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2013

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Articles 1321 - 1350 of 19505

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El Murmullo De La Noche: Antologia De Cuentos Extranos, Alberto Alejandro Cabada Dec 2013

El Murmullo De La Noche: Antologia De Cuentos Extranos, Alberto Alejandro Cabada

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

La presente tesis es un trabajo de creación literaria. Esta antología está compuesta de trece cuentos cortos en los que se relatan diversas historias usando una narrativa en primera y tercera persona. Los géneros que se manejan en estos cuentos son el terror, el surrealismo y lo fantástico, desarrollando los temas de la muerte, la locura, la soledad y el horror. Asimismo, es una obra creativa que comparte rasgos con la literatura del período romántico y los movimientos naturalistas y simbolistas de finales del siglo XIX, al igual que la vanguardia latinoamericana de principios del siglo XX.

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Distribution And Abundance Of Anopheles Spp. In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, South Texas, Norma Hermelinda Martinez Dec 2013

Distribution And Abundance Of Anopheles Spp. In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, South Texas, Norma Hermelinda Martinez

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This study investigated the relationship between Anopheles abundance, collection sites and environmental variables in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, South Texas. In addition, species composition in the Lower Rio Grande Valley was determined in 2011. A total of 6772 female mosquitoes were identified to six genera and 27 species. The most prevalent genera collected were Culex (53.9%), Ochlerotatus (25.6%) and Aedes (13.6%). Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using resting boxes during summer 2012 at multiple locations along the Lower Rio Grande Valley. ArcGIS was used to identify land cover characteristics and nearest water sources at mosquito collection sites. Estero Llano Grande …

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Biological Compatibility And Cytotoxicity Studies Of Hepa-1c1c7, Hepg2, And Mcf-7 Cancer Cell Lines Upon Exposure To Silver, Palladium, And Gold Nanoparticles, M. Esther Salinas Dec 2013

Biological Compatibility And Cytotoxicity Studies Of Hepa-1c1c7, Hepg2, And Mcf-7 Cancer Cell Lines Upon Exposure To Silver, Palladium, And Gold Nanoparticles, M. Esther Salinas

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The field of nanomedicine has recently explored potential applications for cancer treatment ranging from drug delivery methods to cancer imaging techniques. Due to potential risks of nanomaterials affecting non-cancerous cells in the body, in vitro toxicity studies are being conducted. The nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from potassium tetrachloroaurate (III) hydrate, potassium tetrabromoaurate (III) dihydrate, potassium tetrachloropalladate (II), and silver nitrate. NPs were synthesized using the Turkevich method or through the sodium borohydride reduction. Particles synthesized using sodium borohydride were stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The NPs under investigation were used to treat three cancer cell lines. The treated cells were …

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Stolen Youth: A Co-Authored Memoir, Jeanilee A. Garza Dec 2013

Stolen Youth: A Co-Authored Memoir, Jeanilee A. Garza

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This literary work of creative nonfiction qualifies under the literary genre of memoir, as a co-authored memoir. While the work incorporates the practices of both memoir and testimonio, the classification as a co-authored memoir recognizes a collaboration between the writer and the individual interviewed for this piece. “Stolen Youth: A Co-Authored Memoir” presents nine chapters and an epilogue, and is part of a larger creative work. The piece narrates the life of, Cirano “Cid” Lagunas, III, a dear friend who offered me the opportunity to convey his personal experiences through memoir. His memoir begins at the age of 12, following …

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Finding No One, Sarah Owen Dec 2013

Finding No One, Sarah Owen

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Finding No one is a Non-Fiction creative writing piece written around one young woman’s desire to overcome obstacles in order to prove she is the complete opposite of her enemies: strong, determined, and brave. The main character shares her story of surviving childhood abuse, how she used Anorexia to cope with the aftermath, and what it took to become someone with a desire to fight for a future. The writer has taken the readers directly into vivid scenes of abuse and the innermost thoughts of self-loathing, refusing to hide any secrets. Finding No One explicitly shares details of therapy and …

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Metodos De Lectura En Espanol [Reading Methods In Spanish], Maria T. Almanza Dec 2013

