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About The Scientific Names Of Paraphyletic Taxa, Tarmo Timm

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The 'naturality' of monophyletic taxa in comparison with that of paraphyletic ones is discussed, with examples from Clitellata. Regular scientific names for paraphyletic taxa are inevitable in a workable biological classification.

Helminth Parasites Of The Lemon-Yellow Tree Frog, Hyla Savignyi (Hylidae), From Turkey, Hi̇kmet Sami̇ Yildirimhan, Nurhan Sümer, Sezen İncedoğan, Charles Robert Bursey

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Forty lemon-yellow tree frogs, Hyla savignyi, collected from Kırıkhan, Turkey (25 in April 2009, 15 in April 2010), were examined for helminths, and 21 frogs were found to be infected. One species of Monogenea (Polystoma integerrimum), 3 species of Digenea (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, and Pleurogenoides medians), 1 species of Cestoda (Nematotaenia dispar), and 2 species of Nematoda (Aplectana brumpti and Cosmocerca commutata) were found. Hyla savignyi represents a new host record for Polystoma integerrimum, Diplodiscus subclavatus, Halipegus kessleri, Pleurogenoides medians, Aplectana brumpti, and Cosmocerca commutata.

New Locality Records Of The Snake-Eyed Lizard, Ophisops Elegans Ménétriés, 1832 (Squamata: Lacertidae), In The Western Black Sea Region Of Anatolia, Mehmet Zülfü Yildiz, Bahadir Akman, Bayram Göçmen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We report 18 specimens of Ophisops elegans from Kastamonu and Sinop provinces in the western Black Sea region of Anatolia. Previously, the northernmost known locality for O. elegans in Anatolia was Sinop Province. These new records extend the known distribution area of the species and fill the gaps in the distribution range of the species in the Black Sea region. The specimens were compared with the geographically closest subspecies, O. e. centralanatoliae from Ulukışla, Niğde. On the basis of pholidosis, coloration, and pattern, the new specimens can be included in the subspecies O. e. centralanatoliae.

A Preliminary Study On The Length-Weight Relationship Of Sacura Boulengeri (Heemstra, 1973) From Indian Waters, Kinattumkara Bineesh, Sebastine Manju, Kallivalappil Akhilesh, Gopalakrishna Pillai

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Sacura boulengeri (Heemstra, 1973) is a rare serranid fish (Subfamily: Anthiinae) having very disjunct distribution in the western Indian Ocean. The rarity of the species is evident from earlier reports and, so far, no related studies on the species have been published except on taxonomy and distributional records. In the present investigation, the length-weight relationship of Sacura boulengeri was estimated to be W = 0.0777 × L2.690 (with 95% confidence intervals for b and r2). An analysis of the stomach contents revealed that sergestid shrimps and copepods were the major food items of the diet.

A New Water Mite Species (Hydrachnidia: Aturidae) From Turkey: Barbaxonella Taurusensis Sp. Nov., Yunus Ömer Boyaci, Pinar Gülle, Hakan Di̇di̇nen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Barbaxonella taurusensis n. sp. is described and a list of species of the water mite family Aturidae Thor, 1900 from Turkey is given. Barbaxonella taurusensis n. sp. is the second species of genus Barbaxonella Lundblad, 1954 recorded from Turkey.

Investigation Of Acute Toxicity Of Cadmium-Arsenic Mixtures To Daphnia Magna With Toxic Units Approach, Şeyda Fi̇ki̇rdeşi̇ci̇, Ahmet Altindağ, Ebru Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The acute toxicities of cadmium chloride (CdCl_2.H_2O), arsenic trioxide (AS_2O_3), and their mixtures to Daphnia magna were investigated by employing the statistical method of aquatic toxicity. The data obtained were statistically evaluated with probit analysis method (SPSS 17.0). The 24 h LC_{50} of Cd and As to Daphnia magna was estimated to be 44 µg L^{-1} for Cd, and 509 µg L^{-1} for As, respectively. With Behrens-Karber method the 24 h LC_{50} of these metals was found to be 46 µg L^{-1} and 509 µg L^{-1}, respectively. The 2 methods were in good agreement. The results suggested that D. magna …

