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2012

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Differences In Risk Factors Between Early And Late Trauma Death After Road Traffic Accidents, Hideo Tohira, Ian Jacobs, David Mountain, Nicholas Gibson, Allen Yeo Jan 2012

Differences In Risk Factors Between Early And Late Trauma Death After Road Traffic Accidents, Hideo Tohira, Ian Jacobs, David Mountain, Nicholas Gibson, Allen Yeo

Research outputs 2012

We aimed to determine the differences in risk factors between early and late trauma death after road traffic accidents. We identified road traffic accident victims from our trauma registry. We defined death that occurred within five days after an accident and death that occurred between 6 and 30 days as early and late trauma death, respectively. We derived two logistic regression models by using early or late trauma death as an outcome measure. We considered a variable significant at the 5% level; significant variables were considered risk factors for early and/or late trauma death. Overall, there were 1,201 victims; 134 …

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Harmonised Health And Safety Legislation In Australia: Confusion And Complexity For Training Remains, Susanne Bahn, Llandis Barratt-Pugh Jan 2012

Harmonised Health And Safety Legislation In Australia: Confusion And Complexity For Training Remains, Susanne Bahn, Llandis Barratt-Pugh

Research outputs 2012

This paper presents findings from a study that examined the impact of the national Work Health and Safety Act 2011 on training delivery for safety professionals and their perceptions of what assisted in reducing industrial accidents. The study identified an increased uptake of safety training including high risk licensing and post-graduate degrees and the inclusion of safety elements across many courses in TAFE and universities. In addition industry is calling for safety professionals with a formal tertiary qualification in the discipline. However, national and state regulators are limited in their understanding of the complex training framework. The paper concludes by …

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Swing And Launch Parameters In Approach-Iron Shots Hit With Varying Height And Trajectory In Golf, Samuel J. Robertson, Angus Burnett Jan 2012

Swing And Launch Parameters In Approach-Iron Shots Hit With Varying Height And Trajectory In Golf, Samuel J. Robertson, Angus Burnett

Research outputs 2012

The first aim of this study was to determine whether relationships existed between variability of swing and launch parameters and variability in shot outcome for straight golf shots. The second aim was to determine whether differences existed for swing and launch parameters in shots intentionally played with varying height and trajectory. Elite (n=20) and high-level amateur (n=22) golfers hit; 1) five straight shots of normal height and 2) nine shots of differing height (low, normal, high) and trajectory (straight, draw, fade). Variability of club attack angle, face angle and ball spin axis was significantly associated (p

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Where Has The Strategic Thinking Gone In The Non-Profit Board Room? A Study Of Board Member Perception And Reality, Matthew Bambach Jan 2012

Where Has The Strategic Thinking Gone In The Non-Profit Board Room? A Study Of Board Member Perception And Reality, Matthew Bambach

Research outputs 2012

As a practitioner working closely with independent school boards the researcher observed that many boards of small to medium sized independent schools were operationally focussed to the detriment of strategic thinking. Much of the literature on board governance effectiveness stresses the importance of strategic thinking, yet some empirical studies suggest not all non-profit boards are strong in this area. Research however is limited, especially in the independent school sector. This paper therefore presents an empirical study of the extent of strategic thinking in seven independent school boards. The study reveals an alarming picture as to the extent their strategic thinking. …

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Skilled Labour Supply And Demand In Resource Rich Regions In Australia, Susanne Bahn, Rosalyn Cameron Jan 2012

Skilled Labour Supply And Demand In Resource Rich Regions In Australia, Susanne Bahn, Rosalyn Cameron

Research outputs 2012

The demand for specific skills for the current resources boom in Australia is placing extreme pressure upon the Australian workforce and economy to supply this labour for billion dollar resource sector projects primarily in Western Australia and Central Queensland. This paper is a conceptual think piece which overviews the current demand and supply of specialised labour for the Australian resources sector before presenting two resource rich region case studies. The first is the mining sector in Western Australia and the second is the coal seam gas/liquefied natural gas (CSG/LNG) industry in Central Queensland. This is followed by a mapping of …

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The Impact Of The Interaction Between Economic Growth And Democracy On Human Development: Cross-National Analysis, Shrabani Saha, Zhaoyong Zhang Jan 2012

The Impact Of The Interaction Between Economic Growth And Democracy On Human Development: Cross-National Analysis, Shrabani Saha, Zhaoyong Zhang

Research outputs 2012

This paper evaluates the effects of economic growth and democracy on human development using panel data over 170 countries for the period 1980-2010. Our results show that democracy enhances human development in any level of economic development. However, economic growth increases human development only in developing countries. The interaction effect between economic growth and democracy shows that democracy increase human development in developing countries where growth level is low.