Metodos De Lectura En Espanol [Reading Methods In Spanish], Maria T. Almanza

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

En la actualidad existe una deficiencia enorme en la educación de un país tan desarrollado como es Los Estados Unidos, y siendo lectura considerada una pieza fundamental en el éxito o fracaso de la educación, este estudio fue enfocado en recabar información acerca de las diferentes metodologías de la lectura en español. Este sirve como tal para que el docente analice los diferentes métodos de lectura. Se han elegido los métodos de lectura en español debido al gran influjo de inmigrantes hispanos a este país y muchos de estos hispanos están siendo educados en su lenguaje vernáculo. A partir del …

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Aerodynamic Performance And Particle Image Velocimetery Of Piezo Actuated Biomimetic Manduca Sexta Engineered Wings Towards The Design And Application Of A Flapping Wing Flight Vehicle, Anthony M. Deluca Dec 2013

Aerodynamic Performance And Particle Image Velocimetery Of Piezo Actuated Biomimetic Manduca Sexta Engineered Wings Towards The Design And Application Of A Flapping Wing Flight Vehicle, Anthony M. Deluca

Theses and Dissertations

Considerable research and investigation has been conducted on the aerodynamic performance, and the predominate flow physics of the Manduca sexta size of biomimetically designed and fabricated wings as part of the AFIT FWMAV design project. Despite a burgeoning interest and research into the diverse field of flapping wing flight and biomimicry, the aerodynamics of flapping wing flight remains a nebulous field of science with considerable variance into the theoretical abstractions surrounding aerodynamic mechanisms responsible for aerial performance. Traditional FWMAV flight models assume a form of a quasi-steady approximation of wing aerodynamics based on an infinite wing element model (BEM). An …

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November 30, 2013 (Pages 7000-7060), Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau Nov 2013

November 30, 2013 (Pages 7000-7060), Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau

Volume 43 (2013)

No abstract provided.

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Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin Dan Kebiasaan Merokok Terhadap Kadar Timbal Darah, Wirsal Hasan, Abdul Rahim Matondang, Alvi Syahrin, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Nov 2013

Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin Dan Kebiasaan Merokok Terhadap Kadar Timbal Darah, Wirsal Hasan, Abdul Rahim Matondang, Alvi Syahrin, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni

Kesmas

Penarik becak dayung dan becak bermesin, pengatur lalu lintas, pedagang asongan, dan pedagang kaki lima banyak terpapar dengan polusi timbal dari udara ambien yang merupakan ancaman terhadap para pekerja pinggir jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristik responden dengan kadar timbal dalam darah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 109 orang terdiri dari 58 orang penarik becak dayung, 30 orang penarik becak bermesin dan 21 orang pedagang kaki lima yang ditarik secara consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara variabel usia, tekanan darah sistolik dan tekanan darah diastolik terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05). Rerata …

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Asian Carp: Toxicology Study, Justice W. Pirkey Nov 2013

Asian Carp: Toxicology Study, Justice W. Pirkey

Collection of Engaged Learning

This toxicology study of Asian Carp, an invasive species of fish prevalent in the Mississippi River, looked at the safety of the fish as a food source in the United States.

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Pentingnya Analisis Cluster Berbasis Spasial Dalam Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Di Indonesia, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis Wardani, Lutfan Lazuardi, Hari Kusnanto Nov 2013

Pentingnya Analisis Cluster Berbasis Spasial Dalam Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Di Indonesia, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis Wardani, Lutfan Lazuardi, Hari Kusnanto

Kesmas

Pengendalian tuberkulosis telah meningkatkan angka kesembuhan dan menyelamatkan banyak jiwa, tetapi kurang berhasil menurunkan insiden tuberkulosis. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian tuberkulosis menekankan pada kebijakan determinan sosial karena determinan sosial secara langsung dan melalui faktor risiko tuberkulosis berpengaruh terhadap tuberkulosis. Hasil telaah literatur menunjukkan bahwa stratifikasi determinan sosial menyebabkan clustering tuberkulosis, berupa pengelompokkan penderita tuberkulosis menurut lokasi geografis yang secara statistik signifikan. Pengetahuan tentang clustering sangat bermanfaat dalam pengendalian tuberkulosis, khususnya untuk menurunkan insiden tuberkulosis karena dapat memberikan informasi tentang lokasi populasi yang berisiko. Selain itu, telaah literatur menunjukkan bahwa implementasi analisis spasial memerlukan dukungan sumber daya yang tidak sedikit. Oleh …

