Digital Commons Network^™

Family Child Care Providers As Health Educators & Advocates: Perspectives Of Parents, Health Care Providers And Community Service Providers, Lauren Kathleen Graber

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Family child care providers, who are trusted by parents and disproportionately serve families in poverty, may be in an ideal position to provide health education for vulnerable families. Prior research found that family child care providers perceive that they act as health educators and advisors for families. The perception of this role by others who are also invested in a family's health remains unclear. We hypothesized that parents receive health information from a myriad of sources but that their relationship to their children's family child care providers elevates the importance, relevance, and desire to adhere to the health information parents …

Actigraphy Sleep Patterns: Relationships To Body Mass Index And Physical Activity In Minority Children, Kathryn Wynne

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Previous research suggests that short sleep duration and later bedtimes are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and lower physical activity levels in children. We sought to determine if objective measurements of sleep duration and timing were correlated with BMI percentile and/or physical activity measures in low-income, minority children. Data were collected from 104 8- to 10-year-old children (58% female; 88.5% Latino or African-American; 51.9% overweight or obese) who were instructed to wear an accelerometer at their waists for 1 week. Data were manually analyzed to determine average sleep-onset (i.e. bedtime), sleep-offset (i.e. wake time), sleep duration, and minutes …

Randomized Controlled Trial Of Intraoperative Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy In Aerobically Fit And Unfit Patients Having Major Colorectal Surgery, C. Challand, R. Struthers, J. R. Sneyd, P. D. Erasmus, N. Mellor, K. B. Hosie, G. Minto

More Faculty of Health Research

Background: Intraoperative fluid therapy regimens using oesophageal Doppler monitoring (ODM) to optimize stroke volume (SV) (goal-directed fluid therapy, GDT) have been associated with a reduction in length of stay (LOS) and complication rates after major surgery. We hypothesized that intraoperative GDT would reduce the time to surgical readiness for discharge (RfD) of patients having major elective colorectal surgery but that this effect might be less marked in aerobically fit patients. Methods: In this double-blinded controlled trial, 179 patients undergoing major open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery were characterized as aerobically 'fit' (n=123) or 'unfit' (n=56) on the basis of their performance …

Elaborated Intrusion Theory: A Cognitive-Emotional Theory Of Food Craving, Jon May, Jackie Andrade, David J. Kavanagh, Marion Hetherington

School of Psychology

A clear understanding of the cognitive-emotional processes underpinning desires to overconsume foods and adopt sedentary lifestyles can inform the development of more effective interventions to promote healthy eating and physical activity. The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desires offers a framework that can help in this endeavor through its emphases on the roles of intrusive thoughts and elaboration of multisensory imagery. There is now substantial evidence that tasks that compete for limited working memory resources with food-related imagery can reduce desires to eat that food, and that positive imagery can promote functional behavior. Meditation mindfulness can also short-circuit elaboration of dysfunctional …

Wittgensteinian Support For Domain Analysis In Classification, Andrew Wesolek

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Hjorland contends that in order to further the goal of linking researchers to relevant information ‘domain analysis’ should be used in concept classification. He thinks that concept classification should not strive to classify on the basis of the properties of objects, but rather on descriptions of objects that are loosely derived from human activity and social negotiation. Currently, most information scientists operate under a ‘positivist’ view of concept classification, which, Hjorland maintains, mistakenly strives for universal classification schema while muddling the comprehension of individual researchers. Though he tends to include Wittgenstein in the positivist camp for classification, Hjorland’s domain analysis …

Adolescent Dating Violence: How Should Schools Respond?, Jeanne L. Surface, David Stader, Thomas Graca, Jerry Lowe

Journal of Inquiry and Action in Education

Educational leaders have a substantial degree of control over students and generally have a tremendous influence on the decisions that they make. District administrators are already involved in comprehensive efforts to stem sexual harassment, teen violence and bullying, therefore, they may be well positioned to identify and address the problem of teen dating violence. Unfortunately, school district failure to take action is far too common, despite the statutory duty to ensure the safety of all students during school hours and at school sponsored events. School districts can be held liable for student dating violence under Title IX, under 42 U.S.C. …

