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Manual And Electroacupuncture For Labour Pain: Study Design Of A Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial, Linda Vixner, Lena B. Mårtensson, Eliabet Stener-Victorin, Erica Schytt

College of Nursing Faculty Publications

Introduction. Results from previous studies on acupuncture for labour pain are contradictory and lack important information on methodology. However, studies indicate that acupuncture has a positive effect on women’s experiences of labour pain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different acupuncture stimulations, manual or electrical stimulation, compared with standard care in the relief of labour pain as the primary outcome. This paper will present in-depth information on the design of the study, following the CONSORT and STRICTA recommendations. Methods. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial based on western …

Validation Of The Delinquent Activities Scale For Incarcerated Adolescents, Racheal Reavy, L.A.R. Stein, Andrea L. Paiva, Kathryn Quina, Joseph S. Rossi

Psychology Faculty Publications

Purpose: This study examined the validity of the Delinquent Activities Scale (DAS), based in part on the Self Reported Delinquency (SRD) scale.

Method: Participants were 190 incarcerated adolescents (85.8% male; average age 17 years) at a juvenile correctional facility in the Northeast. While incarcerated, they were asked about substance use and delinquent activities in the 1 year prior to incarceration, as well as parental, peer, and demographic information. They were tracked at three months post-release, given the DAS, and assessed for post-release substance use.

Results: Three factors of the DAS assess general, alcohol-involved, and marijuana-involved delinquent activities. Principal components analysis …

Aboard Gso: A Newsletter For Alumni And Friends Of The University Of Rhode Island’S Graduate School Of Oceanography For Fall 2012, Uri Graduate School Of Oceanography

Graduate School of Oceanography Publications

The Fall 2012 (Volume 10, Issue 1) issue of Aboard GSO: A Newsletter for Alumni and Friends of the University of Rhode Island’s Graduate School of Oceanography, a periodical about GSO events, faculty research and essays by alumni.

An Examination Of The Role Of School Climate In Adolescent Test Anxiety, Lea Ann Imasa

Wayne State University Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine intrapersonal and contextual variables in relation to test anxiety among adolescents. Participants (n=298) were students in grades seven and eight from a middle school in a suburb in southeastern Michigan. Academic self-concept was found to fully mediate the relation between academic performance (as measured by GPA) and test anxiety. The intrapersonal variables of perceived threat of tests, effortful control, and academic self-concept significantly predicted test anxiety. The contextual variables were unrealistic parental expectations and school climate. Unrealistic parental expectations was a predictor of test anxiety in a regression model including only those …

The Structural Requirements Of Histone Deacetylase (Hdac) Inhibitors: Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (Saha) Analogues Modified At C3, C6, And C7 Positions Enhance Selectivity, Sun Ea Choi

Wayne State University Dissertations

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are targets for drug design towards the treatment of cancers since overexpression of HDAC is linked to cancer. Several HDAC inhibitors, including the FDA approved drug suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat), have cleared clinical trials and emerged as anti-cancer drugs. However, SAHA inhibits all of the 11 metal ion-dependent HDAC proteins. Therefore, we synthesized several libraries of small molecule HDAC inhibitors based on SAHA to help understand the structural requirements of inhibitory potency and isoform selectivity.

In previous work, SAHA analogues functionalized at the C2 position (C2-SAHA analogues) near the metal binding hydroxamic acid displayed decreased …

It's A Birth Not A Procedure: An Ethnographic Study Of Intrauterine Fetal Death In A Labor And Delivery Unit Of An American Hospital Setting, Catherine Mcleod Griffin

Wayne State University Dissertations

Life transitions such as birth and death constitute a significant area within anthropological studies of ritual. It is important to investigate how individuals, groups, and communities organize around these events. Birth and death can be considered as rites of passage that mark key life transitions (van Gennep 1909/1960). Thus birth and death related rituals need to be investigated within the social and cultural context of American hospital settings to better understand the social organization of life, death, and personhood. In the American hospital setting, a reproductive loss at any gestational age receives the medical diagnostic label of an intrauterine fetal …

Neighborhood Risk And Protective Factors For Teenage Childbearing And Fathering, Jessica Lee Lucero

Wayne State University Dissertations

Background and Purpose:

Informed by ecological systems theory, social disorganization theory and social capital theory, this study investigates the neighborhood contexts associated with teenage childbearing and fathering for Latino and Black adolescents who resided in Denver public housing for a substantial period of time during their childhood. Specifically, I examine the extent to which teenage childbearing/fathering (between the ages of 15 and 19) are statistically related to various conditions in the neighborhoods in which these youth were raised. The purpose of this study is to examine how neighborhood effects may vary according to the timing and duration of neighborhood exposure. …

Sustainable Design Of Complex Industrial And Energy Systems Under Uncertainty, Zheng Liu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Depletion of natural resources, environmental pressure, economic globalization, etc., demand seriously industrial organizations to ensure that their manufacturing be sustainable. On the other hand, the efforts of pursing sustainability also give raise to potential opportunities for improvements and collaborations among various types of industries.

Owing to inherent complexity and uncertainty, however, sustainability problems of industrial and energy systems are always very difficult to deal with, which has made industrial practice mostly experience based. For existing research efforts on the study of industrial sustainability, although systems approaches have been applied in dealing with the challenge of system complexity, most of them …

Effects Of Sex, Free Testosterone, And Androgen Receptor Cag Repeat Number On Spatial Cognition And Virtual Navigation Performance, Nicole Therese Nowak

Wayne State University Dissertations

The male advantage typically found on some measures of spatial cognition (e.g., mental rotations) has been approached for three decades from the perspective that androgens contribute to this sex difference. To date, evidence to support the notion that androgens affect spatial cognition in healthy young individuals is balanced by evidence to the contrary. The present study sought to clarify the association between androgens and spatial performance by extending our measurements of androgenicity to include both a measure of circulating testosterone as well as a receptor-specific marker.

The aims of this dissertation were to assess the effects of sex, testosterone, and …

Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticle Gel Networks: Their Formation Mechanism And Application For Novel Material Generation And Heavy Metal Remediation Via Cation Exchange Reactions, Irina Ramona Pala

Wayne State University Dissertations

METAL CHALCOGENIDE NANOPARTICLE GEL NETWORKS: THEIR FROMATION MECHANISM AND APPLICATION FOR NOVEL MATERIAL GENERATION AND HEAVY METAL REMEDIATION VIA CATION EXCHANGE REACTIONS

by

IRINA R. PALA

February 2012

Advisor: Dr. Stephanie L. Brock

Major: Chemistry

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The dissertation research is focused on (1) uncovering the mechanism of metal chalcogenide nanoparticle gel formation; (2) extending the cation exchange reaction protocol to zinc sulfide gel networks, with the goal of accessing new aerogel chemistries and understanding the factors that drive the process; and (3) conducting a quantitative analysis of the ability of ZnS aerogels to remove heavy metal ions …

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, And Electrochemical Properties Of 3d Metal And Ruthenium Complexes With Phenolate And Catecholate Ligands, Frank Donald Lesh

Wayne State University Dissertations

The integration of amphiphilic properties into transition metal coordination systems is a pertinent step toward the development of candidate metallosurfactant precursors for the formation of responsive monolayer films. This concept is intended to preserve the solution-observed redox, spectroscopic, and magnetic responses onto solid surfaces for potential application. Selected metal ions and various ligand designs are investigated to address the effect of coordination and protonation preferences on amphiphilic behavior, the aspects of new modular approaches for Langmuir film precursors of differentiated topologies to extend amphiphilicity and redox behavior, and the introduction of photosensitizing properties into electroactive metallosurfactant precursors. In an attempt …

An Ethnographic Analysis Of Adolescent Sexual Minority Website Usage: Exploring Notions Of Information Seeking And Sexual Identity Development, Rocky M. Sulfridge

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation explores the website usage of adolescent sexual minorities, examining notions of information seeking and sexual identity development. Sexual information seeking is an important element within human information behavior and is uniquely problematic for young sexual minorities. Utilizing a contemporary gay teen website, this five-year virtual ethnography of GLBT (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender) youth demonstrates an understanding of the function of the Internet as an invaluable tool for exploring social and psychological needs while providing anonymity and keeping information-seeking behavior relatively unknown. The use of Chatman's (1996) Information Impoverished Theory and Cass's (1979) Model of Gay and Lesbian Identity …