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Konseling Model Transteoritik Dalam Perubahan Perilaku Merokok Pada Remaja, Adhitya Mardhika Saputra, Noni Mardeka Sary Nov 2013

Konseling Model Transteoritik Dalam Perubahan Perilaku Merokok Pada Remaja, Adhitya Mardhika Saputra, Noni Mardeka Sary

Kesmas

Perkembangan perokok di kalangan anak-anak dan remaja semakin meningkat, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Data Global Youth Tobacco Survey terakhir di tahun 2009, menunjukkan 20,3% anak sekolah 13 - 15 tahun merokok. Perokok pemula usia 10 - 14 tahun naik 2 kali lipat dalam 10 tahun terakhir dari 9,5% pada tahun 2001 menjadi 17,5% pada tahun 2010. Angka perokok pada usia remaja yang tinggi meningkatkan risiko penyakit. Berdasarkan penelitian, para perokok yang terus merokok dalam jangka panjang memiliki risiko kematian tiga kali lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang bukan perokok. Individu mulai merokok disebabkan oleh pengaruh lingkungan sosial, seperti teman-teman, orang …

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Praktik Peracikan Puyer Untuk Anak Penderita Tuberkulosis Di Indonesia, Selma Siahaan, Ully Adhie Mulyani Nov 2013

Praktik Peracikan Puyer Untuk Anak Penderita Tuberkulosis Di Indonesia, Selma Siahaan, Ully Adhie Mulyani

Kesmas

Masih banyak ditemukan resep obat antituberkulosis anak dengan kombinasi beberapa obat dalam racikan puyer yang tidak sesuai standar program pemberantasan tuberkulosis (TB) paru Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui situasi dan permasalahan berhubungan praktik peresepan puyer sebagai obat anti tuberkulosis (OAT). Pada periode Mei hingga Desember tahun 2009, penelitian diawali dengan pengukuran persentase peracikan OAT dalam bentuk puyer, dilanjutkan dengan penelitian kualitatif eksploratif. Data dikumpulkan dari rumah sakit, puskesmas, apotek dan dinas kesehatan di Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, dan Makassar. Pada tiap fasilitas kesehatan, 30 sampel resep pengobatan diambil untuk pasien tuberkulosis anak usia 1 - 12 tahun. …

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Mikroorganisme Patogen Pada Feses Tikus, Dyah Widiastuti, Nova Pramestuti, Endang Setiyani, Harjianti Fajar Rahayu Nov 2013

Mikroorganisme Patogen Pada Feses Tikus, Dyah Widiastuti, Nova Pramestuti, Endang Setiyani, Harjianti Fajar Rahayu

Kesmas

Tikus liar dan domestikasi mempunyai potensi faktor risiko bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Mereka dapat membawa mikroorganisme yang dapat ditransmisi melalui kontak dengan urine maupun feses atau melalui ektoparasit yang ada di tubuh mereka. Pada penelitian ini, diamati prevalensi mikroorganisme zoonotik pada tikus yang tertangkap di Pasar Kota Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Bakteri Salmonella paratyphi B dan Salmonella paratyphi C menunjukkan prevalensi yang paling tinggi (masing-masing 20%). Spesies bakteri lain yang ditemukan antara lain Salmonella typhimurium, Citrotobacter, Citrotobacter frendii, Enterotobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli (E. coli) dan Proteus miriabilis. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa tikus yang berada di pasar dapat berperan sebagai reservoir untuk berbagai …

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Pemetaan Dan Analisis Faktor Risiko Leptospirosis, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki, Sri Nurlaela, Devi Octaviana Nov 2013

Pemetaan Dan Analisis Faktor Risiko Leptospirosis, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki, Sri Nurlaela, Devi Octaviana

Kesmas

Sampai dengan tahun 2013 dilaporkan ada 13 kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas.Terjadinya peningkatan kasus selama dua tahun terakhir perlu mendapat perhatian dari berbagai pihak agar kasus leptospirosis bisa segera ditangani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memetakan kasus leptospirosis dan menganalisis faktor risiko lingkungan dan perilaku yang memengaruhi leptospirosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi observasional kasus kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran. Analisis data menggunakan analisis spasial, analisis univariat, dan bivariat. Kasus adalah penderita leptospirosis berjumlah 13 orang dan kontrol adalah tetangga kasus yang tidak menderita leptospirosis berjumlah 52 orang. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Banyumas termasuk …

