Digital Commons Network^™

Characterisation Of Rapeseed Oil Based Resins Using Infrared And Thermogravimetry Techniques, L. Y. Mwaikambo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Rapeseed oil which is a triglyceride had undergone chemical modification on its structure to obtain hydroxyl groups. The hydroxylated chemical structure was crosslinked using methylene-pphenyl diisocyanate to produce a thermoset rapeseed oil resin. The cross linking process was monitored in situ using the Attenuated Total Internal Reflectance Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy and the thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The infrared technique was also used to monitor chemical groups of the unmodified rapeseed oil. A reduction of the absorption band around 3300 cm-1 which is due to the presence of hydroxyl groups was observed indicating the occurrence of the reaction between the hydroxylated rapeseed …

Landsat Remote Sensing Data As An Alternative Approach For Geological Mapping In Tanzania: A Case Study In The Rungwe Volcanic Province, South-Western Tanzania, E. E. Mshiu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Rungwe Volcanic Province (RVP) is mostly covered by extrusive rocks that overlain the Precambrian basement. The use of Landsat data in this area has revealed the need of effective use of these data in geological mapping programs in Tanzania. Landsat band ratios 5/1, 3/7, 5/7 and 5/4 as well as R: G: B composite images 7:4:1, 7:5:4, 1/3:5/7:3/5 and 4/5:6/7:4/6 played an important role in identifying different rock types in the study area. Ratio images managed clearly to distinguish between mafic and felsic rocks whereby two lithological blocks were identified, Block 1 covers a combination of intrusive and metamorphic rocks …

Growth Performance, Yields And Economic Benefits Of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus And Kales Brassica Oleracea Cultured Under Vegetable-Fish Culture Integration, A. P. Shoko, A. Getabu, G. Mwayuli, Y. D. Mgaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

An experiment was conducted for 210 days to demonstrate the role of vegetable-fish culture integration in the growth, yields and economic benefits of fish and vegetables. Two 200 m2 earthen fishponds were stocked with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at 20,000 fish fingerlings per hectare. Pond A was fertilized with chicken manure and stocked fish fed on 35% crude protein supplementary diet referred to here as treated fish pond (TFP). Another fish pond was not fertilized and the fish stocked in it did not receive any supplementary diet referred to here as non treated fish pond (NTFP). Twelve vegetable plots of …

Variability In Parasites’ Community Structure And Composition In Cat Fish With Respect To Level Of Pollution In Mwanza Gulf, Lake Victoria, Tanzania, C. J. Mwita

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study investigated the composition and structure of the parasite communities in Cat fish with respect to levels of water pollution in Lake Victoria. A total of 1071 Clarias gariepinus with mean TL range of 19 to 27 cm were analyzed from three localities in Mwanza Gulf (Kirumba, 298 fish infected with 15 parasite species), Nyegezi (376 fish, with 15 parasites species) and Malimbe (397 fish, with 16 parasites species). Trematodes and nematodes dominated the population with six (35.3%) and five (29.4%) species, respectively. Mean species richness and heteroxenous/monoxenous ratio showed significant changes (Fr = 8.000; p = 0.0046), being …

Two Phase Heuristic Algorithm For The University Course Timetabling Problem: The Case Of University Of Dar Es Salaam, A. R. Mushi, A. R. Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Science

University course timetabling is the problem of scheduling resources such as lecturers, courses, and rooms to a number of timeslots over a planning horizon, normally a week, while satisfying a number of problem-specific constraints. Since timetabling problems differ from one institution to another, this paper investigated the case of the University of Dar Es salaam, based on the combination of Simulated Annealing (SA), and steepest descent in a two-phase approach. Solutions have been generated which greatly outperform the manually generated ones. Furthermore, the method compares well with previous work on Tabu Search but with faster execution time and higher quality …

Petrography And Geochemistry Of Mafic Granulites Of The Ubendian Belt: Contribution To Insights Into The Lower Continental Crust Of The Paleoproterozoic, N. Boniface

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mafic granulites of the Ubendian Belt have geochemical signature, trace and REE patterns, similar to that of the lower continental crustal rocks. A SHRIMP U-Pb single zircon date at 1977±40 Ma indicates that these rocks belong to the Paleoproterozoic Ubendian orogenic cycle, which was followed by the Mesoproterozoic tectonic disturbance that contributed to their exhumation. Orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, garnet, hornblende, plagioclase and quartz is a frequent mineral assemblage for the mafic granulites of the Ubendian Belt, and garnet frequently form corona between plagioclase and clinopyroxene. Geothermobarometric calculations have revealed the equilibration of these rocks at a temperature range between 650 and …

Contact Metamorphism In The Supracrustal Rocks Of The Sukumaland Greenstone Belt In The North West Tanzania, N. Boniface