A New Freshwater Amphipod Species, Gammarus Obruki Sp. Nov., From Turkey (Amphipoda: Gammaridae), Murat Özbek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A new species of freshwater amphipod, Gammarus obruki sp. nov., collected from İnderesi Cave, Bartın Province, Turkey, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the Gammarus pulex group. The most discriminant characters of this species are the presence of prolonged extremities, a very long antenna 1 (up to 52 segmented flagellum), densely setose fifth peduncle and flagellar segments of antenna 2, and a fourth peduncle segment that has no long setae. A detailed morphological description and illustrations of the new species are provided and differences from related species are discussed.

A Checklist Of Turkish Rotifers, Mustafa Ruşen Ustaoğlu, Ahmet Altindağ, Murat Kaya, Nuray Akbulut, Ahmet Bozkurt, Di̇dem Özdemi̇r Mi̇s, Si̇bel Atasağun, Sevi̇l Erdoğan, Aysel Bekleyen, Serap Saler, Hacer Canan Okgerman

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In a book chapter containing the first checklist and distribution of Turkish rotifers, published in 1999, were listed 167 taxa. The second checklist, published in 2004, reported 229 rotifer taxa in Turkey. During the 7 years since this checklist process, many studies have been carried out and we have prepared a new checklist of Turkish rotifers in the present study. In all, 341 rotifer taxa have been recorded to date.

Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) Species On Pine Trees Of Turkey, Selma Ülgentürk, Nevzat Evren, Bi̇kem Ayhan, Özlem Dostbi̇l, Oktay Dursun, Hasan Sungur Ci̇velek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Coccoidea species on pine trees (Pinus brutia, P. halepensis, and P. pinea) were collected from natural pine forests, mainly in the Aegean, Mediterranean, and some neighboring (Central Anatolian, Marmara) regions of Turkey in 2008-2011. A total of 14 species were determined from Coccidae (2 species), Diaspididae (8 species) Marchalinidae (1 species), Matsucoccidae (1 species), Monophlebidae (1 species), and Pseudococcidae (1 species), and 2 of them (Gomezmenoraspis pinicola Leonardi and Poaspis intermedia Goux) are new records for Turkish fauna. While the most common pests were respectively Leucaspis pusilla Löw, Marchalina hellenica Gennadius, Matsucoccus josephi (Bodenheimer and Harpaz), G. pinicola, and Palaeococcus …

Additional Records Of Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) And Redescription Of Rhagovelia Nigricans Nigricans (Burmeister, 1835) From Anatolia (Turkey), Ahmet Dursun

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 1210 adult specimens of the infraorder Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) were collected from 47 different localities in eastern Anatolia, the Black Sea region, Kelkit Valley, and Hatay from 2006 to 2010, and the unpublished materials studied were collected from different parts of Turkey by Seidenstücker, Wellschmied, Demel, and Heinzl, and deposited in the Zoologische Staatssammlung München. In this study, 6 genera of 4 families and 15 species were recorded. Of those, 13 were new records for the research areas. Furthermore, Gerris lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758), Gerris thoracicus Schummel, 1832, Gerris asper (Fieber, 1860), and Gerris caucasicus Kanyukova, 1982 were …

First Record Of The Nonindigenous Parasitic Copepod Neoergasilus Japonicus (Harada, 1930) In Turkey, Erhan Soylu, Meral Penbe Soylu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930), a parasitic copepod from the family Ergasilidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida), was observed for the first time in Turkey during a parasitological examination of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus from Lake Sapanca. The investigation was performed between March 2009 and February 2010, and a total of 132 S. erythrophthalmus were studied at monthly intervals. N. japonicus infection was found from June to November, and during this period the monthly prevalences were 18.2%, 75.0%, 53.8%, 61.5%, 38.5%, and 33.3%, respectively. The average prevalence in female rudd was higher than in males. A total of 467 adult female N. japonicus individuals were …

Legal Education, Social Justice And The Law School Dean: Latinas At The Center, Margaret E. Montoya

