Digital Commons Network^™

Natural Resource Management Newsletter, Dave Willis, Steve Chipps, Pete Bauman, Lora Perkins, Larry Gigliotti, Troy Grovenburg, Nels Troelstrup Jr.

NRM Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Alterations In Regional Cerebral Blood Flow With Propofol Anesthesia Compared With Sevoflurane, Tejas Manchandia

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

ALTERATIONS IN REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW WITH PROPOFOL ANESTHESIA COMPARED WITH SEVOFLURANE. Tejas Manchandia, Maolin Qiu, Margaret Rose, Todd Constable, and Ramachandran Ramani. Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) are a reflection of neuronal activity in the brain because of the property of flow-metabolism coupling. Our group has previously reported a non-uniformity in rCBF changes with 0.25 MAC sevoflurane. The purpose of this project was to measure the alteration in rCBF with 0.5 MAC equivalent propofol and compare the changes in rCBF with …

The Air-Sea Transformation And Residual Overturning Circulation Within The Nordic Seas, Pål Erik Isachsen, Ole Anders Nøst

Journal of Marine Research

The residual diapycnal overturning circulation through interior regions of the Nordic Seas is diagnosed. The mean flow is estimated from Ekman dynamics and from the thermal wind relation with reference level velocities deduced from observations and from simplified theory. Eddy-induced transport is estimated from a GM-type parameterization which includes top and bottom boundary layers. The contributions from the Eulerian mean and eddy-induced transport are then compared to the annual-mean air – sea density transformation over the Nordic Seas. The calculations suggest that the mean flow overturning may explain up to 25% of the observed air – sea transformation in the …

The Impact Of Ambient Stratification On Freshwater Transport In A River Plume, Yan Jia, Alexander Yankovsky

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of ambient stratification on the river plume dynamics is studied using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The shelf flow is thermally stratified and retains a 15-m deep upper mixed layer. A buoyant inflow into the model domain is systematically varied so that both surface-advected and bottom-advected buoyant plumes are formed. The resulting buoyant plumes are compared with the corresponding numerical solutions when the ambient shelf flow is not stratified. Surface-advected plumes spread on top of the thermocline and are not affected by the ambient stratification. Bottom-advected plumes on the other hand interact with the ambient stratification by …

Deep Circulation Within The Argentine Basin, Joseph L. Reid

Journal of Marine Research

The total transport in the South Atlantic Ocean (Fig. 1) consists of an anticyclonic gyre that reaches from the equator to about 50°S, and south of 40°S two cyclonic turns from the Circumpolar Current and Weddell Sea, west and east of the anticyclonic gyre. This figure has been changed very slightly between 40°S and 50°S from the figure shown in Reid (1994)...

Long-Term Patterns Of An Estuarine Pathogen Along A Salinity Gradient, David Bushek, Susan E. Ford, Iris Burt

Journal of Marine Research

Parasitic, disease-causing pathogens can exert strong control over marine populations yet few long-term studies exist that describe these relationships. Understanding the connections to long-term large-scale processes relative to local short-term processes should facilitate better planning for disease impacts in the management of marine resources. We describe a 21-yr dataset of dermo disease (Perkinsus marinus) in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in Delaware Bay, USA. Analyses indicated (1) a strong positive association between disease and mortality that was non-linear and defined by thresholds, (2) a clear spatial gradient of increasing disease and mortality with increasing salinity, (3) an …

An Introduction To Ecology Of Infectious Diseases – Oysters And Estuaries, Eileen E. Hofmann, Susan E. Ford

Journal of Marine Research

Infectious diseases are recognized as an important factor regulating marine ecosystems (Harvell et al., 1999, 2002, 2004; Porter et al., 2001; McCallum et al., 2004; Ward and Lafferty, 2004; Stewart et al., 2008; Bienfang et al., 2011). Many of the organisms affected by marine diseases have important ecological roles in estuarine and coastal environments and some are also commercially important. Outbreaks of infectious diseases in these environments, referred to as epizootics, can produce significant population declines and extinctions, both of which threaten biodiversity, food web interactions, and ecosystem productivity (Harvell et al., 2002, 2004)...