Tanzania Journal of Science

Biotite-granite intrusions in meta-ironstones at Geita Hills and the Bukoli alkali-granite intrusion in metabasites at Mawemeru area produced heat that baked the respective country rocks through epidote-amphibolite- to amphibolite-facies. Critical and informative mineral assemblages in the metairostones of Geita Hills are garnet-grunerite-epidote-quartz and garnetferrogedrite- biotite-quartz and in the metabasites of Mawemeru is ferrotschermakite-(Naplagioclase)- quartz. Peak temperatures ranging between 438°C and 544°C were calculated from the above mineral assemblages and a pressure not exceeding 3 kbar was inferred to from the composition of magnesium-iron amphiboles (grunerite with XFe ratio of 0.83, i.e. Gru83). Hornfels textures in the metaironstones are suggested by …

Identification Of Clay Minerals Of The Eastern Southern Region Of Lake Victoria By Ethylene Glycol And Heat: X-Ray Diffraction And Infrared Spectroscopy Studies, E. H. J. Lugwisha

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effect of glycol and heat on some clay minerals of the eastern southern region of Lake Victoria in Tanzania has been studied. First, Whole Rock Powder mount XRD analysis was carried out at the measuring range 2 # ranging between 2o – 65o. Four non-clay minerals found in samples were Na-feldspar, K-feldspar, pyrope and quartz. Oriented clay mineral XRD analysis diffractograms were developed when the air-dried samples were diffracted in measuring range 2# between 2oo – 32o. Main clay mineral groups found in the samples were kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. After glycolating the samples, it was evident that kaolinite …

Host-Parasites Relationship For Lake Victoria Clariid Fishes And Their Parasite Fauna, C. J. Mwita

Tanzania Journal of Science

Host-parasite co-evolutionary relationships for the clariid fish species of the Lake Victoria basin and their parasite fauna was inferred by cytochrome b gene and the 18S rDNA using ‘a strict coevolutionary’ constrained tree method, the results of which revealed a phylogenetic incongruence between the fish hosts and their parasite fauna. The present study further indicated that the sympatric association between the clariid hosts and non-clariid fishes in Lake Victoria makes it possible for the parasites to switch from one host to another and hence the large number of shared parasites observed. The specificity of some of the parasites, e.g. Diplostomum …

Implementation Of A Tabu Search Heuristic For The Examinations Timetabling Problem, A. R. Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper reports on the design and implementation of an algorithm for the construction of an examinations timetable. The Examinations Timetabling Problem is the problem of assigning examinations and candidates to time periods and examination rooms while satisfying a set of specific constraints. Every University has a different set of constraints and structure of examinations. Generally, timetabling problems are NP-Hard and therefore very difficult to solve. However, they are of great interest due to their important practical application in educational institutions. This paper discusses a heuristic algorithm basing on the examinations timetabling at the University of Dar es salaam. The …

Anthropogenic Disturbance On The Vegetation In Makurunge Woodland, Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, C. Mligo, C. Mligo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Makurunge woodland is part of the major vegetation component covering coastal forest landscape in Tanzania that has been severely affected by anthropogenic disturbance. The present study determined the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on biomass, diversity, plant communities and plant species distribution pattern using nested sample plots systematically established along transects. Six major vegetation communities with different biomass were found. Plant species diversity ranged from 2.5 to 3.3 and was high in scrub forests, riverine and thicketed habitats, although the difference among these habitats was not significant (P>0.05). About 61-90% of the woodland was affected and this influenced the plant …

Classification Of Plants According To Their Heavy Metal Content Around North Mara Gold Mine, Tanzania: Implication For Phytoremediation, N. Mganga, Mlk Manoko, Z. K. Rulangaranga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Plants like other living organisms respond differently under different environmental conditions. An elevated level of heavy metals is one of the stresses which results into three classes of plants depending on their heavy metal content. The classes of plant species according to their accumulated heavy metals around North Mara Gold Mine were not known. To study such classes, a line transect of 700m long was established opposite the gold mine wastes. A total of eight sampling points were systematically established each after every 100m in that transect. Fifteen plant species were sampled; at least one species per sampling point. Approximately …

Evaluation Of Single-Step Steam Pyrolysis-Activated Carbons From Lesotho Agro-Forestry Residues, I. Hapazari, V. Ntuli, W. Parawira

Tanzania Journal of Science

Activated carbon has been widely used worldwide as an effective filtration or adsorption material for removing biological and chemical contaminants from drinking water. The potential of producing activated carbon (AC) from local agroforestry residues by single-step steam pyrolysis processes was investigated. The research aims to promote innovative use of local raw materials and relatively low-cost techniques in production of activated carbon. Four varieties of activated carbons from four different agroforestry residues, pine (Pinus contorta) cones (PC), Abies (Abies cilicica) seeds (AS), maple (Acer ginnala) seeds (MS) and peach (Prunus persica) stones (PS), were prepared and evaluated. The ACs were evaluated …

