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2011

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The Effects Of Solidification Under Pressure On Properties Of Cast Aluminum Alloys, Santosh B. Ghanti Jan 2011

The Effects Of Solidification Under Pressure On Properties Of Cast Aluminum Alloys, Santosh B. Ghanti

All ETDs from UAB

The mechanical properties of aluminum alloy castings are affected by porosity which is caused by a combination of dissolved gases and shrinkage. The objective of this research is to study the effects of solidification under pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of two aluminum alloys, A356-T6 and A206-T6. Wedge-shaped aluminum castings were produced with chemically bonded sand molds. Castings were poured at 704ºC (1300ºF) or 760ºC (1400ºF) and solidified under 1 atmosphere or 10 atmospheres of applied pressure. Density, x-ray radiography, metallographic inspection, and tensile testing were performed on samples from various section sizes of the castings. For aluminum alloy …

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Structural Analyses Of Streptococcus Agalactiae Sortases, Baldeep Khare Jan 2011

Structural Analyses Of Streptococcus Agalactiae Sortases, Baldeep Khare

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Multi-drug resistance in Gram-positive bacteria is a growing and unwavering challenge for twenty-first century medicine. The enzyme sortase, identified just around the turn of the century, has since become a promising target for development of anti-infective drugs. Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), encodes multiple sortases, which participate in various processes and whose functions are only beginning to be understood in detail. Sortases are cysteine proteases that are crucial for Gram-positive pili biogenesis. Two classes of sortases, class C and class A, participate in the assembly of structural components (pilins) to form the pili and subsequent anchoring of the …

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Improvement Of A Surrogate Assay For Protective Antibodies To Pneumococcal Surface Protein A, Eun Lim Kim Jan 2011

Improvement Of A Surrogate Assay For Protective Antibodies To Pneumococcal Surface Protein A, Eun Lim Kim

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Despite the availability of vaccines for pneumococcal infections, their protective efficacy is not ideal. This problem is due to the replacement of the strains that are not covered by the current vaccines. One potential resolution of this problem is to develop a pneumococcal vaccine that is not limited to serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae . On the surface of pneumococci, there are several virulence factors in addition to capsule. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a major virulence factor that presents on the surface of virtually all pneumococcal strains. PspA is also known to elicit protective immune responses and as a …

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A Cluster Analysis Based On The Health Belief Model Of Alacare Patients At High Risk For Osteoporosis, Elizabeth M. Kitchin Jan 2011

A Cluster Analysis Based On The Health Belief Model Of Alacare Patients At High Risk For Osteoporosis, Elizabeth M. Kitchin

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The prevalence of osteoporosis and subsequent fragility fractures will continue to rise as the American population ages. The high personal and medical costs of fragility fractures have been well documented. Taking calcium and vitamin D supplements are important strategies for lowering the risk of sustaining a fragility fracture and for improving the efficacy of prescription osteoporosis medications. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients in a home health setting in Alabama (Alacare) who are defined as high risk for a fragility fracture could be segmented via cluster analysis based on the constructs of the Osteoporosis Health Belief …

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Broad And Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited In Natural Hiv-2 Infection, Rui Kong Jan 2011

Broad And Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses Elicited In Natural Hiv-2 Infection, Rui Kong

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Little is known about the potency, breadth and epitope specificities of neutralizing antibody (Nab) responses elicited in natural HIV-2 infection. Analysis of plasma specimens from 64 HIV-2 chronically-infected subjects in a single round infectivity assay (JC53bl-13/TZM-bl) revealed median reciprocal IC50 Nab titers of 1.7x105, 2.8x104 and 3.3x104 against three primary virus strains, HIV-27312A, HIV-2ST and HIV-2UC1, respectively. A subset of 5 plasma samples was tested on 17 additional HIV-2 strains, and similarly high Nab titers were observed against all but four viruses. These Nab titers were higher, by orders of magnitude, than HIV-1 Nab titers in plasma from chronically infected …