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What Knowledge, Skills And Attitudes Should Strategic Hrm Students Acquire? A Delphi Study, Alan Coetzer, Helen Sitlington Jan 2012

What Knowledge, Skills And Attitudes Should Strategic Hrm Students Acquire? A Delphi Study, Alan Coetzer, Helen Sitlington

Research outputs 2012

Much work has been done to identify competencies that HR practitioners need for a strategic HR role. However, little, if any, attention has been paid to the knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSAs) required of graduates entering the strategic HRM (SHRM) field. This study focuses on this area of neglect by employing the Delphi method to address the question: What core KSAs should SHRM students acquire? Three sequential questionnaires were administered to elicit opinions of leading academics and senior HR practitioners on KSAs that are important and to build consensus on the core KSAs. These processes generated ranked lists of 10 …

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Assessing The Accessibility Of E-Learning, Morten Goodwin, Iain Sutherland, Frode Roarson, Tom Drange Jan 2012

Assessing The Accessibility Of E-Learning, Morten Goodwin, Iain Sutherland, Frode Roarson, Tom Drange

Research outputs 2012

Equal participation for people with special needs is an important objective in education politics. Governments have a strong emphasis on enabling education for all citizens. The trend of using e-learning both for on campus and remote delivery of students has the potential of enabling new opportunities for people who previously faced challenges following education. On the other hand, providing online education bears the risk of creating new barriers. This paper examines different stages of providing educational content and delivering teaching material online. This is based on practical experiences from Noroff University College providing a bachelor degree in a security related …

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The 2011 Idn Homograph Attack Mitigation Survey, Peter Hannay, Gregory Baatard Jan 2012

The 2011 Idn Homograph Attack Mitigation Survey, Peter Hannay, Gregory Baatard

Research outputs 2012

The advent of internationalized domain names (IDNs) has introduced a new threat, with the non-English character sets allowing for visual mimicry of domain names. Whilst this potential for this form of attack has been well recognized, many applications such as Internet browsers and e-mail clients have been slow to adopt successful mitigation strategies and countermeasures. This research examines those strategies and countermeasures, identifying areas of weakness that allow for homograph attacks. As well as examining the presentation of IDNs in e-mail clients and Internet browser URL bars, this year’s study examines the presentation of IDNs in browser-based security certificates and …

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A Quantile Analysis Of Default Risk For Speculative And Emerging Companies, David Allen, Akhmad Kramadibrata, Robert Powell, Abhay Singh Jan 2012

A Quantile Analysis Of Default Risk For Speculative And Emerging Companies, David Allen, Akhmad Kramadibrata, Robert Powell, Abhay Singh

Research outputs 2012

Using quantile regression, this article examines default risk of emerging and speculative companies in Australia and the United States as compared to established and investment entities. We use two datasets for each of the two countries, one speculative and one established. In the US we compare companies from the S&P 500 to those on the Speculative Grade Liquidity Ratings list (Moody's Investor Services, 2010). For Australia, we compare entities from the S&P/ASX 200 to those on the S&P/ASX Emerging Companies Index (EMCOX). We also divide the datasets into GFC and Pre-GFC periods to examine default risk over different economic circumstances. …

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Self-Revelation In An Online Health Community: Exploring Issues Around Co-Presence For Vulnerable Members, Leesa Costello, Cynthia Witney, Lelia Green, Vanessa Bradshaw Jan 2012

Self-Revelation In An Online Health Community: Exploring Issues Around Co-Presence For Vulnerable Members, Leesa Costello, Cynthia Witney, Lelia Green, Vanessa Bradshaw