Prevalence And Determinants For Overweight And Obesity Among Residents Of A Mining Township In Kitwe, Zambia, In 2011: A Population-Based Survey, Cosmas Zyaambo, Olesegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Adamson S. Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Victor M. Mukonka, Seter Siziya

Faculty Publications

Background: Obesity and overweight in Africa have been attributed to demogra- phic and nutritional changes that have resulted from urbanization and sedentary lifestyles and increased caloric intake without much physical activities. This has put populations at an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia, and cancer. The objective of this study was to deter- mine the prevalence and associated factors for combined overweight and obesity among residents of a mining town, Kitwe, in Zambia.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using a modified WHO glo- bal Non Communicable Diseases Surveillance Initiative STEPs 1 and 2 method of …

Faith-Based Organizations And Their Contributions To Society, Candice N. Watson

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

A Multiple Case Study Of Teacher Perspective On Effective Interventions Used By Family Resource Centers In Elementary Schools To Improve Parental Involvement Of Students At Risk, April Cherisha Wood

Online Theses and Dissertations

Students not having the positive opportunities of an education, often experience negative effects throughout their lives. Educators need to do more to meet the needs of elementary students at risk, and if this can be accomplished the students will receive a 21st Century education that will help students with a global education, which is necessary to their quality of life now and in the future. This is an effort to better understand the interactions family resource centers use to intervene, helping families of students at risk, become involved in schools, and establish a framework that offers a more focused lens …

A Dietary Study Of Big Brown (Eptesicus Fuscus) And Northern Bats (Myotis Septentrionalis) In Western Kentucky, Sarah Elizabeth Asher

Online Theses and Dissertations

Knowledge is lacking regarding the dietary habits of northern (Myotis septentrionalis) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in Kentucky. The objective of this study was to determine the prey items consumed by both species at three sites in western Kentucky. Totals of 103 fecal pellet samples from northern bats and 36 fecal pellet samples from big brown bats were collected in 2003 and 2004. Overall prey items found within the samples collected for both species indicated their diets were similar (Sorensen's coefficient; S_S= 0.72); with the most common insect orders being Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and …

Fermenting Identities: Race And Pulque Politics In Mexico City Between 1519 And 1754, Neil Robert Kasiak

Online Theses and Dissertations

The material, symbolic and social forces that colonists and certain indigenous groups selectively reinforced manipulated and reshaped ethnic identity in New Spain. Examining pre-conquest and post-conquest perceptions of the maguey (or American agave) and pulque, the maguey's alcoholic by-product, underscores how race, ethnicity and food influenced social change after Cortes marched on Mexico. The socio-political discourse and food cultures that engulfed pulque and the maguey developed under combustible contexts. Paternalistic Spanish ideologies combined with prevailing indigenous elite strategies to create identity membership categories that defined the major negative influences in colonial culture. The deeply seated, and often misunderstood, pre-conquest symbolism …

Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis Pertaining To Biofuel Process Development, Sushma Dendukuri

Online Theses and Dissertations

Mass spectrometry (MS) has undergone a revolution with the introduction of a new group of desorption/ionization (DI) techniques known collectively as Ambient Ionization mass spectrometry. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry allows for direct analysis of analytes and typically requires little or no sample preparation. Specifically, Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) has developed rapidly and allowed investigations to occur with the analysis of biomass after various pretreatments to determine the pretreatment biomass degradation efficiency. The degradation of the initial biomass structure is a very important step before other chemical treatments can occur to generate needed sugars. Since generated sugars aid in …

The Element Contents In Chickpeas Grown Under Organic And Conventional Farming Regimes Using Wdxrf Analysis For Human Nutrition And Health, Uğur Akbaba, Yusuf Şahi̇n, Hasan Türkez