Can Oysters Crassostrea Virginica Develop Resistance To Dermo Disease In The Field: The Impediment Posed By Climate Cycles, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Ximing Guo, Eileen E. Hofmann, Susan E. Ford, David Bushek

Journal of Marine Research

Populations of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, are commonly limited by mortality from dermo disease. Little development of resistance to Perkinsus marinus, the dermo pathogen, has occurred, despite the high mortality rates and frequency of epizootics. Can the tendency of the parasite to exhibit cyclic epizootics limit the oyster's response to the disease despite the presence of alleles apparently conferring disease resistance? We utilize a gene-based population dynamics model to simulate the development of disease resistance in Crassostrea virginica populations exposed to cyclic mortality encompassing periodicities expected of dermo disease over the geographic range at which epizootics have been …

Circulation And Water Properties And Their Relationship To The Oyster Disease Msx In Delaware Bay, Zhiren Wang, Dale B. Haidvogel, David Bushek, Susan E. Ford, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eric N. Powell, John Wilkin

Journal of Marine Research

We apply a high-resolution hydro-dynamical model to investigate the role of physical factors influencing infection prevalence of Haplosporidium nelsoni, causative agent of MSX disease in the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), in Delaware Bay, USA. Validation studies conducted for the years 2000 and 2010–2011 confirm that the model, based upon the Regional Ocean Modeling System, has significant skill in the recovery of observed water level, temperature, salinity, and velocity. Multi-year simulations are performed for periods representing temporal and spatial variations in H. nelsoni infection prevalence (1974–76, 1979–81, 1984–86, 1990–92, and 2006–09) to assess the degree to which the …

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Disease Refuges In An Estuary: Implications For The Development Of Resistance, Susan E. Ford, Emily Scarpa, David Bushek

Journal of Marine Research

Although the concept of genetic refuge has long been employed in ecological and paleoecological context, it has only rarely been used to identify regions where organisms are protected from diseases that affect the rest of a population. The refuges harbor individuals that have not been exposed to selective mortality and remain susceptible to the disease. They represent a reservoir of susceptibility alleles that can mix with those from resistant survivors of disease and can retard the development of resistance in the population as a whole. Two water-borne protistan parasites affect oysters along the east coast of the United States: Haplosporidium …

Primary And New Production In The Thermocline Ridge Region Of The Southern Indian Ocean During The Summer Monsoon, Naveen Gandhi, R. Ramesh, S. Prakash, Sharon Noronha, N. Anilkumar

Journal of Marine Research

New and primary production, measured using ¹⁵N and ¹³C tracers, integrated over the euphotic zone (mostly upper 80–100 m) varied from 7.5 to 14.1 mmol N m^–2d^–1(average 10.8 mmol N m^–2d^–1) and 2.7 to 17.7 mmol C m^–2d^–1 (average 11.3 mmol C m^–2d^–1), respectively, in the tropical India Ocean (TIO). Shoaling of thermocline in the thermocline ridge located in the tropical Indian Ocean (TR) influences new and total productivity by supplying nutrients to the upper layers. At the same time, N-limited conditions prevail …

Geostrophic Ocean Currents And Freshwater Fluxes Across The Canadian Polar Shelf Via Nares Strait, Berit Rabe, Helen L. Johnson, Andreas Münchow, Humfrey Melling

Journal of Marine Research

This study discusses geostrophic ocean currents and fluxes through Nares Strait, one of the major straits connecting the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic across the Canadian polar shelf. Between 2003 and 2006, instruments were installed on subsea moorings to measure conductivity, temperature, pressure and velocity at high temporal and spatial resolution across the 400-m-deep strait. Here we present estimates of the variable volume and liquid freshwater fluxes, derived by geostrophic calculation, through the fraction of the cross section measured by the array. The array of conductivity-temperature recorders spanned 30 km of a 38-km-wide section between 30- and 200-m depth. …

Solar Warming Of Near-Bottom Water Over A Fringing Reef, Judith R. Wells, Jonathan P. Fram, Geno Pawlak