Financial-Linkages And Cost Efficiency: Lessons From Tanzanian Microfinance Cooperatives, Esther Ishengoma

Business Management Review

This paper attempts to examine the effect of financial linkages on cost margin and efficiency of microfinance cooperatives (MCs) in Tanzania. Based on data from six focus group discussions comprising 112 managers from 102 MCs, the paper starts by exploring the nature of linkages between commercial banks and MCs. It further applies quantitative analyses: the stochastic frontier and semi-logarithm regression models to examine the effect financial linkages on cost efficiency and cost margin. The paper reveals that financial linkages increase cost margin and inefficiency of MCs. It therefore enlightens MCs ' stakeholders on the possible explanations of the positive effects …

University - Industry Linkage In Tanzania And Its Impact On Smes ' Development, Erasmus Shubi Kaijage

Business Management Review

The objective of this study was to identify the level of interaction between Tanzanian universities and industry and to analyze the effectiveness of university-industry linkage in contributing to the development of industry and particularly of SMEs in Tanzania. The study was carried out in 2007 to investigate the relationship between universities and industry using the University of Dar es Salaam and Sokoine University of Agriculture as cases, and using a sample of thirty five businesses in Tanzania located in Dar es Salaam. Officials of government ministries and agencies were interviewed and policy documents were reviewed to determine the influence of …

Increasing The Competitive Strengths Of Tanzanian Tourism Firms-The Strategic Role Of Information Technology, Tumsifu Elly, Hakan Boter

Business Management Review

This study investigates the relationship between information technology (IT) and firms ' competitive advantage. A conceptual model hypothesizing the relationship between human and IT resources and their influence on firms ' capabilities and competitive advantage is conceived. Market and resource-based views are applied to investigate what differentiates firms ' performance as they deploy IT. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to validate the model and test the hypothesized relationships using 217 cases of SMTEs in Tanzania. The findings demonstrate that IT value depends on both IT and human resources. Industry-specific skills, knowledge and experience and managements ' skills, knowledge and experience …

Factors Influencing The Effectiveness Of Maintenance Of Construction Equipment, S. M. Mongomongo, Emmanuel A. M. Mjema

Business Management Review

The objective of this study was to establish the factors influencing the effectiveness of maintenance of Construction Equipment (CE). The methodology used included literature review, observation, interviews, and questionnaire. The established factors influencing the effectiveness of maintenance of CE include: wrong perception of users of the effect of maintenance on productivity and on effectiveness of the machine; failure of the owners and users to comprehend the importance of outsourcing maintenance, which denies the companies the opportunity of using specialised expertise of OEM personnel trained in maintenance given that the companies have maintenance personnel with a low level of skills. Therefore …

The East African Community (Eac) And Its Influence On Tanzania's Manufactured Exports Intensity And Competitiveness, Deusdedit Rwehumbiza

Business Management Review

This paper examines the relationship between the revived EAC and both export intensity and competitiveness of Tanzania ' s manufactured exports in the East African region. The study uses simple descriptive statistics, which is later supplemented with export intensity and export competitiveness models (also termed as indices) to determine the dynamics and competitiveness of Tanzania ' s intra-EAC manufactured exports. Manufactured export intensity is above 100 whereas export competitiveness is found to have increased but below unit since the establishment of the current EAC. Concerted efforts should be taken within both, Tanzania and the EAC as a whole so as …

Ada News - 12/12/2011, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

The Alien Terrorist Removal Court And Other National Security Measures You May Have Never Heard Of: The Need For Comprehensive National Security Reform, Emily C. Kendall

Texas Wesleyan Law Review

In light of the decade that has passed since 2001, cooler heads have prevailed. Advancements in technology and information-seeking have paved the way to prune unnecessary laws that are archaic, redundant, in many instances contradictory, and which merely frustrate the real policy behind these laws: safeguarding the U.S. and its citizens. To assist in this pruning, this Article presents a comprehensive plan for national security reform, specifically involving immigration, with an emphasis on the agency tasked with its implementation-the Department of Homeland Security. In light of this goal, Section II provides a brief background into the U.S.'s current approach to …

United States Aid To Kenya: A Study On Regional Security And Counterterrorism Assistance Before And After 9/11, Samuel L. Aronson

African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies

Following 9/11 and the beginning of the global War on Terror, it became obvious that the United States needed an ally in East Africa. Kenya, a country that has remained relatively stable while surrounded by regional insecurities, was chosen by the U.S. as an African ally to which large sums of aid and resources would be sent. United States assistance to Kenya is largely given for developmental and humanitarian purposes but millions of dollars each year are directed specifically towards regional security and anti-terrorism. This observational paper highlights the differences in U.S. aid to Kenya before and after 2001. Using …