Turkish Journal of Physics

A comparative study on elemental composition of various chickpea (Cicer arientînum L) samples was conducted by using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF). 22 elements, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, S, Sr, Zn, Br, Cl, K, Mg, Na, Ba, Rb, Si, Au, Cr, La and Sn, were determined in chickpea samples (n = 10) grown under organic and conventional farming regimes. Results obtained from each group were analyzed statistically using the SPSS statistic program. It was observed that the concentration and peak intensity values of Ca, Fe, P, Cl, K, Mg and Na elements were higher in the chickpea …

Determination Of Acute Phase Proteins After Experimental Streptococcus Iniae Infection In Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus L.), Azi̇me Küçükgül Güleç, İbrahi̇m Cengi̇zler

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) were infected with Streptococcus iniae (Cat No: ATCC 29178) and the plasma changes in the acute phase protein (APP) members were examined at different time periods. A total of 72 fish with average body weights of 60 g were used. Fish in the infected group (group I) were intraperitoneally injected with S. iniae at 3.3 × 10^5 colony forming unit (CFU) in 0.1 mL level to the fish. The other group (group II) was subjected to handling stress near the infection. The control group was constituted by providing optimum conditions. On days 7, 14, and …

Changes In Cell Wall Compositions And Degradation Kinetics Of Electron Beam-Irradiated Sugarcane Bagasse, Parvin Shawrang, Abbas Majdabadi, Ali Asghar Sadeghi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Electron beam irradiation of sugarcane bagasse at doses of 250 and 500 kGy could change its cell wall composition and ruminal fiber degradation characteristics by breaking off the lignocellulosic bonds. Nylon bags of untreated or electron beam-irradiated bagasse were suspended in the rumen of 3 fistulated rams for up to 72 h, and the resulting data were fitted to a nonlinear degradation model to calculate the degradation parameters of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Irradiation had no effect on crude protein, ether extract, and ash, but resulted in a linear decrease of the cell wall contents. An …

The Emerging Role Of Acyl-Coa Thioesterases And Acyltransferases In Regulating Peroxisomal Lipid Metabolism, Mary Hunt, Marina Siponen, Stefan Alexson

Articles

The importance of peroxisomes in lipid metabolism is now well established and peroxisomes contain approximately 60 enzymes involved in these lipid metabolic pathways. Several acyl-CoA thioesterase enzymes (ACOTs) have been identified in peroxisomes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs (short-, medium-, long- and very long-chain), bile acid-CoAs, and methyl branched-CoAs, to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A. A number of acyltransferase enzymes, which are structurally and functionally related to ACOTs, have also been identified in peroxisomes, which conjugate (or amidate) bile acid-CoAs and acyl-CoAs to amino acids, resulting in the production of amidated bile acids and fatty acids. The …

The Impact Of Macular Pigment Augmentation On Visual Performance Using Different Carotenoid Formulations., James Loughman, J M. Nolan, Alan Howard, E Connolly, K Meagher, S Beatty

Articles

To investigate changes in macular pigment optical
density (MPOD) and visual performance following supplementation
with different macular carotenoid formulations.

Nickel Hyperaccumulation By Natural Plants In Turkish Serpentine Soils, Haşi̇m Altinözlü, Alpteki̇n Karagöz, Turgay Polat, İlhami̇ Ünver

Turkish Journal of Botany

Natural plants in Turkish serpentine soils were surveyed to determine their Ni accumulation capability. Geographic distribution and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable nickel contents of the western Anatolian serpentine soils and their vegetative contents were studied to find the possible relationships between the phytoavailable Ni amount in the soil and the Ni content of potential accumulator plants. Over half of the surface area of Turkey was targeted in the study. Aboveground parts of 413 herbaceous plants and the surface soil (0-15 cm) of 192 serpentine samples were collected. A digital elevation model and ANUSPLIN and ArcGIS 8.1 software packages were …

Biogeochemical Interrelations Between The Çayırhan Oil Shales And Some Plants Growing On Them (Turkey), Berna Yavuz Pehli̇vanli, Şükrü Koç, Esra Ergi̇n, Ali̇ Sari, Leyla Açik, Meci̇t Vural