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Structural And Functional Studies On Group A Streptococcal Bacteriophage Hyaluronidase, Joo Hyoung Lee Jan 2011

Structural And Functional Studies On Group A Streptococcal Bacteriophage Hyaluronidase, Joo Hyoung Lee

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Aberrant hyaluronan production is frequently associated with tumors where the elevated levels of tumoral hyaluronan are often associated with higher expression levels of cellular hyaluronidases that produce saturated hyaluronan fragments with divergent pro-tumoral activities. In this thesis, we provide evidence that different hyaluronan metabolism of bacteriophage hyaluronidase (HylP) elicits distinct alteration in breast cancer cell behavior. We demonstrate through comparative analysis with bovine testicular hyaluronidase (BTH) that higher enzyme activity, specificity for hyaluronan and production of unsaturated oligosaccharides render HylP to have profound effects on growth, migration and invasion activities of breast carcinoma cells, whereas BTH and its saturated metabolites …

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Multilayered Nanostructured Diamond Coatings For Temporomandibular Joint Prostheses, Leigh Booth Jan 2011

Multilayered Nanostructured Diamond Coatings For Temporomandibular Joint Prostheses, Leigh Booth

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Disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may lead to pain, discomfort and reduced function in many patients. When less invasive treatment methods have been exhausted, a TMJ prosthesis may be used to restore joint mobility and function. Currently available TMJ prosthesis designs feature metal-polyethylene or metal-on-metal wear couples; though these devices have been used to successfully restore joint function, the generation of wear debris may lead to adverse reactions at the implant site (such as inflammation or osteolysis). To further reduce wear and potentially increase the lifetime of these devices, nanostructured diamond (NSD) coatings on the articulating surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V …

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A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Exploring The Factors Influencing Middle Class African American Parental Choice In Education In Central Alabama, Paula G. Boyd Jan 2011

A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Exploring The Factors Influencing Middle Class African American Parental Choice In Education In Central Alabama, Paula G. Boyd

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One key issue facing urban schools is the mass exodus of middle class African American families to peripheral areas of the city center. Current research specific to Central Alabama documents how the creation of small school districts have affected both the out-migration of African Americans and the resegregation of urban schools; however, the analysis does not consider why middle class African American residents choose to live in a certain municipality. This qualitative study attempts to address the "why" aspect by exploring the perceptions of middle class African American parents in Central Alabama in regard to the educational choices they make. …

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Estrogen Increases Stress Resilience And Hippocampal Synaptic Physiology In The Learned Helplessness Model Of Depression In Female Rats, Teruko Michelle Bredemann Jan 2011

Estrogen Increases Stress Resilience And Hippocampal Synaptic Physiology In The Learned Helplessness Model Of Depression In Female Rats, Teruko Michelle Bredemann

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A recent focus of psychiatric research is estrogen related mood disorders such as postpartum depression and major depressive disorder in women. It is now clear that women are more susceptible to depression in response to stress during reproductive events when ovarian hormones are low or fluctuating. Depressive episodes are characterized by feelings of helplessness and despair as well as learning and memory impairments that have been linked to the hippocampus. Thus, decreased functioning of hippocampal circuits likely contributes to the cognitive symptoms associated with depression. Preclinical research shows that stress, which triggers depressive episodes, decreases the ability of excitatory synapses …

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The Predictability Of C-Reactive Protein, Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2, And Depression On Later Health Outcomes In Patients Experiencing A First-Time Stroke, Mary King Brethour Jan 2011

The Predictability Of C-Reactive Protein, Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2, And Depression On Later Health Outcomes In Patients Experiencing A First-Time Stroke, Mary King Brethour

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Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the most common cause of neurologic disability for adults in developed nations. Strokes trigger an acute inflammatory response prompted by brain tissue injury at the infarct site and the surrounding ischemic penumbra raising plasma levels of inflammatory markers. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase inflammatory marker, has been significantly correlated with infarct size and post-stroke complications. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) may also predict long-term cardiovascular risk in the stroke population. In addition to physiologic changes, up to 60% of all stroke survivors are known to experience depression, which may contribute to decreased …

