Digital Commons Network^™

Teachers’ Perception Of Bullying Among Youth: Hindsight Bias In Relation To Victim Responses, Karen J. Sherman

Open Access Dissertations

Bullying, a common, persistent, and detrimental occurrence in schools, adversely affects the social, emotional, behavioral, and psychological well-being of children and youth. Independent variables that have been studied among children and youth involved in bullying in school settings are delineated, ways that bullying has been assessed and reported are described and critiqued, and the effect of hindsight bias is reviewed. Forty-eight vignettes were constructed by crossing (a) four kinds of social contact (physical aggression, verbal aggression, relational aggression, and non-aggression) with (b) male and female actors, (c) male and female and receivers, and (d) reaction of the receiver (aggressive, passive, …

Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration Compared To A Community-Based Exercise Program For Improving Older Adults' Balance And Mood, Zi Yan, Bradley J. Cardinal, Ruben J. Guzman, Walker A. Maddalozzo, Gianni F. Maddalozzo

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) may be an effective means of improving body composition and physical functioning in older adults, and the benefits may be comparable to traditional exercise modalities. The aim of this study was to test the effects of WBV on older adults’ balance and mood state.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-one participants (5 male, M age= 89.8 ±8.8, and 26 female, M age = 74.5±8.1) were randomly assigned to WBV or a community-based exercise program (CBEP). The intervention lasted 6 months, with participants doing WBV 10-15 min, 5 d/wk or CBEP 50 min, 2 d/wk. The Sensory Organization Test …

Circumcision Or Mutilation - Voluntary Or Forced Excision - Extricating The Ethical And Legal Issues In Female Genital Ritual, Obiajulu Nnamuchi

Journal of Law and Health

This Article consists of seven sections. Following the introduction, Part II reconstructs the debate as to whether Female Genital Ritual is a legitimate cultural practice or a human rights violation, and it sets forth the major arguments. Part III delves into, and debunks, the moral relativist argument regarding FGR. Part IV seeks to determine whether FGM is evil. A foray into the theory of evil, the section draws critical distinctions between FC and FGM and explains why the distinctions are of paramount moral importance. Part IV also concludes that FGM is evil, and thus, among the issues related to the …

Bullies In A Wired World: The Impact Of Cyberspace Victimization On Adolescent Mental Health And The Need For Cyberbullying Legislation In Ohio, Kelly A. Albin

Journal of Law and Health

This Note examines cyberbullying's impact on adolescents' mental health and psychological development and explores an Ohio-specific legislative response to the problem. Part II addresses the urgent need for cyberbullying legislation, the inadequacy of Ohio law, and the detrimental effects that may result when juveniles are targeted by cyberbullies. Part III demonstrates how other states have reacted to the cyberbullying problem by amending already enacted bullying statutes or by creating new and specific cyberbullying laws. Part IV proposes a new cyberbullying statute that criminalizes the more extreme cases of cyberbullying, incorporates age as a sentencing factor, and introduces school-employee liability for …

G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831), Richard Thomas Eldridge

Philosophy Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

William H. Hannon Library Year In Review 2011 – 2012, William H. Hannon Library

William H. Hannon Year-in-Reviews

No abstract provided.

Madness In The Hole: Solitary Confinement And Mental Health Of Prison Inmates, Emily Coffey

Public Interest Law Reporter

No abstract provided.

Delinquents After Exile: A Review Of Aftercare Programs, Jeremy Olson, Daniel R. Lee

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

Constant Enough: On The Kinds Of Perceptual Constancy Worth Having, Frank H. Durgin, Anna Jane Ruff , '09, Robert Calverley Russell , '08

Psychology Faculty Works

This chapter argues that whereas perceptual experience is underconstant in one sense, it is virtually constant insofar as it is functionally stable and predictable. The possibility of distinguishing perception and cognition is explored in experiments on the perception of surface orientation. These experiments are related to the study of self-motion perception and space perception. An experiment comparing monocular and binocular perception of hills revealed perceptual differences, between-subjects, that were masked in within-subject comparisons by metacognitive strategies. A second experiment found that participants wearing heavy backpacks gave (cognitively) elevated slope estimates only because of experimental demands not physical ones. Perceptual experience …

Spirit And Practice Excellence, Maine Medical Center

Annual Reports

Biennial Report on Nursing, 2011-2012

Therapeutic Communication From A Constructionist Standpoint, Kenneth J. Gergen, M. M. Gergen

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Distinguishing Speed From Accuracy In Scalar Implicatures, L. Bott, T. M. Bailey, Daniel J. Grodner