Research outputs 2012

Problem: This paper addresses the implications of working with vulnerable groups in the context of an online health community when members move from co-presence online to co-presence offline. Theoretical Approach: The case study presented in this paper challenges the expectation that self-revelations are usually more common in online environments because of the anonymity and comfort experienced there. Methodology: Taking as its example the events in a research project designed to investigate the relative features of online communities and social network sites by using a ‘netnographic’ approach, this paper examines the introduction of live chat sessions with a view to building …

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The Relevance Of Attribution Theory To It Project Management, Craig Standing, Eric Kordt, Oliver Standing Jan 2012

The Relevance Of Attribution Theory To It Project Management, Craig Standing, Eric Kordt, Oliver Standing

Research outputs 2012

Internet related projects are often complex because of the need to work with a range of stakeholders and satisfy a range of expectations. These projects are consequently difficult to manage as projects. Attribution theory enables us to examine how individuals and groups attribute success and failure in relation to projects so that we can better prepare workers for their roles in teams. This paper explores how attribution theory impacts on projects management and makes recommendations on how to develop effective project teams and team members.

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Education Evolution: A Qualitative Study Of Student Perception, Dylan Hart, Tingyue Fu, Gary Marchioro, Maria Ryan Jan 2012

Education Evolution: A Qualitative Study Of Student Perception, Dylan Hart, Tingyue Fu, Gary Marchioro, Maria Ryan

Research outputs 2012

The educational imperative of textbooks was examined for university business students. 82 students were interviewed to determine their perceptions of textbooks and the factors that affect their willingness to purchase. Student preferences on delivery format, content style and price were examined using choice activities. Issues raised related to the practical nature of print, price sensitivity, student collaboration and the tradeoffs of current and future learning materials for students. Print textbooks were more popular than e-Books and summary chapters are favoured for ease of information consumption. Pacific Rim editions are favoured over International editions and currency and local relevance are key …

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Exploration Games Played On A Ddr Pad Can Constitute Beneficial Physical Exercise, Kimthy Nguyen, Bohan Li, Martin Masek, Yuwanuch Gulatee Jan 2012

Exploration Games Played On A Ddr Pad Can Constitute Beneficial Physical Exercise, Kimthy Nguyen, Bohan Li, Martin Masek, Yuwanuch Gulatee

Research outputs 2012

The addition of an exercise component to computer games is a method that attempts to increase exercise compliance among the population. Various attempts at such games have been made, both commercially and as research projects, but the set of studied game mechanics that are both entertaining and provide beneficial exercise are relatively small. In our work, a game mechanic was designed for a floor-based input controller (DDR Pad). Rather than the standard mechanic usually employed for this device, our approach allows the player to explore a virtual world, requiring exertive movements on the input device in order to progress. The …

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School Administrators' Beliefs That School Improvements Were Due To Formal School Registration: A Rasch Measurement, Harm (Pete) Witten, Russell Waugh, Jan Gray Jan 2012

School Administrators' Beliefs That School Improvements Were Due To Formal School Registration: A Rasch Measurement, Harm (Pete) Witten, Russell Waugh, Jan Gray

Research outputs 2012

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the attitudes of School Administrators to the relationship between formal school registration and school improvement. It concerns a mandatory inspection-type registration process for all Non-Government Schools in Western Australia. Part of the aim of this registration process was to help schools improve twelve educational and administrative aspects. These were: (1) School Governance, (2) School Financial Viability, (3) Enrolments & Attendance, (4) Number of Students, (5) Instructional Time, (6) School Staff, (7) School Infrastructure, (8) School Curriculum, (9) Student Learning Outcomes, (10) Care for Students, (11) Disputes and Complaints, (12) Legal Compliance. …

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Improving Mobile Color 2d-Barcode Jpeg Image Readability Using Dct Coefficient Distributions, Keng Tiong (Alf) Tan, Douglas Chai Jan 2012

Improving Mobile Color 2d-Barcode Jpeg Image Readability Using Dct Coefficient Distributions, Keng Tiong (Alf) Tan, Douglas Chai