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Role Of Ras Proteins In Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors, Nicole Marie Brossier Jan 2011

Role Of Ras Proteins In Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors, Nicole Marie Brossier

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Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) arising in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) are null for the tumor suppressor neurofibromin, a negative regulator of signaling from both classic Ras (H-Ras, N-Ras and K-Ras) and R-Ras (R-Ras, R-Ras2/TC21, M-Ras/R-Ras3) subfamily members. Treatment of these tumors with Ras-targeted agents such as farnesyltransferase inhibitors has proven unsuccessful, likely due to the inability of these agents to successfully target all of the Ras isoforms regulated by neurofibromin. Thus, determining which Ras isoforms are critical for MPNST pathogenesis would be of therapeutic value. In this dissertation, we first review the clinical manifestations of NF1 …

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The Marriage Proposal In The Nineteenth-Century British Novel, Kimberly Ann Broughton Jan 2011

The Marriage Proposal In The Nineteenth-Century British Novel, Kimberly Ann Broughton

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The proposal scene, as utilized by Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë, and Charles Dickens, is a volatile and instrumental moment in the course of the marriage plot. Entering the marriage conversation through the narrow window of the proposal scene provides a new understanding of the nineteenth-century British author's working commentary on marriage. In the nineteenth-century British novel, the marriage proposal becomes a finite moment that the author uses to encapsulate a couple's central challenge and/or crystallize one of the novel's prevailing tensions. Total bliss and contentment rarely appear in the proposal scene; in fact, more often than not, the proposal uncovers …

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Responses Of Two Heterokonts (Classes Phaeophyceae And Bacillariophyceae) To Environmental Variables Throughout Their Microenvironments, Anthony Philip Bucolo Jan 2011

Responses Of Two Heterokonts (Classes Phaeophyceae And Bacillariophyceae) To Environmental Variables Throughout Their Microenvironments, Anthony Philip Bucolo

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Behavioral responses to variations in the microenvironments of motile spores of the Antarctic epiphyte E. antarctica and the motile epiphytic diatom, Navicula sp. were investigated. Most macroalgal species along the Western Antarctic Peninsula are chemically defended against predation and are also mostly devoid of free living filamentous algal epiphytes. However, one endo/epiphyte, Elachista antarctica, is found growing exclusively out of the palatable rhodophyte Palmaria decipiens. Choice and no choice feeding assays with tissues of epiphyte and host were conducted in three different trials with four amphipods commonly found on P. decipiens to test whether meso-grazers prefer the host over the …

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The Traveling Bartender, Sara Christine Campbell Jan 2011

The Traveling Bartender, Sara Christine Campbell

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The Traveling Bartender is the first third of a longer, novel-length work exploring the challenges of relationships between real people in fantastical settings. The characters are faced with real life challenges in the relationships between spouses, partners, family, and friends.

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Altered Dna Methylation Of Repetitive Elements May Explain The Modified Risk Of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Cin) Associated With Genetic Polymorphisms Of The Folate Metabolic Pathway In The Us Post Folic Acid Fortification Era, Suguna Badiga Jan 2011

Altered Dna Methylation Of Repetitive Elements May Explain The Modified Risk Of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Cin) Associated With Genetic Polymorphisms Of The Folate Metabolic Pathway In The Us Post Folic Acid Fortification Era, Suguna Badiga

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Despite the controversy regarding the adverse effects of exposure to higher folate concentrations on health outcomes particularly cancer, there has been paucity of research to understand the biological mechanisms affected by such exposures in relation to the risk of developing pre-cancer or cancer. We have recently addressed this concern by demonstrating that higher plasma folate concentrations were not associated with greater risk of being diagnosed with higher grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) especially in women with sufficient plasma vitamin B12 concentrations. Higher plasma folate was also associated with a pre-cancer protective level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) …