Psychology Faculty Works

Scalar implicatures are inferences that arise when a weak expression is used instead of a stronger alternative. For example, when a speaker says, “Some of the children are in the classroom,” she often implies that not all of them are. Recent processing studies of scalar implicatures have argued that generating an implicature carries a cost. In this study we investigated this cost using a sentence verification task similar to that of Bott and Noveck (2004) combined with a response deadline procedure to estimate speed and accuracy independently. Experiment 1 compared implicit upper-bound interpretations (some [but not all]) with lower-bound interpretations …

Expert Performance By Athletes In The Verbal Estimation Of Spatial Extents Does Not Alter Their Perceptual Metric Of Space, Frank H. Durgin, Keenan R. Leonard-Solis , '12, Owen T. Masters , '12, Brittany P. Schmelz , '12, Z. Li

Psychology Faculty Works

Athletes often give more accurate estimates of egocentric distance along the ground than do non-athletes. To explore whether cognitive calibration was accompanied by perceptual change, athletes and non-athletes made verbal height and distance estimates and also did a perceptual matching task between perceived egocentric distances and frontal vertical extents. Both groups were well calibrated for height estimation for poles viewed frontally, but athletes were much better calibrated at estimating longer egocentric distances (which are systematically underestimated by non-athletes). Athletes were more likely to have learned specific units of ground distance from relevant sports contexts. Both groups reported using human height …

A Comparison Of Two Theories Of Perceived Distance On The Ground Plane: The Angular Expansion Hypothesis And The Intrinsic Bias Hypothesis, Z. Li, Frank H. Durgin

Psychology Faculty Works

Two theories of distance perception-ie, the angular expansion hypothesis (Durgin and Li, 2011 Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 73 1856-1870) and the intrinsic bias hypothesis (Ooi et al, 2006 Perception 35 605-624)-are compared. Both theories attribute exocentric distance foreshortening to an exaggeration in perceived slant, but their fundamental geometrical assumptions are very different. The intrinsic bias hypothesis assumes a constant bias in perceived geographical slant of the ground plane and predicts both perceived egocentric and exocentric distances are increasingly compressed. In contrast, the angular expansion hypothesis assumes exaggerations in perceived gaze angle and perceived optical slant. Because the bias functions of …

Pledging Peace In Aldous Huxley’S Eyeless In Gaza, Charles Andrews

English Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 2012, Whitworth University

Commencement Programs

Undergraduate Commencement exercises of Whitworth University in May 2012.

Constitutionalizing Immigration Law: The Vital Role Of Judicial Discretion In The Removal Of Lawful Permanent Residents, Maritza I. Reyes

Journal Publications

For decades, scholars and advocates criticized the harsh, mandatory nature of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. They argued that federal district court judges should have discretion to authorize a punishment that fits the facts and circumstances of the crime and the defendant. Similarly, immigration scholars and advocates criticize the harsh laws that categorically remove lawful permanent residents, even after minor crimes, from the United States. In 2005, in United States v. Booker, the Supreme Court "constitutionalized" the Sentencing Guidelines by rendering them advisory, and returning judicial discretion to federal judges. This Article argues that the similar constitutional, historical, theoretical, societal, and …

The Strong Arm Of The Law Is Weak: How The Tvpa Fails To Effectively Assist Victims Of The Sex Trade, Cheryl Page

Journal Publications

Acts that occur in the underbelly of our global community can be shocking to many, but they occur every night and day right in our own neighborhoods. Sex trafficking, a derivative of human trafficking, is occurring in epidemic proportions on a global scale while the victims are suffering in silence. Sexual exploitation has taken the media forefront in recent years.' Much legislation has been passed to try to curb this illegal marketing of innocent women and children. Laws in various countries have been evaluated, studied, and researched and lead to the sad conclusion that these laws alone are insufficient in …

Cybercrime, Ronald C. Griffin

Journal Publications

This essay recounts campaigns against privacy; the fortifications erected against them; and hi-jinx attributable to hackers, crackers, and miscreants under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.

2012 Aasu Women's Basketball Guide, Armstrong State University

Armstrong Athletics: Women's Basketball Records (Archived)

No abstract provided.

2012 Aasu Baseball Guide, Armstrong State University

Armstrong Athletics: Men's Baseball Records (Archived)

No abstract provided.