Turkish Journal of Botany

Oil shales are exposed in wide areas around the town of Çayırhan (Beypazarı-Ankara). It is known that some elements are enriched in oil shales and similar organic-material rich rocks. The purpose of this study was to understand the possible relations between the element abundances found at the Çayırhan oil shales (ÇOS) and those of some plant types growing on these rocks. The results of chemical analysis of selected plants (8 species) were compared with each other and with element abundances from the ÇOS. The plant types examined were divided into 2 groups with respect to enrichment factors. The first group …

Evidence From Micromorphology And Gross Morphology Of The Genus Loranthus (Loranthaceae) In Iran, Robabeh Shahi Shavvon, Shahryar Saeidi Mehrvarz, Narges Golmohammadi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Loranthus L. (Loranthaceae) is represented in Iran by 2 species: Loranthus europaeus Jacq. and L. grewingkii Boiss. & Buhse; the latter species is endemic to the area of Flora Iranica. The plants of Loranthus are hemiparasites growing on various host trees such as Quercus infectoria Oliv., Acer monspessulanum L., and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. In order to investigate the range of morphological variation in different populations of these species, an inclusive gross morphological and micromorphological study was conducted. For this purpose, the anatomical characteristics of the stem, leaf, petiole, and fruit were also investigated. The most prominent features were …

The Future Interpretation Of The Constitution, Wilson Huhn

Akron Law Faculty Publications

On November 6, 2012, Barack Obama was reelected President of the United States. What effect will this have on the future interpretation of the Constitution? This article identifies 19 areas of constitutional law that would likely change if one more liberal justice is appointed to the Supreme Court.

Artificial Seed Production From Encapsulated Microshoots Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleraceae Var Botrytis), Hz Rihan, Mp Fuller, M Al-Issawi, S Burchett

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

A cost effective protocol for the production of cauliflower microshoots suitable for encapsulation was designed. Microshoots were encapsulated in sodium chloride matrices. The use of 2% of sodium alginate and 15 g/L of dehydrate calcium chloride produced the optimal quality of artificial seeds (rigidity, conversion rate and viability). Of the various plant growth regulator combinations used with the microshoot liquid culture medium, the use of 1 mg/L of IBA (indole butyric acid) and 1 mg/L Kinetin was found to be optimal in terms of the conversion rate and viability of artificial seeds. To standardize a medium composition of artificial endosperm …

Laws, Institutions And Transboundary Pasture Management In The High Pamir And Pamir-Alai Mountain Ecosystem Of Central Asia, Michelle Mei Ling Lim

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Enhanced rangeland governance is a priority for the governments of the post-Soviet Central Asian states of the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan. Major transitional challenges confront the newly independent states of Central Asia. These challenges include the withdrawal of subsidies previously provided by the centralised Soviet government; moves towards privatisation and the conversion of administrative boundaries to international boundaries. In this context transboundary approaches to rangeland management are essential. This paper highlights the challenges for effective pasture management in the Pamir, Pamir-Alai ecosystem; the inadequacies of pasture-related legal instruments and the absence of institutions for the implementation of these instruments. Transboundary …

Compositional And Functional Characteristics Of Materials Recovered From Headed Gutted Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) By Isoelectric Solubilization And Precipitation Using Organic Acids, Ilgin Paker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is one of the main freshwater fish species with a high nutritional value; however, it is hard to process the fish due to its boney carcass. Therefore, isoelectric solubilization and precipitation (ISP) processing was applied to headed gutted silver carp to separate the protein from the bones, scales, skin, fins, etc. Different solubilization strategies (pH 2.5, 3.0. 11.5 and 12.0) using organic acids, either acetic acid (AA) or a 30% formic and lactic acid combination (F&L), were applied during ISP and the different effects of treatments on the materials recovered from the initial silver carp were …