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Fracture Strength Of All-Ceramic Restorations After Fatigue Loading, Balasudha Baladhandayutham Jan 2011

Fracture Strength Of All-Ceramic Restorations After Fatigue Loading, Balasudha Baladhandayutham

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Fracture strength of monolithic and bilayered LAVA and e. max lower molar crowns after load cycling was measured and compared. The study included three groups (n = 8) from LAVA zirconia and three groups from e. max lithium disilicate to compare influences of different layers, thicknesses and manufacturing techniques. Prefabricated anatomically designed crowns were cemented to dies made from Z 100 composite resin using Rely X Luting Plus resin modified glass ionomer cement. Cemented crowns were stored at 37° C for 24 hours then cyclic loaded to test fatigue properties. The crowns were loaded to 200,000 cycles at 25N at …

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Antimicrobial Effectiveness Of Silver-Releasing Elastomeric Ligature Ties, Matthew Christopher O'Dell Jan 2011

Antimicrobial Effectiveness Of Silver-Releasing Elastomeric Ligature Ties, Matthew Christopher O'Dell

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Introduction: Fixed appliances make satisfactory oral hygiene a greater challenge for the orthodontic patient. Improper oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment can cause enamel demineralization resulting in unesthetic white spot lesions. A new approach to providing protection against demineralization during treatment has been to incorporate antimicrobial agents into elastomeric ligature ties. A recent elastomeric ligature tie uses the antimicrobial characteristic of silver to help prevent formation of white spot lesions. The purpose of this in vitro study is to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of a silver-releasing elastomeric ligature tie (OrthoShield Safe-T-Tie) against Streptococcus mutans and compare its results with a selenium-containing …

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Role Of The Cystine/Glutamate Exchanger In Glioma Cell Biology, Toyin Adeyemi Ogunrinu Jan 2011

Role Of The Cystine/Glutamate Exchanger In Glioma Cell Biology, Toyin Adeyemi Ogunrinu

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Changes in the glioma microenvironment including oxygen (O2) levels, supply of amino acid such as L-glutamate and L-cystine and glutathione (GSH) concentrations play a critical role in glioma biology. Previous data from our laboratory and others have implicated the L-cystine/L-glutamate exchanger, system xc- in the invasion and proliferation of cancers including glioma. The central aim of this dissertation was to characterize the contribution of L-cystine uptake, GSH synthesis and L-glutamate release to migration and proliferation of glioma cells. In my first study, I examined the role of system xc- mediated L-glutamate release on glioma migration. I show that activation of …

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A Topological Approach To Shape Analysis And Alignment, Benjamin David O'Gwynn Jan 2011

A Topological Approach To Shape Analysis And Alignment, Benjamin David O'Gwynn

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When analyzing multiple mesh models, an important first step is to find the rigid transform that best aligns them. Many mesh alignment techniques exist, but because they treat input meshes as a collection of surface samples, they tend to be sensitive to surface variations between those meshes. We instead wish to align shapes based upon an analysis of mesh topology, thus making it possible to align shapes with similar part structures but varying surface geometry. To this end, we present a novel algorithm that extracts a curve-skeleton from a mesh based on its connectivity, rather than its surface geometry. We …

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Fenofibrate And Insulin Resistance, Corrie E. Paeglow Jan 2011

Fenofibrate And Insulin Resistance, Corrie E. Paeglow

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Both animal and human models suggest that fenofibrate, a medication widely prescribed to decrease triglycerides, also decreases insulin resistance. In the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) cohort, which included 780 individual who took 160 mg of micronized fenofibrate daily for three weeks, fenofibrate was found to decrease HOMA-IR by -0.24 units, (95% CI: -0.32, -0.14), insulin by -0.65 uU/mL (95% CI: -0.97, -0.34) and glucose by 2.46 mg/dL (95% CI: -2.51, -2.42). In a meta-analysis of 19 studies that included 1,297 individuals without diabetes and 196 individuals with diabetes treated with fenofibrate for three weeks or …