Journal of Marine Research

The Kilo Nalu Observatory is located on the foreslope of a fringing reef on the south shore of Oahu, Hawaii. A cabled node at 12-m depth has enabled continuous real-time temperature observations from a thermistor chain extending from 1 to 7 m above bottom. Data from a 27-month deployment in 2007–2009 reveal repeated instances of subsurface temperature inversions. The usual diurnal pattern shows increases in temperature throughout the water column after sunrise, peaking in the early afternoon. Bottom waters typically warm faster than those at mid-depth, driving an inversion in the thermal profile. The onset and evolution of the inversions …

Experimental Assessment Of Particle Mixing Fingerprints In The Deposit-Feeding Bivalve Abra Alba (Wood), Guillaume Bernard, Antoine Grémare, Olivier Maire, Pascal Lecroart, Filip J. R. Meysman, Aurélie Ciutat, Bruno Deflandre, Jean Claude Duchêne

Journal of Marine Research

Particle mixing induced by the deposit-feeding bivalve Abra alba was assessed using a new experimental approach allowing for the tracking of individual particle displacements. This approach combines the adaptation of existing image acquisition techniques with new image analysis software that tracks the position of individual particles. This led to measurements of particle mixing fingerprints, namely the frequency distributions of particle waiting times, and of the characteristics (i.e. direction and length) of their jumps. The validity of this new approach was assessed by comparing the so-measured frequency distributions of jump characteristics with the current qualitative knowledge regarding particle mixing in the …

Facts And Figures 2012-2013, Office Of Communications And Marketing

Facts and Figures

No abstract provided.

On Identification Of Natural Direct Effects When A Confounder Of The Mediator Is Directly Affected By Exposure, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen, Tyler J. Vanderweele

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Transcriptional Regulation Of Notch Target E(Spl)Mγ By Tramtrack69 And Putzig In Drosophila Melanogaster, Emily Hunter

Biology Honors Papers

No abstract provided.

Arboretum Annual Report 2011-2012, Connecticut College

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Matrixx Initiatives, Inc. V. Siracusano: Nasal Spray Decision Throws Corporations Off The Scent Of "Materiality" Definition, Marcie Brecher

Proxy

No abstract provided.

Manipulating Fate: Medical Innovations, Ethical Implications, Theatrical Illuminations, Karen H. Rothenberg, Lynn W. Bush

Faculty Scholarship

Transformative innovations in medicine and their ethical complexities create frequent confusion and misinterpretation that color the imagination. Placed in historical context, theatre provides a framework to reflect upon how the ethical, legal, and social implications of emerging technologies evolve over time and how attempts to control fate through medical science have shaped -- and been shaped by -- personal and professional relationships. The drama of these human interactions is powerful and has the potential to generate fear, create hope, transform identity, and inspire empathy -- a vivid source to observe the complex implications of translating research into clinical practice through …

Adolescent Medical Decision Making And The Law Of The Horse, Amanda C. Pustilnik, Leslie Meltzer Henry

Faculty Scholarship

Legal and ethical regimes relating to adolescent medical decision making resemble what Judge Frank H. Easterbrook derisively called “the Law of the Horse”: Many laws deal with horses, he wrote, but there is no such field as “horse law.” Similarly, even though the United States has juvenile and family courts, as well as pediatric and adolescent medical departments, there is not a distinct field of “adolescent medical decision-making law” or ethics; there are just many disparate policies that implicate or impinge upon decisions made by adolescents. These include state laws ranging from those that permit minors to seek treatment for …

Law & Health Care Newsletter, V. 20, No. 1, Fall 2012

Law & Health Care Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Inspire, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Inspire

No abstract provided.