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Hubungan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Pil Dengan Usia Menopause, Fitriyani Fitriyani, Ratna Djuwita Nov 2013

Hubungan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Pil Dengan Usia Menopause, Fitriyani Fitriyani, Ratna Djuwita

Kesmas

Menopause merupakan menstruasi yang berhenti secara permanen yang disebabkan kehilangan fungsi folikel sel-sel telur. Wanita yang memasuki menopause mengalami penurunan hormon estrogen yang mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, bahkan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Penggunaan kontrasepsi pil berhubungan dengan penundaan usia dan keluhan menopause. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan kontrasepsi pil terhadap usia menopause. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Populasi adalah wanita menopause di Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (Posbindu) Kota Depok. Sampel pada penelitian adalah wanita menopause yang berusia 45 - 60 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling subjek dengan besar sampel 407 orang. Analisis multivariat pada penelitian ini menggunakan cox …

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How The Internet Has Revolutionized Video Marketing, Dylan D. Sheldon Nov 2013

How The Internet Has Revolutionized Video Marketing, Dylan D. Sheldon

Senior Honors Theses

From the creation of film to the streaming of digital media, moving pictures have always been a premier medium of marketing. Today, the use of video in marketing offers an experience unlike any other for consumers by engaging them in an entertaining, yet informative, format. In the past few decades, the surge of the Internet has chan From the creation of film to the streaming of digital media, moving pictures have always been a premier medium of marketing. Today, the use of video in marketing offers an experience unlike any other for consumers by engaging them in an entertaining, yet …

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Pendidikan Ibu Dan Durasi Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Dalam Peningkatan Kecerdasan Siswa Usia Sekolah Dasar, Maryam Said, Hadi Pratomo Nov 2013

Pendidikan Ibu Dan Durasi Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Dalam Peningkatan Kecerdasan Siswa Usia Sekolah Dasar, Maryam Said, Hadi Pratomo

Kesmas

Riwayat pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI), karakteristik ibu dan anak serta pola asuh berpengaruh terhadap kecerdasan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi tingkat kecerdasan anak, riwayat pemberian ASI, karakteristik ibu dan anak, serta faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kecerdasan anak pada siswa SDSN Pekayon Jaya VI Kota Bekasi. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang dengan metode systematic random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 166 responden (siswa/i yang berumur 7 - 9 tahun) beserta ibunya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2013. Pada siswa dilakukan tes kecerdasan menggunakan tes Raven sedangkan ibunya mengisi kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kecerdasan …

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The Cell And Molecular Biology Of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview, Heather L. Montie, Thomas M. Durcan Nov 2013

The Cell And Molecular Biology Of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview, Heather L. Montie, Thomas M. Durcan

PCOM Scholarly Works

There is no abstract for this article.

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Acid Activation Of Bleaching Earth For Crude Palm Oil Treatment / Farihahusnah Hussin, Hussin Farihahusnah Nov 2013

Acid Activation Of Bleaching Earth For Crude Palm Oil Treatment / Farihahusnah Hussin, Hussin Farihahusnah

Student Works (2010-2019)

The unique properties of clay and clay minerals caused them to be valuable in a wide range of industrial applications. Low cost, availability and effectiveness are the prevailing factors that promoted clay and clay minerals to be used extensively as adsorbents in the purification of vegetable oils. The main objective of this study is to produce new types of activated clay by hydrofluoric acid activation and modify the surface physical of hydrofluoric acid activated clays in order to enhance their bleaching performance. Experiments were divided into two parts. In part 1, montmorillonite clay was activated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and …

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Crystallization Of The Chap Domain Of The Endolysin From Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteriophage K, Marta Sanz-Gaitero, Ruth Keary, Carmela Garcia-Doval, Aidan Coffey, Mark J. Van Raaij Nov 2013

Crystallization Of The Chap Domain Of The Endolysin From Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteriophage K, Marta Sanz-Gaitero, Ruth Keary, Carmela Garcia-Doval, Aidan Coffey, Mark J. Van Raaij

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

CHAPK is the N-terminal cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase domain (CHAP domain) of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage K endolysin LysK. It is formed from the first 165 residues of LysK and functions by cleaving specific peptidoglycan peptide bonds, causing bacterial lysis. CHAPK can lyse S. aureus when applied exogenously, making it a good candidate for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Here, the crystallization of CHAPK and the collection of native and derivative data to high resolution, which allowed structure solution, are reported. The structure may help to elucidate the mechanism of action and in the design of chimeric proteins or …