Biofuels Production From Hydrotreating Of Vegetable Oil Using Supported Noble Metals, And Transition Metal Carbide And Nitride, Huali Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

The focus of this research is to prepare non-sulfided hydrotreating catalysts, supported noble metal and transition metal carbide/ nitride, and evaluate their hydrocracking activities and selectivities by using soybean oil as the feedstock. For comparison study, catalytic cracking of soybean oil over a commercialized ZSM-5 was investigated. However, steady state could not be reached because significant amounts of tar and coke were generated during the reaction though a high yield (21%) of jet fuel was obtained from the process. Compared to the catalytic cracking process, less tar and coke were formed during the hydrocracking process and stable continuous flow reaction …

An Investigation Of Cultural Competence In Teachers, Leslie Allison Evola

Wayne State University Dissertations

Using a set of scales to measure cultural competences which have been used in previous research, this study examined the relationships between Cultural Attitudes and Beliefs, Cultural Intelligence (CQ), and Ethnic Identity, as well as the Big Five personality traits and demographic variables, within a sample of 87 high school teachers. Cultural Attitudes and Beliefs predicted Metacognitive CQ, Cognitive CQ, Motivational CQ, and overall CQ above and beyond Openness. Teachers with ten years of experience or less were found to have higher CQ than teachers with more than ten years of experience, which may be attributed to age. Also, teachers …

Narrative Exposure Therapy To Treat Traumatic Stress In Middle Eastern Refugees: A Clinical Trial, Alaa Mohammad Hijazi

Wayne State University Dissertations

There are millions of refugees and displaced persons around the world. Refugees often experience multiple stressors and traumas across the various stages of their journey such as witnessing political upheaval, loss of property and loved ones, a perilous journey, and difficulty in countries of resettlement. The multiple stressors that refugees experience place them at significant risk for various mental health problems, especially depression and post traumatic stress disorder, as well as physical health problems. Yet, despite the growing number of refugees and their vulnerability to various mental and physical health problems, knowledge about appropriate treatments for PTSD and other conditions …

Tell Me More About It: A Query Into Intelligence Scores And Their Relations With Achievement And Problem Behavior, Alicia Mariana January

Wayne State University Dissertations

Research has demonstrated negative outcomes associated with significant childhood cognitive, behavioral, emotional, or academic problems. These associations may reflect the importance of cognitive skills for mediating social and emotional functioning, however the directions of these relations remain a point of contention. Additionally, most of the child research is based on early editions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Little attention has been given to examining the relations between behavioral adjustment, achievement, and IQ utilizing the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV). The WISC-IV uses different subtests, index scores, and norms than its predecessors and has been described as being …

Emotional Expression And Coping Style In Predicting Well-Being After Traumatic Brain Injury, Kaja Telmet Harper

Wayne State University Dissertations

Many survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their significant others face the chronic stress of living with cognitive and physical impairments associated with TBI; this stress takes a toll on well-being. Unfortunately, research on the mechanisms of coping after TBI has been sparse. Thus, the present study examined the influence of acquired cognitive impairment on the pattern of relationships between emotional expression, coping styles and health outcomes. Sixty individuals with moderate to severe TBI as well as 63 significant others of individuals with TBI participated. Coping style was assessed via the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Emotional expression was …

Essays On Impact Of Risk Preference On Health And Occupational Choice, Meenakshi Beri

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation re-examines Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data in order to ascertain whether there exists behavioral heterogeneity among people regarding health risk as compared to that of financial risk as well as whether there exists racial-ethnic and gender heterogeneity in the health state dependence of marginal utility. Given heterogeneous risk and time preferences of individuals, this study investigates the impact of those preferences on sorting into occupations and industries using various measures of job risk. I construct three measures of risk across jobs, cross-categorized by occupation and industry: a fatal injury rate, non-fatal injury and illness rate, and a …

Motivating Adolescents To Chat For Health (Match): Improving Nutrition And Physical Activity In Urban Youth, Jaclyn Beth Issner

Wayne State University Dissertations

Adolescence represents a unique period of development that is filled with both opportunities and challenges. Choices and health patterns, such as sedentary activity or poor dietary intake, which are established during adolescence can set the stage for adulthood. Obesity in youth has emerged as a major health problem in the United States and across the globe (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012). One way to help prevent obesity is by incorporating preventive intervention services into primary care health systems. The current study, therefore, evaluated the effects of a brief 1-session intervention delivered in a primary care setting in …