Sayre: Undergraduate Catalog 2012-2013, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Undergraduate Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Purification And Characterization Of Endoxylanase Xln-2 From Aspergillus Niger B03, Georgi Dobrev, Boriana Zhekova

Turkish Journal of Biology

An extracellular multiple form of endoxylanase was isolated from the xylanolytic complex of Aspergillus niger B03. The enzyme was purified to a homogenous form using ultrafiltration, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. It was a nonglycosylated protein with a molecular weight of 20,000 Da as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 21,000 Da as determined by gel filtration. The optimal pH for the enzyme action was 5.0 and the optimal temperature was 55 °C. Endoxylanase stability was significantly improved in the presence of glycerol and sorbitol. The enzyme activity was activated by Mn^{2+} and Co^{2+}, and it was …

Comparison Of Three Yarrowia Lipolytica Strains For Lipase Production: Nbrc 1658, Ifo 1195, And A Local Strain, Özgür Kebabci, Ni̇lüfer Ci̇hangi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

Lipase production was examined with 3 strains of Yarrowia lipolytica: NBRC 1658, IFO 1195, and a local strain. All strains were obtained from Hacettepe University's Department of Food Engineering. The addition of nitrogen and carbon sources and the effects of initial pH and temperature parameters were studied. For all 3 strains, the growth temperature range was 20-40 °C, and maximum growth was determined at 30 °C. The initial pH range was 6-9 for growth and 3-6 for lipase production. Maximum growth results were detected as follows: Y. lipolytica NBRC 1658 at 30 °C and pH 8, Y. lipolytica IFO 1195 …

Prevalence Of The Ivs1(+1)G->A And 35delg Mutations In The Gjb2 Gene Of Turkish Patients With Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss, Tüzün Arik Biyikli

Turkish Journal of Biology

GJB2 encodes connexin 26, a gap junction protein that is assumed to be a component of the potassium recycling pathway in the inner ear. Loss or malfunction of these gap junctions, as might be reflected by mutations in GJB2, may disrupt potassium movement from the hair cells through the supporting cell network to the endolymph, leading to hearing impairment. One mutation, the deletion of 1 guanosine residue from a stretch of 6 between nucleotide positions 30 and 35 (35delG) at codon 10, is the most common deafness-causing allelic variant of GJB2 in sporadic patients and autosomal recessive families. Mutations in …

Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Different Extracts From Three Salvia Species, Eli̇f Çadirci, Hali̇s Süleyman, Peri̇han Gürbüz, Ayşe Uz, Zühal Güvenalp, Lütfi̇ye Ömür Demi̇rezer

Turkish Journal of Biology

Salvia L. species have been used for the treatment of various inflammatory ailments in traditional medicine. In order to evaluate this ethnobotanical information, water, methanol, n-butanol, acetone, and chloroform extracts from 3 Salvia species (S. fruticosa, S. verticillata, and S. trichoclada) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity using in vivo experimental models in rats. For this purpose a carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema model was used. All extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities; however, n-butanol extract of Salvia fruticosa (syn. S. triloba), which is known as Turkish sage, was found to be the most active. It can be expected that the active flavonoids, …

Protective Effects Of \Beta-Carotene And Silymarin On Human Lymphocytes, Erkan Yurtcu, Ezgi̇ Kasapoğlu, Feri̇de İffet Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

Beta-carotene and silymarin have antioxidant properties against oxidative damage and are used as dietary supplements. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of \beta-carotene and silymarin on healthy human lymphocytes exposed to L-arginine-induced oxidative damage. Study samples were lymphocyte cultures set up from venous blood obtained from 6 healthy individuals (3 males and 3 females). Oxidative DNA damage was induced by L-arginine. \beta-Carotene and silymarin were added to the cultures as antioxidants to observe their protective effects, if any. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used to evaluate DNA damage. While L-arginine generated genotoxic damage in …

Folk Medicines In The Villages Of Ilıca District (Erzurum, Turkey), Ufuk Özgen, Yusuf Kaya, Peter Houghton

Turkish Journal of Biology

The villages of Ilıca District in Erzurum Province, Turkey, were surveyed in terms of plants and animals used traditionally for medicinal purposes. Plants were compiled according to their families, botanical names, local names, usages, and applications. A total of 70 plant species belonging to 29 families are used by village people to treat a wide range of complaints, such as hemorrhoids, urinary system infections, stomach disorders, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, rheumatism, and jaundice. In addition, 3 animal species are used for the treatment of some diseases. The collected data were compared with those formerly recorded.