Research outputs 2012

Two dimensional (2D) barcodes are becoming a pervasive interface for mobile devices, such as camera smartphones. Often, only monochrome 2D-barcodes are used due to their robustness in an uncontrolled operating environment of smartphones. Nonetheless, we are seeing an emerging use of color 2D-barcodes for camera smartphones. Most smartphones capture and store such 2D-barcode images in the baseline JPEG format. As a lossy compression technique, JPEG does introduce a fair amount of error in the captured 2D-barcode images. In this paper, we analyzed the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficient distributions of generalized 2D-barcodes using colored data cells, each comprising of 4, …

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Performance Of Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-To-Card Optical Interconnects Under Atmospheric Turbulence, Ke Wang, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina Lim, Efstratios Skafidas, Kamal Alameh Jan 2012

Performance Of Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-To-Card Optical Interconnects Under Atmospheric Turbulence, Ke Wang, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina Lim, Efstratios Skafidas, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs 2012

Free-space based card-to-card optical interconnects are promising candidates for the provision of parallel high-speed and reconfigurable interconnectivity in data-centers and high-performance computing clusters. However, the atmospheric turbulence may degrade the interconnect performance due to the beam wander, signal scintillation, and beam broadening effects. In this paper, the experimental investigation of the impact of both moderate and comparatively strong atmospheric turbulence on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of our proposed reconfigurable free-space card-to-card optical interconnects is presented. Experimental results show that the BER performance does suffer power penalties of ∼0.5 dB and ∼1.6 dB at BER of 10 -9 under moderate and …

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Identifying Smart Conducting Materials For Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Wham Al-Shabib, Daryoush Habibi, Zonghan Xie, Xiaoli Zhao Jan 2012

Identifying Smart Conducting Materials For Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Wham Al-Shabib, Daryoush Habibi, Zonghan Xie, Xiaoli Zhao

Research outputs 2012

The objective of this paper is to identify a suitable coating material in order to tune the microwave radiation and produce absorption losses for Wi-Fi devices. It is also desirable to obtain high absorption losses outside the Wi-Fi microwave frequency range of 2.4 GHz. Literature reviews of several types of material are described and compared for the use of the selected material in order to coat a Wi-Fi device for the desired absorption losses for that device. The selected material for the Wi-Fi device is usually a metal material or a combination of metals like Aluminium in polymer matrix with …

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Enhanced Uv-Blue Response Of Back Illuminated Deep Double Junction Cmos Compatible Photodiode Pixels; A Simulation Study Of High Resolution Pixel Arrays, Paul Jansz, Steven Hinckley Jan 2012

Enhanced Uv-Blue Response Of Back Illuminated Deep Double Junction Cmos Compatible Photodiode Pixels; A Simulation Study Of High Resolution Pixel Arrays, Paul Jansz, Steven Hinckley

Research outputs 2012

Simulated backwall U/V blue illuminated double junction photodiode (DJPD) pixels demonstrate excellent crosstalk and sensitivity when substrate, guard and image wells were doped more highly and biased minimally. This configuration minimized each guard and image well depletion region (SCR) width, so that the image SCR could be presented as close as possible to the back wall without the guard and image SCRs overlapping between and within pixels.

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Tunable Polarization-Maintaining Single-Mode Fiber Laser Based On A Mems Processor, Xiao Chen, Kui-Zhi Huang, Yi-Quan Wang, Fei-Jun Song, Gen-Xiang Chen, Xin-Zhu Sang, Bin-Bin Yan, Feng Xiao, Kamal Alameh Jan 2012

Tunable Polarization-Maintaining Single-Mode Fiber Laser Based On A Mems Processor, Xiao Chen, Kui-Zhi Huang, Yi-Quan Wang, Fei-Jun Song, Gen-Xiang Chen, Xin-Zhu Sang, Bin-Bin Yan, Feng Xiao, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs 2012

A tunable from the C-band polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber laser is proposed based on a MEMS processor. The MEMS processor can select any part of the gain spectrum from the EDFA into a fiber ring, leading to a high-quality laser output.

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Experimental Demonstration Of High-Speed Full-Duplex Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-To-Card Optical Interconnects, Ke Wang, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina Lim, Efstratios Skafidas, Kamal Alameh Jan 2012

Experimental Demonstration Of High-Speed Full-Duplex Reconfigurable Free-Space Card-To-Card Optical Interconnects, Ke Wang, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Christina Lim, Efstratios Skafidas, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs 2012

A high-speed full-duplex free space based card-to-card optical interconnect architecture with flexibility and reconfigurablity is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. 3×3 10Gb/s data transmission for up to 30cm is achieved with receiver sensitivity better than -11.5dBm.