Investigating A Genetically Informed Enhanced Reinforcement Model Of Alcohol Involvement: A Prospective Analysis, Scott D. Martin

Open Access Master's Theses

Enhanced reinforcement has figured prominently in etiologic models of alcohol involvement and may be of particular relevance in adolescence and emerging adulthood. We prospectively examined an enhanced reinforcement model in a sample of emerging adults and augmented the model with a promising candidate gene, OPRMl, which has demonstrated associations with both alcohol outcomes and psychosocial factors comprising the enhanced reinforcement model. We examined whether a putatively functional polymorphism in the OPRMI gene was associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED) and negative consequences from drinking across four years via a number of intervening psychosocial factors, including behavioral undercontrol, subjective responses to …

The Effect Of Goal Setting On Fruit And Vegetable Consumption And Physical Activity Level In A Web-Based Intervention, Stephanie O'Donnell

Open Access Master's Theses

Background: Most people do not meet the recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. Goal setting has been shown to increase health related behaviors such as these, but there has not been extensive research.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between goal setting and fruit and vegetable consumption as well as physical activity to explore the relationship between goal setting and behavior in a web-based intervention for young adults.

Design: This study used a prospective, descriptive design using data from the Project WebHealth study, which used an experimental design. The …

A Prospective Examination Of Posttraumatic Stress And Alcohol Use Disorders Among Returning Veterans, Matthew D. Pierce

Open Access Master's Theses

The traumatic effects of combat on psychological functioning have long been recognized. Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom have amplified the need for a better understanding of the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD). We prospectively examined PTSD and AUD symptoms and investigated relations between combat exposure (CE) and relationship status (RS) on these outcomes. We hypothesized that CE would have a main effect on both PTSD and AUD symptoms while RS would have a main effect on AUD symptoms but not PTSD. We also examined CE X RS interactions as well as hypothesized …

Eating Pace Intervention Classes 3: Female Students At The University Of Rhode Island Feinstein Campus, Ruthann Sampson

Open Access Master's Theses

Background: Over one-third of the United States is obese. This weight status is associated with many negative health implications including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Female college students are a sub-group especially prone to excess kilocalorie (kcal) consumption, leading to weight gain. Consuming food at a fast pace has been associated with increased kilocalorie consumption. Interventions reducing eating rate may be an effective method to reduce kilocalorie consumption in female college students.

Objective: To determine if a 5 week curriculum designed to reduce eating pace would decrease consumption rate (kcal/minute) and total kcal eaten at a control meal, in …

Increasing Breastfeeding In Wic Participants Using Information About Formula Cost As A Motivator, Viviane Fornasaro-Donahue

Open Access Master's Theses

Despite the widely documented health benefits of breastfeeding, breastfeeding rates continue to fall short of Healthy People 2020 Objectives, particularly among women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). The amount of formula supplied by WIC often is insufficient to fully cover the infant’s demands, thus mothers need to purchase extra cans of formula in addition to what is provided by the WIC Program. However, prior to deciding whether to breastfeed or formula feed their infants, mothers may not be aware of the amount spent monthly on the purchase of extra formula. This information …

Identifying Psychological Contract Breaches To Guide Improvements In Faculty Recruitment, Retention, And Development, Gretchen L. Peirce, Shane P. Desselle, Jolaine R. Draugalis, Alan R. Spies, Tamra S. Davis, Mark Bolino

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

Objective. To identify pharmacy faculty members’ perceptions of psychological contract breaches that can be used to guide improvements in faculty recruitment, retention, and development.

Methods. A list of psychological contract breaches was developed using a Delphi procedure involving a panel of experts assembled through purposive sampling. The Delphi consisted of 4 rounds, the first of which elicited examples of psychological contract breaches in an open-ended format. The ensuing 3 rounds consisting of a survey and anonymous feedback on aggregated group responses.

Results. Usable responses were obtained from 11 of 12 faculty members who completed the Delphi procedure. The final list …

The Frequency Of Generic And Nongeneric Praise In The Sports And Academic Settings, Edwin G. Ortiz

McNair Scholars Journal

The link between praise and motivation is well-documented. Generic praise focuses on a child’s traits and abilities and implies that achievement is due to stable factors such as intelligence. Nongeneric praise focuses on the effort the child exerts to achieve a goal and implies that achievement is due to nonstable factors. Generic praise influences goals for achievement by conveying to the child that outperforming others is more important than self-improvement. A performance goal is associated with negative outcomes for children such as the development of helpless responses and attributions of ability to explain success, which lead to decreased motivation in …

Female Truck Drivers: Negotiating Identity In A Male Dominated Environment, Stephanie Sicard

McNair Scholars Journal

This research explores how women negotiate their identities when working in the male dominated field of truck driving. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, of the over three million people who make their living as truck drivers, only six percent are female. By combining data gathered using various ethnographic research methodologies, several aspects related to women working in the truck driving industry were interpreted from the theoretical perspectives of performance theory and optimal diversification theory. A literature review revealed that little academic research has been published on the field of truck driving, and even less is written about …

Supplement

McNair Scholars Journal

No abstract provided.