Digital Commons Network^™

How Constitutional Theory Matters, Jamal Greene

Faculty Scholarship

It is impossible to understand the present moment in progressive constitutionalism without engaging a stock narrative given iconic articulation more than a decade ago by originalist scholar Randy Barnett. According to this narrative, conservatives in the 1980s, prodded by Edwin Meese III's Justice Department, rallied around originalism, and particularly "original intentions" originalism, as a politically congenial and intellectually satisfying approach to constitutional interpretation. They were defeated in the courts of academic and political opinion due in part to a series of unanswerable criticisms from liberal legal scholars such as Paul Brest and H. Jefferson Powell, and in part to the …

Minimalism And Experimentalism In The Administrative State, Charles F. Sabel, William H. Simon

Faculty Scholarship

This Article identifies and appraises the two most promising alternatives to the "command-and-control" style of public administration that was dominant from the New Deal to the 1980s but is now in disfavor The first – minimalism – emphasizes public interventions that incorporate market concepts and practices while also centralizing and minimizing administrative discretion. The second – experimentalism – emphasizes interventions in which the central government affords broad discretion to local administrative units but measures and assesses their performance in ways designed to induce continuous learning and revision of standards. Minimalism has been prominent in legal scholarship and in the policy …

Book Review Of Michelle Oberman’S And Cheryl L. Meyer’S “When Mothers Kill: Interviews From Prison”, Michael L. Perlin

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Minority Practice, Majority's Burden: The Death Penalty Today, James S. Liebman, Peter Clarke

Faculty Scholarship

Although supported in principle by two-thirds of the public and even more of the States, capital punishment in the United States is a minority practice when the actual death-sentencing practices of the nation's 3000-plus counties and their populations are considered This feature of American capital punishment has been present for decades, has become more pronounced recently, and is especially clear when death sentences, which are merely infrequent, are distinguished from executions, which are exceedingly rare.

The first question this Article asks is what forces account for the death-proneness of a minority of American communities? The answer to that question – …

Using A Positive Lens To Complicate The Positive In Identity Research, Jane Dutton, Laura Morgan Roberts, Jeffrey Bednar

Faculty Publications

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Learmonth and Humphreys’ commentary on our article, “Pathways for Positive Identity Construction at Work: Four Types of Positive Identity and the Building of Social Resources” (2010). In this rejoinder we clarify our motivation for studying positive identity, make explicit our a priori assumptions, and engage our colleagues’ ideas about employee resistance to demonstrate how our typology of positive identities enriches understanding of identity-based mechanisms in organizational research. We hope this exchange will stimulate discussion and open new pathways for future research.

Australian Family Leisure: Modelling Parent And Youth Data, Raymond A. Poff, Ramon Zabriskie, Jasmine A. Townsend

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to test a recently developed broad structural model which examines the relationships between family leisure involvement, family functioning, family communication, family leisure satisfaction, and satisfaction with family life among a large sample of families from Australia (n = 1014). participating families provided responses to family variables from both a parent (n = 902) and an adolescent child (n = 810) in the household. Structural equation modelling was employed and the fit indices from the parent and youth structural equation models were quite similar to each other, with both exhibiting a reasonable fit of the …

Accounting Doctoral Program Rankings Based On Research Productivity Of Program Graduates, Nathaniel M. Stephens, Scott L. Summers, Brady Williams, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

This paper presents rankings of accounting doctoral programs based on the research productivity of each institution’s graduates in the years immediately following their graduation. We use two time periods for analysis: the first three years after graduation and the first six years after graduation. We extend previous doctoral program ranking literature by expanding rankings of accounting doctoral programs with specific rankings for topical areas (accounting information systems (AIS), audit, financial, managerial, and tax) and methodologies (analytical, archival, and experimental). We show that rankings for topical and methodological areas differ significantly from rankings produced using methodologies that create a singular doctoral …

C. S. Lewis And René Girard On Desire, Conversion, And Myth: The Case Of Till We Have Faces, Curtis A. Gruenler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Analysts’ Accrual-Related Over-Optimism: Do Analyst Characteristics Play A Role?, Michael S. Drake, Linda A. Myers

Faculty Publications

Bradshaw, Richardson, and Sloan (2001) find that analyst forecast over-optimism is greater for firms with high accruals. This “accrual-related over-optimism” is generally interpreted as evidence that analyst forecasts do not fully incorporate predictable earnings reversals associated with high accruals. We investigate whether analyst experience, access to resources (brokerage size), and portfolio complexity moderate the relation between over-optimistic forecasts and high accruals. We demonstrate the robustness of accrual-related over-optimism to controls for cash flow and prior forecast errors. We find that accrual-related over-optimism is lower for analysts with greater general experience and for analysts following fewer firms but find only limited …

Portrayals Of Bullying In Childr Als Of Bullying In Children’S Pictur S Picture Books And Implications E Books And Implications For Bibliotherapy, Tina Dyches, Emily Moulton, Melissa Allen Heath, Mary Anne Prater