Biophysical And Biochemical Factors In The Cellular Microenvironment; Effects On Cell Migration And Invasion, Shalini Menon

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cellular migration is a vital process central to many physiological events including development, immune surveillance and wound healing. However, migration and invasion are not unique to normal physiology, they are also key determinants in the progression of disease states such as cancer. Given the significance of migration it is important that we understand how the process is regulated intracellularly and the various stimuli that can promote it. Even though the role of biochemical factors in mediating migration has been studied extensively, the role of biophysical factors in modulating migration and invasion is less appreciation. The biochemical and biophysical components of …

Transfer Rna Dynamics And Transfer-Messenger Rna Accommodation In Bacterial Ribosomes At The Single-Molecule Level, May Daher Farhat

Wayne State University Dissertations

Single-molecule spectroscopy, protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and several biochemical tools were applied to study transfer RNA (tRNA) dynamics and transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) accommodation inside ribosomes. In the first project of this thesis work, structural characterization of the tRNA-like domain of tmRNA (TLD) in complex with SmpB protein was carried out, and the results reveal no change in the global conformation or the flexibility of the TLD upon SmpB binding. In contrast, magnesium ions induce a compaction of the TLD structure, suggesting that flexibility in the H2a stem of TLD may allow different conformations of tmRNA, …

Predictors Of Disorganized States Of Mind With Regard To Trauma In Mothers With Maltreatment Histories, Ellen Patricia Barrett-Becker

Wayne State University Dissertations

Disorganization is understood as a lack of cognitive and emotional integration of traumatic experiences (Main & Morgan, 1996). Disorganized states of mind appear to be particularly salient to parenting outcomes and represent an important psychological construct for understanding the consequences of child maltreatment and may be particularly important during the postpartum period (Ballen, et al., 2010; Lyons-Ruth & Jacobvitz, 2008; Kanotra, et al., 2007; Kaufman & Zigler, 1987).

Characteristics of child maltreatment and demographic characteristics have been linked to both disorganization and psychological symptoms of PTSD and depression (Bailey, et al., 2007; Banyard, et al., 2001; Davis, et al., 2008; …

Influences Of Early Child Characteristics And Health On Later Parent And Parent-Child Relationship Factors, Jennifer Degroot Hanawalt

Wayne State University Dissertations

The aim of this study was to evaluate ways in which infant temperament and health difficulties influence maternal characteristics over the first three years as well as the mother child relationship. We used longitudinal data from 1364 families, collected as part of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD). Longitudinal growth curve models were employed to evaluate influences of infant temperament and health at 6 months on maternal depression, employment, role satisfaction, parenting stress and marital satisfaction when the child was 6, 15, 24 and 36 months of age as well as mother child interactions …

Genetic And Biochemical Studies Of Human Apobec Family Of Proteins, Priyanga Wijesinghe

Wayne State University Dissertations

The AID/APOBEC family of proteins in higher vertebrates converts cytosines in DNA or RNA into uracil. These proteins have essential roles in either innate immunity or adaptive immunity. Recently, AID has also been implicated in DNA demethylation in the context of early embryogenesis in mammals. This is partly based on the reported ability of AID to deaminate 5-methyl cytosine to thymine (5mC to T). I reexamined this proposed new role of AID (5mC deamination) with two members of the APOBEC family in a novel Escherichia coli based genetic system. My results confirmed that while all three enzymes are strong cytosine …

Child Welfare Professionals On Kinship Caregivers: Attitudes And Implications, Kimberly Ann Brisebois

Wayne State University Dissertations

In 2006, new policies mandated Ontario child welfare agencies to explore potential placements with kin when children are removed from their homes. The philosophical basis driving Ontario policy is the belief that family-based care is better for children. Despite the dramatic rise in the numbers of kinship homes, controversy continues to surround the mandated exploration of kin (Geen, 2003). Kinship policies have required shifts in child placement practices and have imposed changes in the beliefs, attitudes and norms of child welfare professionals. Early practitioners tended to pathologize kinship networks and worked from the belief that children required rescuing from abusive …

Synthesis And Á-Stereoselective Sialylation Of Kdn And Late Stage Modification Of Neuraminic Acid Sialosides, Chandra Sekhar Navuluri

