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2012

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Creation Of An Aconitase Overexpression Strain Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae For Lifespan Analysis, Steve. Nunes Jan 2012

Creation Of An Aconitase Overexpression Strain Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae For Lifespan Analysis, Steve. Nunes

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

In my thesis work, I attempted to construct a plasmid that would allow stable integration of genes into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast genome under the control of the repressible TetO promoter. The yeast ACO1 gene was cloned under the control of the TetO operator and the tTA transactivator. This construct was inserted into yeast cells in order to observe the effects of aconitase overexpression on aging. Unfortunately, the transformed cells appeared incapable of aconitase expression as determined by glutamic acid auxptrophy, a phenotype of aconitase mutants. We have sequenced the pIT1ACO1 plasmid and have found many abnormalities in the promoter …

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Pay-To-Pave", Melinda. Florscher Jan 2012

Pay-To-Pave", Melinda. Florscher

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

This study assesses the philosophical underpinnings of endangered species protections focused on gopher tortoises in Florida. From 1993-2007, gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) were listed in Florida as a species of special concern. Land developers wanting to build on their habitats could apply for an incidental take permit, paying a fee that allowed tortoises to be 'entombed' in their burrows to die a slow death. In 2007, when gopher tortoise status was up-losted to 'threatened', a new policy ended the incidental take permit program. This study compares policy guidelines of the 1991 and 2007 gopher tortoise management plans and explores cases …

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Behavioral Enrichment Of Captive Black Bears (Ursus Americanus), Jasmine Gonzalez Jan 2012

Behavioral Enrichment Of Captive Black Bears (Ursus Americanus), Jasmine Gonzalez

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

A crucial aspect of captive animal care is enrichment, ranging from simple additions of flora to complicated foraging puzzles. Enrichments are vital in creating an environment for animals that is similar to their wild habitat and eliciting natural behaviors. Enrichment is also used to inhibit unnatural or harmful behaviors, like pacing. Commonly, enrichment techniques are not scientifically tested, and the universality of enrichments is rarely scrutinized. This study explores the universality of a "Snak'n'Trim", a hollow ball 10 inches in diameter with a 1 inch opening for food items to be inserted into the ball. Four bears, (two male, two …

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Characterization Of The Motor Protein, Kif9, In Mammalian Cell Mitotic Progression, Jordan Hoke Jan 2012

Characterization Of The Motor Protein, Kif9, In Mammalian Cell Mitotic Progression, Jordan Hoke

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

The kinesin family of microtubule motors is divided into subfamilies based on structure and function. KIF9, founder of the Kinesin-9 family, has been found to interact with the GTPase Gem. Subsequent studies have shown that KIF9 is vital for flagellar movement and podosome regulation. Previous work has proposed KIF9 is required for microtubule organization as well as proper mitotic entry, progression and completion. In this study, I examined the function of KIF0 in mitotic progression using shRNA-mediated knockdown, and overexpression. In knockdown cells, I saw a significant delay in mitotic progression as well as an increase in multipolarity and multinuclearity, …

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Adopting The Orphan: Determining The Role Of The Motor Protein Kif9 During The Cell Cycle, Miguel E. Rivera Rios Jan 2012

Adopting The Orphan: Determining The Role Of The Motor Protein Kif9 During The Cell Cycle, Miguel E. Rivera Rios

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

The kinesin superfamily of microtubule motor proteins is subdivided into families based upon structure and function. KIF9 is the founding member of the Kinesin-9 family, which is a largely uncharacterized group of kinesins. It was originally identified by sequence homology to other kinesins. Subsequent studies have shown that KIF9 interacts with proteins involved in cell shape remodeling, cell migration and proper centrosomal positioning. We have examined KIF9 function in mammalian cells using shRNA-mediated knockdown and GFP-plasmid overexpression. By knocking dow KIF9 expression in these cells, we have seen several effects on normal cell cycle progression. Using various cell cycle markers, …

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You Keep Me Hangin' On, Ariel. Le Jan 2012

You Keep Me Hangin' On, Ariel. Le

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

Dynactin is a multisubunit protein complex that functions as a processivity cofactor to cytoplasmic dynein, assisting in vesicle transport and cell division. Independent of dynein,dynactin also serves to anchor microtubules to the centrosome. The functions of the majority of dynactin's subunits have been described to a certain degree ; however, the p24 subunit remains largely uncharacterized. Among the few things that are known about p24 are that it has a predicted molecular weight of about 20,822 Da, forms an a-helix, and binds directly to the p150[Glued] subunit. In order to explore its function further, we have performed shRNA-mediated knockdown, and …

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Perceiving And Reporting Domestic Violence Incidents In Unconventional Settings: A Vignette Survey Study, Hadar Aviram, Annick Persinger Jan 2012

Perceiving And Reporting Domestic Violence Incidents In Unconventional Settings: A Vignette Survey Study, Hadar Aviram, Annick Persinger