What We Can Learn From The Lived Experience Of Asperger's Syndrome, Craig Allen Talbot Edd

Dissertations

The overall purpose of this study was to survey the personal experiences of individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (AS), analyze and combine them into a shared lived experience in order to provide information pertinent to treatment and intervention, particularly in educational and extra-curricular settings. Those teaching, volunteering or working with individuals with AS must consider their behavioral propensities and natural inclinations in both characteristics and individual personality traits when guiding them in schooling, career preparation, life skills, social interactions and other responsibilities. The goal of the study was to identify common interventions, including technology interventions, or patterns of behavior used by …

Savanna Glade Hotspots: Plant Community Development And Synergy With Large Herbivores, Kari E. Veblen

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

In African savannas, abandonment of traditional livestock corrals (bomas) creates long-term mosaics of nutrient hotspots embedded in a lower-nutrient matrix. It is unclear how plant communities develop over time on these sites in clay-rich “black cotton” soils or how herbivores attracted to these sites affect vegetation development. I first examined whether treeless “glades”, derived from abandoned bomas, function as nutrient and herbivore hotspots. Soil, vegetation, and herbivore data were collected on glades of varying ages. The results indicated that glades persist as long-term (≥four decades) patches (0.25–1.0 ha) of improved soil texture and increased nutrient levels, palatable grasses, and herbivore …

Delayed Nesting By Female Canada Geese (Branta Canadensis): Benefits And Costs, Michael R. Conover

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

In many avian species, females do not nest the first year they attain sexual maturity. I examined the benefits and costs of delayed nesting in a nonmigratory population of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in New Haven County, Connecticut, from 1984 through 2008. I individually marked 381 female goslings and monitored them throughout their lives. Eighty-seven females were recruited into the local breeding population; 16 of these started nesting when 1 or 2 years old (young nesters), and 71 started nesting when 3 to 9 years old (delayed nesters). During their first reproductive effort, young nesters and delayed nesters produced similar-sized …

Giving Birth: The Voices Of Women In Tamil Nadu, India, Cheryl A. Corbett, Lynn Clark Callister

Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to describe the perceptions of childbearing women living in Tamil Nadu, India. This study can increase cultural understanding and foster cultural competence in nurses caring for Indian women.

Study Design and Methods: Women were invited to share their childbearing experiences. Following institutional review board approval, interviews were held with 22 women who had given birth in the previous 18 months to a viable infant. The women were grateful for the opportunity to share their perspectives with an interested nurse investigator. Data collection proceeded concurrently with data analysis. Themes were generated collaboratively …

Gentamicin Rapidly Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism In High-Frequency Cochlear Outer Hair Cells, Heather Jensen Smith, Richard Hallworth, Michael G. Nichols

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Aminoglycosides (AG), including gentamicin (GM), are the most frequently used antibiotics in the world and are proposed to cause irreversible cochlear damage and hearing loss (HL) in 1/4 of the patients receiving these life-saving drugs. Akin to the results of AG ototoxicity studies, high-frequency, basal turn outer hair cells (OHCs) preferentially succumb to multiple HL pathologies while inner hair cells (IHCs) are much more resilient. To determine if endogenous differences in IHC and OHC mitochondrial metabolism dictate differential sensitivities to AG-induced HL, IHC- and OHC-specific changes in mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence during acute (1 h) GM treatment …

Where You Stand Depends On Where You Sit: Immigrant Incorporation In Federal Workplace Agencies, Ming Hsu Chen

Faculty Scholarship

This Article integrates social science theory about immigrant incorporation and administrative agencies with empirical data about immigrant-serving federal workplace agencies to illuminate the role of bureaucracies in the construction of rights. More specifically, it contends that immigrants' rights can be protected when workplace agencies incorporate immigrants into labor law enforcement in accordance with the agencies' professional ethos and organizational mandates. Building on Miles' Law that "where you stand depends on where you sit," this Article argues that agencies exercise discretion in the face of contested law and in contravention to a political climate hostile to undocumented immigrants for the purpose …