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Tracking The Cellulolytic Activity Of Clostridium Thermocellum Biofilms, Alexandru Dumitrache, Gideon M. Wolfaardt, David Allen, Steven N. Liss, Lee R. Lynd Nov 2013

Tracking The Cellulolytic Activity Of Clostridium Thermocellum Biofilms, Alexandru Dumitrache, Gideon M. Wolfaardt, David Allen, Steven N. Liss, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

Microbial cellulose conversion by Clostridium thermocellum 27405 occurs predominantly through the activity of substrate-adherent bacteria organized in thin, primarily single cell-layered biofilms. The importance of cellulosic surface exposure to microbial hydrolysis has received little attention despite its implied impact on conversion kinetics.

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Occupational Injuries On Thoroughbred Horse Farms: A Description Of Latino And Non-Latino Workers' Experiences, Jennifer E. Swanberg, Jessica M. Clouser, Susan C. Westneat, Mary W. Marsh, Deborah B. Reed Nov 2013

Occupational Injuries On Thoroughbred Horse Farms: A Description Of Latino And Non-Latino Workers' Experiences, Jennifer E. Swanberg, Jessica M. Clouser, Susan C. Westneat, Mary W. Marsh, Deborah B. Reed

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

Animal production is a dangerous industry and increasingly reliant on a Latino workforce. Within animal production, little is known about the risks or the occupational hazards of working on farms involved in various aspects of thoroughbred horse breeding. Extant research suggests that horse workers are at risk of musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms, kicks, and other injuries. However, limited known research has examined the experiences of the industry's workers, including immigrant workers, despite their prominence and increased vulnerability. Using data collected from thoroughbred farm representatives via a phone-administered survey, a 2-hour face-to-face semi-structured interview, and farm injury logs, this article identifies …

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Targeting Cell Cycle And Hormone Receptor Pathways In Cancer., C E S Comstock, M A Augello, J F Goodwin, R De Leeuw, M J Schiewer, W F Ostrander, R A Burkhart, A K Mcclendon, Peter Mccue, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, Leonard G Gomella, Md, M M Centenera, Jonathan Brody, Md, L M Butler, W D Tilley, K E Knudsen, Phd Nov 2013

Targeting Cell Cycle And Hormone Receptor Pathways In Cancer., C E S Comstock, M A Augello, J F Goodwin, R De Leeuw, M J Schiewer, W F Ostrander, R A Burkhart, A K Mcclendon, Peter Mccue, Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, Leonard G Gomella, Md, M M Centenera, Jonathan Brody, Md, L M Butler, W D Tilley, K E Knudsen, Phd

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

The cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/retinoblastoma (RB)-axis is a critical modulator of cell cycle entry and is aberrant in many human cancers. New nodes of therapeutic intervention are needed that can delay or combat the onset of malignancies. The antitumor properties and mechanistic functions of PD-0332991 (PD; a potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitor) were investigated using human prostate cancer (PCa) models and primary tumors. PD significantly impaired the capacity of PCa cells to proliferate by promoting a robust G1-arrest. Accordingly, key regulators of the G1-S cell cycle transition were modulated including G1 cyclins D, E and A. Subsequent investigation demonstrated the ability …

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Making Friends In The Rainforest: "Negrito" Adaptation To Risk And Uncertainty, Lye Tuck-Po Nov 2013

Making Friends In The Rainforest: "Negrito" Adaptation To Risk And Uncertainty, Lye Tuck-Po

Human Biology

The so-called negritos adapt not just to a tropical forest environment but also to an environment characterized by perturbations and fluctuations. As with other hunter-gatherers in the region and, indeed, throughout the world, they use both social and ecological methods to enhance their chances of survival in this changing environment: socially, they have developed networks of trading and marriage partners; ecologically, they maintain patches of key resources that are available for future harvesting. As evidenced in the case of the Batek (Orang Asli), patterns of forest structure and composition are sometimes direct outcomes of intentional resource concentration and enrichment strategies. …

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Why Have The Peninsular "Negritos" Remained Distinct?, Geoffrey Benjamin Nov 2013