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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There Is No Evidence For A Temporal Link Between Pathogen Arrival And Frog Extinctions In North-Eastern Australia., Ben L. Phillips, Robert Puschendorf, Jeremy Vanderwal, Ross A. Alford Jan 2012

There Is No Evidence For A Temporal Link Between Pathogen Arrival And Frog Extinctions In North-Eastern Australia., Ben L. Phillips, Robert Puschendorf, Jeremy Vanderwal, Ross A. Alford

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Pathogen spread can cause population declines and even species extinctions. Nonetheless, in the absence of tailored monitoring schemes, documenting pathogen spread can be difficult. In the case of worldwide amphibian declines the best present understanding is that the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has recently spread, causing amphibian declines and extinction in the process. However, good evidence demonstrating pathogen arrival followed by amphibian decline is rare, and analysis of putative evidence is often inadequate. Here we attempt to examine the relationship between Bd arrival and amphibian decline across north-eastern Australia, using sites where a wave-like pattern of amphibian decline was …

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The Effect Of Geographical Scale Of Sampling On Dna Barcoding., Johannes Bergsten, David T. Bilton, Tomochika Fujisawa, Miranda Elliott, Michael T. Monaghan, Michael Balke, Lars Hendrich, Joja Geijer, Jan Herrmann, Garth N. Foster, Ignacio Ribera, Anders N. Nilsson, Timothy G. Barraclough, Alfried P. Vogler Jan 2012

The Effect Of Geographical Scale Of Sampling On Dna Barcoding., Johannes Bergsten, David T. Bilton, Tomochika Fujisawa, Miranda Elliott, Michael T. Monaghan, Michael Balke, Lars Hendrich, Joja Geijer, Jan Herrmann, Garth N. Foster, Ignacio Ribera, Anders N. Nilsson, Timothy G. Barraclough, Alfried P. Vogler

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Eight years after DNA barcoding was formally proposed on a large scale, CO1 sequences are rapidly accumulating from around the world. While studies to date have mostly targeted local or regional species assemblages, the recent launch of the global iBOL project (International Barcode of Life), highlights the need to understand the effects of geographical scale on Barcoding's goals. Sampling has been central in the debate on DNA Barcoding, but the effect of the geographical scale of sampling has not yet been thoroughly and explicitly tested with empirical data. Here, we present a CO1 data set of aquatic predaceous diving beetles …

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Contribution Of Spores To The Ability Of Clostridium Difficile To Adhere To Surfaces, Lovleen Tina Joshi, Daniel S. Phillips, Catrin F. Williams, Abdullah Alyousef, Les Baillie Jan 2012

Contribution Of Spores To The Ability Of Clostridium Difficile To Adhere To Surfaces, Lovleen Tina Joshi, Daniel S. Phillips, Catrin F. Williams, Abdullah Alyousef, Les Baillie

Peninsula Dental School

ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile is the commonest cause of hospital-acquired infection in the United Kingdom. We characterized the abilities of 21 clinical isolates to form spores; to adhere to inorganic and organic surfaces, including stainless steel and human adenocarcinoma cells; and to germinate. The composition of culture media had a significant effect on spore formation, as significantly more spores were produced in brain heart infusion broth (Student's t test; P = 0.018). The spore surface relative hydrophobicity (RH) varied markedly (14 to 77%) and was correlated with the ability to adhere to stainless steel. We observed no correlation between the ribotype …

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Ocean Acidification And The Loss Of Phenolic Substances In Marine Plants., Thomas Arnold, Christopher Mealey, Hannah Leahey, A. Whitman Miller, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Marco Milazzo, Kelly Maers Jan 2012

Ocean Acidification And The Loss Of Phenolic Substances In Marine Plants., Thomas Arnold, Christopher Mealey, Hannah Leahey, A. Whitman Miller, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Marco Milazzo, Kelly Maers

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Rising atmospheric CO(2) often triggers the production of plant phenolics, including many that serve as herbivore deterrents, digestion reducers, antimicrobials, or ultraviolet sunscreens. Such responses are predicted by popular models of plant defense, especially resource availability models which link carbon availability to phenolic biosynthesis. CO(2) availability is also increasing in the oceans, where anthropogenic emissions cause ocean acidification, decreasing seawater pH and shifting the carbonate system towards further CO(2) enrichment. Such conditions tend to increase seagrass productivity but may also increase rates of grazing on these marine plants. Here we show that high CO(2) / low pH conditions of OA …

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210Pb-226Ra Chronology Reveals Rapid Growth Rate Of Madrepora Oculata And Lophelia Pertusa On World's Largest Cold-Water Coral Reef, P. Sabatier, J. L. Reyss, J. M. Hall-Spencer, C. Colin, N. Frank, N Tisnerat-Laborde, L. Bordier, E. Douville Jan 2012

210Pb-226Ra Chronology Reveals Rapid Growth Rate Of Madrepora Oculata And Lophelia Pertusa On World's Largest Cold-Water Coral Reef, P. Sabatier, J. L. Reyss, J. M. Hall-Spencer, C. Colin, N. Frank, N Tisnerat-Laborde, L. Bordier, E. Douville