Faculty Scholarship

The opening of LatCrit XVI in San Diego, CA, on October 9, 2011, coincided with the events that are identified as the start of the global expression of the Occupy Movement. The Occupy Movement began to gain media attention on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park in New York City. By October 9, protests had taken place or were ongoing in eighty-two countries and over 600 communities in the United States. The broad theme for LatCrit XVI was "Global Justice" and the conference was billed as "an opportunity to explore theories, histories, and futures of global justice. Of particular importance …

A New Formulation Method For Solving Kinematic Problems Of Multiarm Robot Systems Using Quaternion Algebra In The Screw Theory Framework, Emre Sariyildiz, Hakan Temeltaş

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

We present a new formulation method to solve the kinematic problem of multiarm robot systems. Our major aims were to formulize the kinematic problem in a compact closed form and avoid singularity problems in the inverse kinematic solution. The new formulation method is based on screw theory and quaternion algebra. Screw theory is an effective way to establish a global description of a rigid body and avoids singularities due to the use of the local coordinates. The dual quaternion, the most compact and efficient dual operator to express screw displacement, was used as a screw motion operator to obtain the …

Rethinking Drought: Planning For Water Scarcity And Climate Variability In The Clark Fork Basin Of Montana, Molly Smith

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The purpose of this thesis is to capture experiences of past drought and concerns for future drought conditions in the Clark Fork River Basin of western Montana. These findings could be used to inform drought planning in the Clark Fork River Basin and to guide basin-wide drought planning in the American West. This thesis challenges the assumption of using drought to frame the issue of water deficiency. Deficiencies in precipitation, as a product of natural climate variability, have always existed and will always exist. Water scarcity, on the other hand, is when climate variability and human factors contribute to the …

A Queer Critique On The Polygamy Debate In Canada: Law, Culture, And Diversity, Erin Fowler

Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies

On November 22, 2010, after years of growing concern and controversy, the Supreme Court of British Columbia opened the debate on the constitutional validity of the Criminal Code prohibition against polygamy. The reference case, arising out the failed prosecution of two prominent members of the Fundamentalist Mormon sect in Bountiful, British Columbia, has sparked a heated debate between academics, experts, and legal authorities on whether the prohibition should be struck down due to constitutional infringement or upheld because of the belief that polygamy is associated with gender inequality and the exploitation of women and children. Despite the large number of …

A Queer Critique On The Polygamy Debate In Canada: Law, Culture, And Diversity, Erin Fowler

Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies

On November 22, 2010, after years of growing concern and controversy, the Supreme Court of British Columbia opened the debate on the constitutional validity of the Criminal Code prohibition against polygamy. The reference case, arising out the failed prosecution of two prominent members of the Fundamentalist Mormon sect in Bountiful, British Columbia, has sparked a heated debate between academics, experts, and legal authorities on whether the prohibition should be struck down due to constitutional infringement or upheld because of the belief that polygamy is associated with gender inequality and the exploitation of women and children. Despite the large number of …

Train Wreck: The U.S. Violation Of The Chemical Weapons Convention, David A. Koplow

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is one of the most important multilateral arms control instruments; it requires its 188 parties to refrain from producing, acquiring, retaining or using chemical weapons (CW) and to destroy their existing CW stockpiles by a fixed date. The United States and Russia declared the possession of the world’s largest CW inventories and have been working assiduously to incinerate, chemically neutralize or otherwise dispose of their respective caches. Unfortunately, neither country met the treaty’s April 29, 2012 final, non-extendable deadline. The United States managed to destroy 90% of its CW stocks on time, but under …

Theater As A Medium Of Healing: A Critical Analysis Of Copper Thunderbird By Marie Clements, Anna Dulba-Barnett

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The idea of the healing power of theater reaches back to Aristotle and his concept of catharsis. Greek philosopher states that tragedy “with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish its katharsis of such emotions.” The process of catharsis is interpreted as purification or purging of the audience members’ strong emotions as a response to the dramatic action taking place on stage. Today very few western theater practitioners mention that particular aspect of theater in their artistic manifestoes. Yet in Native American theater narratives of illness and healing are ever present. The need for change, and faith in the …