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Impact Of Site Development Techniques In The Soft Tissue Height On Single Implant Supported Prosthesis In The Anterior Maxilla, Juan Francisco Pardo Jan 2011

Impact Of Site Development Techniques In The Soft Tissue Height On Single Implant Supported Prosthesis In The Anterior Maxilla, Juan Francisco Pardo

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Background: Implant placement should be based on a restoration-oriented treatment plan with correct three-dimensional positioning to allow optimal support and stability of surrounding hard and soft tissues. After tooth extraction the alveolus remodels producing changes in the soft tissues contours. This may translate into the inability to place the implant or in a non-esthetic restoration. In contemporary esthetic implant dentistry, the main objective is to maintain the socket dimensions and soft tissue contours to allow ideal implant placement and to provide a harmonious restoration. Objective: To evaluate if socket grafting with FDBA with or without PRP or rhPDGF in site …

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The Effects Of Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptides On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, Toral Rohit Patel Jan 2011

The Effects Of Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptides On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, Toral Rohit Patel

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, including the United States. Atherosclerosis remains the primary cause of CAD, and is a leading target for drug treatments. Despite advances in treatments, many questions remain unanswered pertaining to the mechanisms of the treatments on inflammation and oxidative stress. We hypothesize that peptides 4F and Ac-hE18A-NH2 act as anti-inflammatory factors and reduce oxidative stress. We also hypothesize that these peptides require apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) to increase paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity. The effects of administering peptides 4F and Ac-hE18A-NH2 on oxidative stress were evaluated through the analysis of plasma from apoA-I-null …

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Which Components Of Joint Attention Are Critical For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders To Learn New Words?, Dana Smith Jan 2011

Which Components Of Joint Attention Are Critical For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders To Learn New Words?, Dana Smith

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Though established that language deficits comprise a core element of a definitive autism diagnosis, relatively less research has been conducted to understand the bases for impaired language abilities as compared to understanding the social deficits associated with the disorder. Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have impoverished joint attention (JA) abilities, evidenced by their relative difficulty both in initiating bids for JA as well as responding to them. Once accepted that JA was crucial in lexical development in typically developing (TD) children, recent trends have diverged from this perspective, shedding light on JA's role in lexical development in an …

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Homelessness In Birmingham, Al: An Analysis Using The Local Homeless Management Information System And Surveys From Local Supportive Housing Programs, Adrian Kendall Smith Jan 2011

Homelessness In Birmingham, Al: An Analysis Using The Local Homeless Management Information System And Surveys From Local Supportive Housing Programs, Adrian Kendall Smith

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A homeless management information system (HMIS) records and stores a client's demographic information and his/her service utilization history while allowing for case management opportunities between the client and service provider. HMISs are changing the way communities serve their homeless populations and how agencies serving the homeless interact with their clients and other agencies. With a focus on the city of Birmingham, its local HMIS, and the local agencies using HMIS this research seeks to answer the following questions: How can the homeless management information system help us to better understand the homeless population in Birmingham? What are the different approaches …

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Associations Among Measures Of Engagement With Kp.Org And Clinical Outcomes, Heather J. Sobko Jan 2011

Associations Among Measures Of Engagement With Kp.Org And Clinical Outcomes, Heather J. Sobko

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USING MEASURES OF ENGAGEMENT WITH KP.ORG TO DETERMINE ASSOCIATIONS WITH SELECTED CLINICAL OUTCOMES HEATHER J. SOBKO SCHOOL OF NURSING ABSTRACT Introduction The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to examine patterns of use of an electronic personal health record among adults diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Intermediate behavioral measures (medication possession ratios) and physiological measures of metabolic control for diabetes (hemoglobinA1c), hypertension (blood pressure) and hyperlipidemia (low density lipoprotein) were examined. Methods Administrative data from Kaiser Permanente Georgia were analyzed. Adult members of with selected chronic diseases of diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia who used the Kaiser Permanente electronic …