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Low Coherence Interferometry Modelling Using Combined Broadband Gaussian Light Sources, Paul Jansz, Graham Wild, Steven Richardson, Steven Hinckley Jan 2012

Low Coherence Interferometry Modelling Using Combined Broadband Gaussian Light Sources, Paul Jansz, Graham Wild, Steven Richardson, Steven Hinckley

Research outputs 2012

Using a Low Coherence Interferometry (LCI) model, a comparison of broadband single-Gaussian and multi-Gaussian light sources has been undertaken. For single-Gaussian sources, the axial resolution improved with source bandwidth, confirming the coherence length relation that resolution for single Gaussian sources improves with increasing spectral bandwidth. However, narrow bandwidth light sources resulted in interferograms with overlapping strata peaks and the loss of individual strata information. For multiple-Gaussian sources with the same bandwidth, spectral side lobes increased, reducing A-scan reliability to show accurate layer information without eliminating the side lobes. The simulations show the conditions needed for resolution of strata information for …

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New Class Of Garnet Nanocomposites For Use In Magnetic Photonic Crystals Prepared By Rf Magnetron Co-Sputtering, Mohammad Nur E Alam, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh Jan 2012

New Class Of Garnet Nanocomposites For Use In Magnetic Photonic Crystals Prepared By Rf Magnetron Co-Sputtering, Mohammad Nur E Alam, Mikhail Vasiliev, Kamal Alameh

Research outputs 2012

A new class of magneto-optic garnet nanocomposite materials is prepared using two Bi-substituted iron garnet materials of composition types (Bi,Dy) 3(Fe,Ga)5O12 and Bi3Fe 5O12. A composition adjustment approach is applied by varying the radio frequency (RF) powers driving each sputtering target during the deposition process. This new class of nanocomposite materials exhibits simultaneously high specific Faraday rotation, MO figure of merit, and effective uniaxial magnetic anisotropy after being crystallized through optimized annealing processes. We demonstrate experimentally that the excellent combination of materials' properties obtained in this garnet nanocomposite is particularly advantageous for developing magneto-photonic crystals as well as optical sensors …

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Noise Tolerance For Real-Time Evolutionary Learning Of Cooperative Predator-Prey Strategies, Mark Wittkamp, Luigi Barone, Philip Hingston, Lyndon While Jan 2012

Noise Tolerance For Real-Time Evolutionary Learning Of Cooperative Predator-Prey Strategies, Mark Wittkamp, Luigi Barone, Philip Hingston, Lyndon While

Research outputs 2012

Learning team-based strategies in real-time is a difficult task, much more so in the presence of noise. In our previous work in the Prey and Predators domain we introduced an algorithm capable of evolving cooperative team strategies in real-time using fitness evaluations against a perfect opponent model. This paper continues our work within the same domain, training a team of predators to capture a prey. We investigate the effect of varying degrees of opponent model noise in our learning system. In the presence of and in the effort to mitigate the effects of such noise we present modifications to our …

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Using Monte Carlo Tree Search For Replanning In A Multistage Simultaneous Game, Daniel Beard, Philip Hingston, Martin Masek Jan 2012

Using Monte Carlo Tree Search For Replanning In A Multistage Simultaneous Game, Daniel Beard, Philip Hingston, Martin Masek

Research outputs 2012

In this study, we introduce MC-TSAR, a Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm for strategy selection in simultaneous multistage games. We evaluate the algorithm using a battle planning scenario in which replanning is possible. We show that the algorithm can be used to select a strategy that approximates a Nash equilibrium strategy, taking into account the possibility of switching strategies part way through the execution of the scenario in the light of new information on the progress of the battle.