Vitamin D And Athletic Performance: A Critical Assessment For Coaches And Athletes, Lauren Mcguigan

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In addition to the well-established role of vitamin D in bone health, there is evidence to suggest that vitamin D may also be associated with the prevention of a wide array of non-skeletal, autoimmune, and chronic diseases. In addition, correlational studies suggest that maintaining a sufficient vitamin D status may positively influence athletic performance indicators, namely strength, power, speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, reaction time, coordination, and body composition. However, there is a lack of consensus among the Institute of Medicine and various vitamin D researchers in defining ideal vitamin D concentrations for both health and performance related benefits. Although this controversy …

Ph Modulation Of Fibril Dissociation And Copper Binding Properties Of The Prion Protein, Xu Qi

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The cellular form of prion protein (PrP^C) is a cell-surface glycoprotein attached to lipid rafts via its glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Conversion of PrP^C to its "scrapie" conformer (PrP^Sc, the fibrillar form) constitutes the key event of the etiology of prion diseases. Fibril dissociation is necessary for efficient conversion and continued propagation of the disease state. Recent studies have revealed that conversion occurs along the endocytic pathway. To better understand the dissociation process, we have investigated the effect of low pH on the stability of recombinant prion fibrils. We show that under conditions that mimic the endocytic …

Spreadsheet Activities With Conditional Progression And Automatically Generated Feedback And Grades, Thomas C. Juster

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Spreadsheet activities following the Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum (SSAC) model have been modified using VBA programming to automatically generate feedback, calculate grades, and ensure that students complete them in a linear fashion. Feedback is based not only on the value of cells, but also on the formulas used to compute the values. These changes greatly ease the burden of grading on instructors, and help students more quickly master tasks and concepts by providing immediate and directed feedback to their answers. Students performed significantly better on the new spreadsheet activities compared to traditional SSAC versions, with 87% achieving perfect scores of …

Bankruptcy, Backwards: The Problem Of Quasi-Sovereign Debt, Anna Gelpern

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This Feature considers the debts of quasi-sovereign states in light of proposals to let them file for bankruptcy protection. States that have ceded some but not all sovereign prerogatives to a central government face distinct challenges as debtors. It is unhelpful to analyze these challenges mainly through the bankruptcy lens. State bankruptcy posits an institutional fix for a problem that remains theoretically undefined and empirically contested. I suggest a way of mapping the problem that does not work back from a solution. I highlight the implications of sovereign immunity, immortality, concurrent authority, macroeconomic policy, and democratic accountability for quasi-sovereign debt …

The Problem About The Nature Of Law Vis-À-Vis Legal Rationality Revisited: Towards An Integrative Jurisprudence, Imer Flores

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this paper the author argues, following Frederick Schauer, that attempting to move theoretically from-the-necessary-to-the-important may hinder our understanding of law. He further argues that attempting to move from-the-important-to-the-necessary may well be a more promising route for advancing our understanding of law as an interpretive practice which is not merely important or valuable but morally important or valuable and even necessary, as Ronald Dworkin has advocated. The authors argument also draws on the insights of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., who by discussing the important, but apparently neither necessary nor sufficient aspects of legal practice, integrated both logic and experience into …

The Limits Of Government Regulation Of Science, John D. Kraemer, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The recent controversy over the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity’s (NSABB) request that Science and Nature redact key parts of two papers on transmissible avian (H5N1) influenza reveal a troubled relationship between science and security. While NSABB’s request does not violate the First Amendment, efforts to censor the scientific press by force of law would usually be an unconstitutional prior restraint of the press absent a compelling state interest. The constitutional validity of conditions on grant funding to require pre-publication review of unclassified research is unclear but also arguably unconstitutional.