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Ultrasound Elasticity Measurements As A Predictor For Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation, Anna Sorace Jan 2011

Ultrasound Elasticity Measurements As A Predictor For Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation, Anna Sorace

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This research thesis examines the applicability of using ultrasound imaging to quantify arterial elasticity and assess potential of arteriovenous fistula maturation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Tissue-specific abnormalities have proven useful for identifying disease states within oncology, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. Using ultrasound-based imaging to evaluate arterial elasticity is a noninvasive and novel technique. It has the potential to contribute further insight into chronic kidney disease fistula failure and become a noninvasive prognostic indicator. Reliable vascular access is critical for delivery of adequate hemodialysis treatment to CKD patients and to maintain long-term connections for dialysis. An arteriovenous fistula is …

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Ionic Mechanism Of Post-Shock Arrhythmias: Role Of Intracellular Calcium, Brittany Sowell Jan 2011

Ionic Mechanism Of Post-Shock Arrhythmias: Role Of Intracellular Calcium, Brittany Sowell

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Background: Defibrillation shocks are commonly used to interrupt life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, but these strong electrical shocks may cause post-shock arrhythmias, the ionic mechanism of which is not well known. Strong shocks cause electroporation and diastolic Cai2+ increase, which may possibly lead to focal arrhythmias via spontaneous Cai2+ rise (SCR), activation of inward Na+-Ca2+ exchange current (INCX), and rise in membrane potential (Vm). The objective of this study was to examine the role of intracellular calcium and the Cai2+-dependent ionic mechanism in post-shock arrhythmias. Methods: Experiments were performed in patterned cultures of neonatal rat myocytes. Fluorescent dyes and two 16x16 photodiode …

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Molecular Piracy In The Mobilization Of Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenicity Island 1, Michael Spilman Jan 2011

Molecular Piracy In The Mobilization Of Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenicity Island 1, Michael Spilman

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Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage 80α is a temperate, double-stranded DNA phage that serves as a "helper" phage for the mobilization of several S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs), including SaPI1. When mobilized by 80α, SaPI1 genomes are packaged into smaller phage-like transducing particles composed of 80α capsid (gp47), scaffolding (gp46) and portal (gp42) proteins. In this dissertation, I utilize electron microscopy and biochemistry to tease apart the structural and genetic controls and consequences of SaPI1 as a molecular pirate. More specifically, I show that two SaPI1 proteins shift assembly from 63-nm, T = 7 icosahedral capsids to 47-nm, T = 4 capsids, …

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"The Role Of Health Promotion In Physical Therapy Survey" Reliability And Validity Testing", Jaca Stephens Jan 2011

"The Role Of Health Promotion In Physical Therapy Survey" Reliability And Validity Testing", Jaca Stephens

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ABSTRACT Purpose: Physical therapists (PTs) have a unique opportunity to play a meaningful role in educating patients on health and wellness to prevent chronic conditions, such as cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. No instrument has been validated to measure physical therapists' views on health promotion and their practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a health promotion survey designed for physical therapists. Method: An expert panel of 9 physical therapists assessed the content validity of "The Role of Health Promotion in Physical Therapy Survey." as developed by Rea …

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Calcium Dynamics Of Glial Cells And Genetic Influences On Behavior Of The Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans, Randy Franklin Stout Jan 2011

Calcium Dynamics Of Glial Cells And Genetic Influences On Behavior Of The Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans, Randy Franklin Stout

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A major challenge in neuroscience is understanding how the different neural cell types work together to process information and produce a behavioral output. Glial cells of the human brain have long been thought to act as support for the fundamental cell to cell communication at the core of cognition: neuronal synaptic communication. Research over the past several decades measuring glial activity and experimentally controlling glial cells in rodent model systems has shown that the two macroglia sub-types of glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) have active roles in establishment, maintenance, and modulation of synaptic communication in the mammalian brain. Much of …

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