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

SYNTHESIS AND á-STEREOSELECTIVE SIALYLATION OF KDN AND LATE STAGE MODIFICATIONS OF NEURAMINIC ACID SIALOSIDES

by

CHANDRA SEKHAR NAVULURI

December 2012

Advisor: Prof. David Crich

Major: Chemistry

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Keto deoxy nonulosonic acid has gained prominence in the recent years after the discovery of its presence in humans and the consequent appreciation of its role in human development and disease, and because of its potential as a marker of disease states. The development of efficient á-KDN sialylation methodology, an investigation of the mechanistic aspects of such sialylations, and the synthesis of this sparsely occurring sialic acid are the …

Fasting Serum C‐Peptide Levels Predict Cardiovascular And Overall Death In Nondiabetic Adults, Nileshkumar Patel, H. Taveira, Gaurav Choudhary, Hilary Whitlatch, Wen-Chih Wu

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Insulin resistance, characterized by hyperinsulinemia and normal or elevated serum glucose, is an established precursor to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Despite fasting serum C‐peptide levels being an accurate and stable marker of endogenous insulin production used in patients with diabetes, it is unknown whether C‐peptide could serve as a marker of insulin resistance and predict outcomes in patients without diabetes.

Methods and Results: This is a retrospective cohort study using data from the NHANES‐3 (1988–1994) survey with mortality follow‐up through December 31, 2006. Participants included 5153 subjects, 40 to 74 years of age with fasting glucose ≥70 …

Organizational Characteristics Of High- And Low-Clozapine-Utilization Clinics In The Veterans Health Administration, Jessica L. Gören, J. Rose, Ryann L. Engle, Eric G. Smith, Melissa Christopher, Nathaniel M. Rickles, Todd P. Selma, Megan B. Mccullough

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objective: Treatment-resistance schizophrenia occurs in 20-30% of patients. Clozapine is the only medication proven effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, less than 25% of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients receive clozapine in most settings. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify facilitators and barriers to clozapine use, to inform development of interventions to maximize appropriate clozapine-utilization.

Methods: Seventy semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with five high- and five low-utilization VA Medical Centers, from different US regions including urban and rural areas. Interviewees were key informants of clozapine processes, including mental health leadership, psychiatrists, clinical pharmacists and advanced practice nurses. Interviews were …

Interaction Between Mu And Delta Opioid Receptor Agonists In An Assay Of Capsaicin-Induced Thermal Allodynia In Rhesus Monkeys, S. Stevens Negus, Ember Morrissey, John E. Folk, Kenner C. Rice

Pharmacology and Toxicology Publications

Delta opioid agonists enhance antinociceptive effects of mu-opioid agonists in many preclinical assays of acute nociception, but delta/mu interactions in preclinical models of inflammation-associated pain have not been examined. This study examined interactions between the delta agonist SNC80 [(+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide] and the mu agonist analgesics methadone, morphine, and nalbuphine in an assay of capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia in rhesus monkeys. Thermal allodynia was produced by topical application of capsaicin to the tail. Antiallodynic effects of methadone, morphine, and nalbuphine were evaluated alone or in combination with fixed proportions of SNC80 identical to proportions previously shown to enhance acute thermal antinociceptive effects of …

Mdan-21: A Bivalent Opioid Ligand Containing Mu-Agonist And Delta-Antagonist Pharmacophores And Its Effects In Rhesus Monkeys, Mario D. Aceto, Louis S. Harris, S. Stevens Negus, Matthew L. Banks, Larry D. Hughes, Eyup Akgun, Philip S. Portoghese

Pharmacology and Toxicology Publications

MDAN-21, , a bivalent opioid ligand containing a mu-opioid receptor agonist (derived from oxymorphone) linked to the delta-opioid receptor antagonist (related to naltrindole) by a spacer of 21 atoms, was reported to have potent analgesic properties in mice. Tolerance, physical dependence, and conditioned place preference were not evident in that species. The finding that bivalent ligands in this series, with spacers 19 atoms or greater, were devoid of tolerance and dependence led to the proposal that MDAN-21 targets heteromeric mu-delta-opioid receptors. The present study focused on its effects in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta), a species with a physiology and behavioral …