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Artificial Seed Production From Encapsulated Microshoots Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleraceae Var Botrytis), Hz Rihan, Mp Fuller, M Al-Issawi, S Burchett Jan 2012

Artificial Seed Production From Encapsulated Microshoots Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleraceae Var Botrytis), Hz Rihan, Mp Fuller, M Al-Issawi, S Burchett

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

A cost effective protocol for the production of cauliflower microshoots suitable for encapsulation was designed. Microshoots were encapsulated in sodium chloride matrices. The use of 2% of sodium alginate and 15 g/L of dehydrate calcium chloride produced the optimal quality of artificial seeds (rigidity, conversion rate and viability). Of the various plant growth regulator combinations used with the microshoot liquid culture medium, the use of 1 mg/L of IBA (indole butyric acid) and 1 mg/L Kinetin was found to be optimal in terms of the conversion rate and viability of artificial seeds. To standardize a medium composition of artificial endosperm …

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The Production Of Cauliflower Microshoots Using Curd Meristematic Tissues And Hypocotyl–Derived Callus., Hz Rihan, M Al-Shamari, Mp Fuller Jan 2012

The Production Of Cauliflower Microshoots Using Curd Meristematic Tissues And Hypocotyl–Derived Callus., Hz Rihan, M Al-Shamari, Mp Fuller

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

The capacity for microshoot production from cauliflower was investigated applying two different protocols. In the first, cauliflower curd meristematic tissue was used as a source of explants. The meristematic layer was shaved off and the clusters produced were homogenised using a commercial blender. In terms of its effect on the number and viability of microshoots, the use of 30 s blending duration treatment was found to be optimal between several treatments tested in the range 15 to 120 sec. Explants were cultivated in agitated S23 (MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) + 3 % sucrose) liquid media supplemented with different combinations …

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Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron And Protein Glycation In Type 2 Diabetes, Desley White Jan 2012

Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron And Protein Glycation In Type 2 Diabetes, Desley White

School of Health Professions Theses

Background and Methods The involvement of iron in the risk for, and complications of, type 2 diabetes has generated substantial interest over the past 15 years, initially sparked by an association with raised serum ferritin, and the observation that people with iron overload diseases frequently develop diabetes. Considerable advances have since been made in understanding the effect glucose has on molecules, cells, and tissues; and the role that oxidative stress plays in the development of the pathologies of long-term diabetes. Poorly liganded iron is potentially both a contributor to, and consequence of, these complications. In vitro experiments with glucose-incubated transferrin …

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The Role Of Insulin-Like Growth Factors Signaling In Merlin-Deficient Human Schwannomas., Sylwia Ammoun, M. Caroline Schmid, Natalia Ristic, Lu Zhou, David Hilton, Emanuela Ercolano, Camille Carroll, C. Oliver Hanemann Jan 2012

The Role Of Insulin-Like Growth Factors Signaling In Merlin-Deficient Human Schwannomas., Sylwia Ammoun, M. Caroline Schmid, Natalia Ristic, Lu Zhou, David Hilton, Emanuela Ercolano, Camille Carroll, C. Oliver Hanemann

Peninsula Medical School

Loss of the tumor suppressor merlin causes development of the tumors of the nervous system, such as schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas occurring spontaneously or as part of a hereditary disease Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). Current therapies, (radio) surgery, are not always effective. Therefore, there is a need for drug treatments for these tumors. Schwannomas are the most frequent of merlin-deficient tumors and are hallmark for NF2. Using our in vitro human schwannoma model, we demonstrated that merlin-deficiency leads to increased proliferation, cell-matrix adhesion, and survival. Increased proliferation due to strong activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is caused by overexpression/activation …

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Control Of Interneuron Dendritic Growth Through Nrg1/Erbb4-Mediated Kalirin-7 Disinhibition., M. E. Cahill, K. A. Jones, I. Rafalovich, Z. Xie, C. S. Barros, U. Müller, P. Penzes Jan 2012

Control Of Interneuron Dendritic Growth Through Nrg1/Erbb4-Mediated Kalirin-7 Disinhibition., M. E. Cahill, K. A. Jones, I. Rafalovich, Z. Xie, C. S. Barros, U. Müller, P. Penzes

Peninsula Medical School

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a secreted trophic factor that activates the postsynaptic erbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Both NRG1 and erbB4 have been repeatedly associated with schizophrenia, but their downstream targets are not well characterized. ErbB4 is highly abundant in interneurons, and NRG1-mediated erbB4 activation has been shown to modulate interneuron function, but the role for NRG1-erbB4 signaling in regulating interneuron dendritic growth is not well understood. Here we show that NRG1/erbB4 promote the growth of dendrites in mature interneurons through kalirin, a major dendritic Rac1-GEF. Recent studies have shown associations of the KALRN gene with schizophrenia. Our data point to …

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