The clearest case where government may restrict publication is …

Another Day, Another Donut: Political Economy, Agency, And Food In A Montanan Homeless Shelter, Jacqueline Devereaux Semmens

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Despite widespread undernutrition among the homeless, there has been little anthropological research on the experience of food insecurity in this population. Between 20 and 40 percent of the homeless population is undernourished and one third regularly miss meals (Gelberg 1995). This thesis addresses the significant problem of food insecurity in the homeless from a political economic perspective, analyzing how larger social structures influence the individual person. Fifteen residents at a shelter in Missoula, MT were interviewed about their dietary practices and experience of social service programs. The macro-social level influences the diet of the individual in two important ways: first, …

Bison Conservation In The Northern Great Plains, Michel Thomas Kohl

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Temperate grasslands are the least protected ecosystem in the world. In North America, only < 4% of tallgrass prairie, 64% of mixed-grass prairie, and 66% of shortgrass prairie are intact. Historically, grazing played an important role in maintaining prairie landscapes through nutrient cycling and the diversification of vegetation structure and composition. Within grasslands, the plains bison (Bos bison) was the most numerous and influential grazer. However, by 1900 bison were reduced to ¡Ü 1,000 animals throughout North America. Today, bison are scattered throughout their historical range, numbering > 500,000 individuals. Recent questions have surfaced regarding the success of this effort, however, because < 21,000 plains bison are managed as conservation herds (n = 62) and 8% of those herds are managed on areas of > 2,000 km2. In addition, >100,000,000 cattle now graze rangelands in the U.S. and Canada leading to questions regarding the ecological significance of replacing bison with livestock. Our objectives were to increase knowledge regarding the ecological similarities between bison and cattle, and to determine how both species can be managed to mimic ecological patterns that approximate historical bison populations. We used behavioral observations, movement analyses, and Resource Selection Function (RSF) analyses too quantify …

Characterization Of A Cardboard Recycling Facility's Plastic Waste For Beneficial Use, Tova Sardot

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

An issue with old cardboard container (OCC) recycling is the generation of a plastic waste that currently either gets land-filled or burned. A Wandel screen, a common process unit, generates 35% of overall rejects that contain 75% of the facility's total plastic output. Plastic-rich Wandel wastes have not been well characterized. This study evaluated the plastic waste stream for engineering new, second-life products. Wandel wastes were composed typically of hot melt adhesives (37%), polypropylene (32%), polyethylene (17%), and polystyrene (9%). Proportions varied 10% or less in each polymer category. The plastic waste was compounded, milled and injection molded into test …

Coming To The Surface: The Environment, Health, And Culture In Butte, Montana, Stacie Lynn Barry

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Butte is a small town in southwest Montana that was profoundly shaped by over a century of mining and smelting activities. Today, Butte is a post-industrial city that is the focal point of America's largest Superfund site as well as the nation's largest National Historic District. There are two types of remediation occurring in Butte: environmental and cultural. Environmental remediation occurs throughout the city, most notably at the operable units of the Butte Superfund sites. This remediation does not restore the environment to its original state but instead reclaims it to a level of risk deemed acceptable by the EPA. …

Composition, Distribution, And Conservation Of The Herpetofauna Of Santa Barbara Mountain, Honduras, Alicia Marie Ward

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Santa Barbara Mountain is an important and unique ecosystem in Honduras because of its topography and high proportion of endemic species. Despite its prospects for valuable discoveries and the profusion of threats to its biodiversity, there is almost no scientific information about Santa Barbara Mountain. This study is the first systematic investigation of hepetofauna species on the mountain. Research objectives included inventorying of the reptile and amphibian species present on Santa Barbara Mountain, identifying locations and microhabitat types where each species can be found, and determining if the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis is present and in which locations. A community education …

Consequences Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation In Steady-State And Inflammatory Dendritic Cells, Thomas Simones

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a steroid-like transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of various environmental pollutants, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and TCDD-like compounds. Exposure to environmentally relevant levels of TCDD and TCDD congeners has been shown to cause immune suppression, yet the mechanisms underlying TCDD-induced immune suppression remain poorly understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play an integral role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs constitutively express AhR and represent a highly sensitive immune cell population to AhR activation by environmental pollutants. In a murine inflammatory bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) model, AhR …