Urban Bus Services In Developing Countries And Countries In Transition: A Framework For Regulatory And Institutional Developments, Brendan Finn, Corinne Mulley

Journal of Public Transportation

Urban passenger transport has experienced major change in many developing countries in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, as well as in countries of political and/or economic transition in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and China. Such changes have included planned market opening to private operators and new entrants; unplanned market opening by the entry of unlicensed operators; privatization and other changes to the ownership base of large public-sector transport companies; emergence of large-scale minibus and paratransit; and national and urban policies and programs to upgrade the transport supply and quality. This paper presents a framework to understand regulatory …

Imperial Education And The Crisis Of Political Leadership In Postcolonial Kenya, Mwangi D. Njagi

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation examines how imperial education contributed to the crisis of Kenya's postcolonial political leadership. It argues that the system of education inaugurated by the agents of European imperialism, having banished imaginative political leadership of pre-colonial African society and embedded itself as the superior alternative, fashioned African political elite who could not be relied upon to spearhead modernization of their societies. Instead, these elite became more adroit at preserving the same instruments of colonial state that had been used to subjugate Africans. The study reassesses our understanding of colonial education in the context of African colonialism, showing that the common …

Slaves, Trains, And Missionaries: British Moral Imperialism And The Development Of Precolonial East Africa, 1873-1901, Daniel Woulfin

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation explores the role of moral imperialism in the late nineteenth century expansion of the British Empire using East Africa as a case study. Moral imperialism, the ideology that argued that the British had a moral duty to "civilize, "Christianize, "uplift, and economically "develop" non-Europeans and their territories, has not been taken as seriously by historians as other factors for British expansion, namely economic arguments and strategic geopolitics by British officials. By applying Alan Lester's model of three categories of colonial discourse in nineteenth century South Africa: governmentality, humanitarianism, and settler capitalism to East Africa between 1873 and 1901, …

Informal Support To First-Parents After Childbirth: A Qualitative Study In Low-Income Suburbs Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Columba Mbekenga, Andrea B. Pembe, Kyllike Christensson, Elisabeth Darj, Pia Olsson

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: In Tanzania, and many sub-Saharan African countries, postpartum health programs have received less attention compared to other maternity care programs and therefore new parents rely on informal support. Knowledge on how informal support is understood by its stakeholders to be able to improve the health in families after childbirth is required. This study aimed to explore discourses on health related informal support to first-time parents after childbirth in low-income suburbs of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: Thirteen focus group discussions with first-time parents and female and male informal supporters were analysed by discourse analysis.

Results: The dominant discourse was …

Realizing The Human Right To Water In Tanzania, Leticia K. Nkonya

Human Rights Brief

No abstract provided.

Nor'easter News Volume 5 Issue 5, Nor'easter News Staff

Nor'easter News

The forty-fourth issue of the University of New England's student-run newspaper, Nor'easter News.

Islam And The Relation Of Science And The Qur'an, Mohd Yakub @ Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff, Majid Danehsgar

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The relation of science and religion is one of the most important interdisciplinary issues in the world from the past to the present. Any kinds of religion generally brought about a new challenging discussion with science; Islam and its scriptures are not exceptions in this case. The Qur'an as a main Islamic scripture has a direct relation with science and scientific matters according to many thinkers' declarations; it is obvious that there are opponents for this subject, on the other side. The purpose of this paper is to examine main categories of the relation of science and religion and then …

Gangs Of New York Are Terrorists? The Misapplication Of The New York Antiterrorism Statute Due To The Lack Of Comprehensive Gang Legislation, Chantal Tortoroli

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

Part I of this Note details the background of the New York antiterrorism statute. It explains the relevant legislative history, as well as the structure and wording of the statute. Part II explores the controversial application of the New York antiterrorism statute to a gang member in the Bronx, setting out the arguments for and against its application, made by the Bronx District Attorney's Office and Morales, respectively.

Part III argues that the statute was inappropriately applied against a New York City gang member, an application which was permissible due to vague terms within the statute. By clarifying certain …

Tanzania And The Geo-Politics Of Rural Development: The Return Of Neoliberalism, Lindah Mhando

Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets

Modernization as development in the Post-War era was a compelling model for even critical scholars, as post-colonial societies sought growth and development as independent nations. This essay explores lessons from the Tanzanian case, in order to determine whether globalization is a similarly seductive, yet insufficient model for development in the current period. Looking at the intensive changes in Tanzania’s largely rural economy, from colonialism, to the ‘self-reliance’ of pre-villagization, and then Ujamaa or villagization, development and demographic trends and migration effects are analyzed. In light of these findings, implications for the contemporary period are considered. Demographic changes, urbanization, weak economic …