarely been investigated. Resurvey of a fire ant population in a longleaf pine plantation after 25 years showed that the recovery of the site from habitat disturbance was associated with a large fire ant population decline. Most of the persisting colonies were associated with the disturbance caused by vehicle tracks. In a second study, mature monogyne fire ant colonies that had been planted in experimental plots in native groundcover of the north Florida …

Go to article

Discovering Transcription And Splicing Networks In Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Hongyan Wang, Jianguo Wen, Chung-Che Chang, Xiaobo Zhou Jan 2013

Discovering Transcription And Splicing Networks In Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Hongyan Wang, Jianguo Wen, Chung-Che Chang, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

More and more transcription factors and their motifs have been reported and linked to specific gene expression levels. However, focusing only on transcription is not sufficient for mechanism research. Most genes, especially in eukaryotes, are alternatively spliced to different isoforms. Some of these isoforms increase the biodiversity of proteins. From this viewpoint, transcription and splicing are two of important mechanisms to modulate expression levels of isoforms. To integrate these two kinds of regulation, we built a linear regression model to select a subset of transcription factors and splicing factors for each co-expressed isoforms using least-angle regression approach. Then, we applied …

Go to article

Kruppel-Like Factor 8 Promotes Tumorigenic Mammary Stem Cell Induction By Targeting Mir-146a, Xianhui Wang, Heng Lu, Tianshu Li, Lin Yu, Gang Liu, Xu Peng, Jihe Zhao Jan 2013

Kruppel-Like Factor 8 Promotes Tumorigenic Mammary Stem Cell Induction By Targeting Mir-146a, Xianhui Wang, Heng Lu, Tianshu Li, Lin Yu, Gang Liu, Xu Peng, Jihe Zhao

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The properties of stem cells can be induced during the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The responsible molecular mechanisms, however, remain largely undefined. Here we report the identification of the microRNA-146a (miR-146a) as a common target of Kruppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) and TGF-beta, both of which are known EMT-inducers. Upon KLF8 overexpression or TGF-beta treatment, a significant portion of the MCF-10A cells gained stem cell traits as demonstrated by an increased expression of CD44(high)/CD24(low), activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), mammosphere formation and chemoresistance. Along with this change, the expression of miR-146a was highly upregulated in the cells. Importantly, we found …

Go to article

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Potential Applications For Cancer And Other Diseases, Melissa S. Wason, Jihe Zhao Jan 2013

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Potential Applications For Cancer And Other Diseases, Melissa S. Wason, Jihe Zhao

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The diverse abilities of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) have encouraged researchers to pursue CONPs as a therapeutic agent to treat a number of diseases, including cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown CONPs to be toxic to cancer cells, inhibit invasion, and sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy. However, CONPs display minimal toxicity to normal tissues and provide protection from various forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The antioxidant capabilities of CONPs, which enable radiation protection, have also resulted in the exploration of these particles as a potential treatment for other disorders characterized by ROS accumulation, such …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last