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Improved Rinsing Procedure For Samples Containing Sulfide And Organic Interferences In Determination Of Arsenic By Voltammetry, Paul Lewtas, Magdalena Wajrak Jan 2012

Improved Rinsing Procedure For Samples Containing Sulfide And Organic Interferences In Determination Of Arsenic By Voltammetry, Paul Lewtas, Magdalena Wajrak

Research outputs 2012

As part of an ongoing investigation into arsenic (As) analysis by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), it was found that strong rinsing regimes in between samples could reduce the cumulative effect of organic and sulfide interferences. Longer term effects of this rinsing procedure on the measurement response have been investigated and the procedure optimized to give more a stable response over multiple sample analyses.

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A Multimodal Problem For Competitive Coevolution, Philip Hingston, Tirtha Ranjeet, Chiou Peng Lam, Martin Masek Jan 2012

A Multimodal Problem For Competitive Coevolution, Philip Hingston, Tirtha Ranjeet, Chiou Peng Lam, Martin Masek

Research outputs 2012

Coevolutionary algorithms are a special kind of evolutionary algorithm with advantages in solving certain specific kinds of problems. In particular, competitive coevolutionary algorithms can be used to study problems in which two sides compete against each other and must choose a suitable strategy. Often these problems are multimodal - there is more than one strong strategy for each side. In this paper, we introduce a scalable multimodal test problem for competitive coevolution, and use it to investigate the effectiveness of some common coevolutionary algorithm enhancement techniques.

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In-Ground Optical Fibre Bragg Grating Pressure Switch For Security Applications, Gary Allwood, Graham Wild, Steven Hinckley Jan 2012

In-Ground Optical Fibre Bragg Grating Pressure Switch For Security Applications, Gary Allwood, Graham Wild, Steven Hinckley

Research outputs 2012

In this study, a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) was embedded beneath three common flooring materials acting as a pressure switch for in-ground intrusion detection. This is achieved using an intensiometric detection system, where a laser diode and FBG were optically mismatched so that there was a static dc offset from the transmitted and reflected optical power signals. As pressure was applied, in the form of a footstep, a strain induced wavelength shift occurred that could then be detected by converting the wavelength shift into an intensity change. The change in intensity caused a significant change in the DC offset which …

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A Surface Based Approach For Cortical Thickness Comparison Between Pib+ And Pib-Healthy Control Subjects, V Dore, P Bourgeat, J Fripp, O Acosta, G Chetelat, C Szoeke, Kathryn Ellis, Ralph Martins, V Villemagne, C L Masters, D Ames, C 0 Rowe, O Salvado Jan 2012

A Surface Based Approach For Cortical Thickness Comparison Between Pib+ And Pib-Healthy Control Subjects, V Dore, P Bourgeat, J Fripp, O Acosta, G Chetelat, C Szoeke, Kathryn Ellis, Ralph Martins, V Villemagne, C L Masters, D Ames, C 0 Rowe, O Salvado

Research outputs 2012

β-amyloid has been shown to play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vivo β-amyloid imaging using [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography has made it possible to analyze the relationship between β-amyloid deposition and different pathological markers involved in AD. PiB allows us to stratify the population between subjects which are likely to have prodromal AD, and those who don't. The comparison of the cortical thickness in these different groups is important to better understanding and detect the first symptoms of the disease which may lead to an earlier therapeutic care to reduce neurone loss. Several …

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Streamlining And Core Genome Conservation Among Highly Divergent Members Of The Sar11 Clade, Jana Grote, Cameron Thrash, Megan Huggett, Zachary Landry, Paul Carini, Stephen Giovannoni, Michael Rappe Jan 2012

Streamlining And Core Genome Conservation Among Highly Divergent Members Of The Sar11 Clade, Jana Grote, Cameron Thrash, Megan Huggett, Zachary Landry, Paul Carini, Stephen Giovannoni, Michael Rappe

Research outputs 2012

SAR11 is an ancient and diverse clade of heterotrophic bacteria that are abundant throughout the world’s oceans, where they play a major role in the ocean carbon cycle. Correlations between the phylogenetic branching order and spatiotemporal patterns in cell distributions from planktonic ocean environments indicate that SAR11 has evolved into perhaps a dozen or more specialized ecotypes that span evolutionary distances equivalent to a bacterial order. We isolated and sequenced genomes from diverse SAR11 cultures that represent three major lineages and encompass the full breadth of the clade. The new data expand observations about genome evolution and gene content that …

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