Why Have The Peninsular "Negritos" Remained Distinct?, Geoffrey Benjamin

Human Biology

The primary focus of this article is on the so-called negritos of Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand, but attention is also paid to other parts of Southeast Asia. I present a survey of current views on the "negrito" phenotype—is it single or many? If the phenotype is many (as now seems likely), it must have resulted from parallel evolution in the several different regions where it has been claimed to exist. This would suggest (contrary to certain views that have been expressed on the basis of very partial genetic data) that the phenotype originated recently and by biologically well-authenticated processes …

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Terror From The Sky: Unconventional Linguistic Clues To The Negrito Past, Robert Blust Nov 2013

Terror From The Sky: Unconventional Linguistic Clues To The Negrito Past, Robert Blust

Human Biology

Within recorded history. most Southeast Asian peoples have been of "southern Mongoloid" physical type, whether they speak Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman, Austronesian, Tai-Kadai, or Hmong-Mien languages. However, population distributions suggest that this is a post-Pleistocene phenomenon and that for tens of millennia before the last glaciation ended Greater Mainland Southeast Asia, which included the currently insular world that rests on the Sunda Shelf, was peopled by short, dark-skinned, frizzy-haired foragers whose descendants in the Philippines came to be labeled by the sixteenth-century Spanish colonizers as "negritos," a term that has since been extended to similar groups throughout the region. There are three …

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Phenotypic Plasticity Of Climbing-Related Traits In The Ankle Joint Of Great Apes And Rainforest Hunter-Gatherers, Vivek V. Venkataraman, Thomas S. Kraft, Jeremy M. Desilva, Nathaniel J. Dominy Nov 2013

Phenotypic Plasticity Of Climbing-Related Traits In The Ankle Joint Of Great Apes And Rainforest Hunter-Gatherers, Vivek V. Venkataraman, Thomas S. Kraft, Jeremy M. Desilva, Nathaniel J. Dominy

Human Biology

The "negrito" and African "pygmy" phenotypes are predominately exhibited by hunter-gatherers living in rainforest habitats. Foraging within such habitats is associated with a unique set of locomotor behaviors, most notably habitual vertical climbing during the pursuit of honey, fruit, and game. When performed frequently, this behavior is expected to correlate with developmentally plastic skeletal morphologies that respond to mechanical loading. Using six measurements in the distal tibia and talus that discriminate nonhuman primates by vertical climbing frequency, we tested the prediction that intraspecific variation in this behavior is reflected in the morphology of the ankle joint of habitually climbing human …

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Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, And The Immunological Ecology Of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers, Robin M. Bernstein, Nathaniel J. Dominy Nov 2013

Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, And The Immunological Ecology Of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers, Robin M. Bernstein, Nathaniel J. Dominy

Human Biology

Early growth cessation and reproduction are predicted to maximize fitness under conditions of high adult mortality, factors that could explain the pygmy phenotype of many rainforest hunter-gatherers. This life-history hypothesis is elegant but contentious in part because it lacks a clear biological mechanism. One mechanism stems from the field of human immunological ecology and the concept of inflammation "memory" across the life cycle and into subsequent generations. Maternal exposures to disease can infl uence immunological cues present in breast milk; because maternal provisioning via lactation occurs during critical periods of development, it is plausible that these cues can also mediate …

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"Small Size" In The Philippine Human Fossil Record: Is It Meaningful For A Better Understanding Of The Evolutionary History Of The Negritos?, Florent Détroit, Julien Corny, Eusebio Z. Dizon, Armand S. Mijares Nov 2013

"Small Size" In The Philippine Human Fossil Record: Is It Meaningful For A Better Understanding Of The Evolutionary History Of The Negritos?, Florent Détroit, Julien Corny, Eusebio Z. Dizon, Armand S. Mijares

Human Biology

"Pygmy populations" are recognized in several places over the world, especially in Western Africa and in Southeast Asia (Philippine "negritos," for instance). Broadly defined as "small-bodied Homo sapiens" (compared with neighboring populations), their origins and the nature of the processes involved in the maintenance of their phenotype over time are highly debated. Major results have been recently obtained from population genetics on present-day negrito populations, but their evolutionary history remains largely unresolved. We present and discuss the Upper Pleistocene human remains recovered from Tabon Cave and Callao Cave in the Philippines, which are potentially highly relevant to these research …

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