Faculty Publications

Bullying, a serious issue in today’s schools, negatively impacts children. This article summarizes research and emphasizes the need for effective tools, such as bibliotherapy, to deter bullying. To assist professionals in selecting books for bibliotherapy, 38 bully-themed children’s K-3 picture books ranked 1- 4 by The Horn Book Guide (HBG) from January 1, 2004 through January 1, 2010 were analyzed. Comparisons were made between the selected books’ portrayals of bullying and aspects of bullying, and bully prevention described in research literature. Information was summarized, including the following details: (a) gender of bully and victim, (b) type of bullying, (c) location …

Effects Of Animal-Assisted Therapy On Behavior And Reading In The Classroom, Ashley Elizabeth Booten

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Research has shown that the presence of a therapy dog in the classroom should elicit a calming effect, reduce stress, and promote positive interactions among peers and adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect a therapy dog has on behavior and reading in the classroom. Specifically, the study will be comparing behavior gradesand reading scores for two groups of students: one that received Animal Assisted Therapy and one that did not receive Animal Assisted Therapy. Data were collected from two fifth-grade classrooms. There were 17 fifth-grade students in the experimental groupand 15 in the control group. …

A Systematic Approach For Engagement Analysis Under Multitasking Environments, Guangfan Zhang, John Leddo, Roger Xu, Carl Richey, Tom Schnell, Frederick Mckenzie, Jiang Li, Thomas E. Pinelli (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

An overload condition can lead to high stress for an operator and further cause substantial drops in performance. On the other extreme, in automated systems, an operator may become underloaded; in which case, it is difficult for the operator to maintain sustained attention. When an unexpected event occurs, either internal or external to the automated system, a disengaged operation may neglect, misunderstand, or respond slowly/inappropriately to the situation. In this paper, we discuss a systematic approach monitor for extremes of cognitive workload and engagement in multitasking environments. Inferences of cognitive workload and engagement are based on subjective evaluations, objective performance …

Cooperative Learning And Peer Tutoring To Improve Third-Grade Students’ Test Scores On Grade-Level Assessment, Francina Y. Thurston

Abraham S. Fischler College of Education ETD Archive

This applied dissertation was designed to utilize learning strategies that emphasized small-group instructions where students work together cooperatively and with peers to achieve mastery. Traditionally, the classroom practices used in this school lent themselves primarily to whole-class instructions that emphasized competitive and individualistic goals rather than small groups and cooperative practices. The multistrategy used in this study sought to shift the focus of classroom instructions away from what was traditional. However, the introduction of the multistrategy that called for small group teaching required training for teachers and students.

The writer developed several solution strategies that trained students and teachers in …

Psychometric Testing Of The Children's Resourcefulness Scale, Jaclene A. Zauszniewski, Abir K. Bekhet, Elizabeth Bonham

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

PROBLEM: Resourcefulness is known to reduce depression in adults, but its effects on children are less well known, possibly for lack of a psychometrically sound measure.

METHODS: This study examined the reliability and validity of the 32-item Children's Self-Control Scale (C-SCS), which measures resourcefulness, in 122 school-aged children.

FINDINGS: Standard scale refinement methods produced a 10-item scale with α = .72 and correlations with the C-SCS (r = .86), positive thoughts (r = .38), and depressive symptoms (r = –.32). Factor analysis revealed two factors: problem-solving and delay of gratification.

CONCLUSIONS: The 10-item scale may be …

The Relationship Of Anxiety, Coping, Thinking Style, Life Satisfaction, Social Support, And Selected Demographics Among Young Adult College Students, Jihan Saber Raja Mahmoud

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Anxiety is prevalent among 13 % of young adult college students and is associated with emotional and behavioral consequences that adversely affect their mental and physical well-being. The major challenge for implementing evidence-based interventions is the lack of a multidimensional approach for evaluating anxiety in this population.

The purpose of this dissertation was to develop an evidence-based theoretical framework for studying the phenomenon of anxiety in young adult college students. Three studies were conducted to achieve this purpose. First, the psychometric properties of the 21-item shortened version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were evaluated in a sample …

Understanding Interactive Experiences: Perceived Interactivity And Presence With And Without Other Avatars In The Online Virtual World Second Life, Jennifer Lynn Robinette

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Interactivity research lacks consensus regarding the qualities and consequences of interactive experiences. Empirical proof is needed to substantiate the numerous interactivity theories and provide direction for new media technology developers. Specifically, there is a shortage of research on differences between user experiences of interactivity when technology enables communication versus when it does not. In addition, interactivity research is often confounded by the construct of presence.

This study’s objectives included: 1) identifying qualities associated with interactive experiences; 2) disambiguating the constructs of interactivity and presence; and 3) developing a measure of perceived interactivity for VW research. The experimental design measured perceived …

Texting In The Presence Of Others: The Use Of Politeness Strategies In Conversation, Jennifer Ann Maginnis

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The following study used politeness theory to explore the impact of simultaneously engaging in a face to face conversation and a text message conversation. Specifically the study used Brown and Levinson’s (1978, 1987) five original politeness strategies to see whether strategy choice (in the face to face conversation) impacts the face threat present in engaging in multiple conversations. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to understand the impact different politeness strategies had on the following variables: conversational appropriateness, relational/social appropriateness, immediacy, attentiveness, and politeness. Findings show that when a face to face partner ignores (no verbal/nonverbal politeness) a text message …

The Relationship Of Personality Preferences And Type To Health-Promoting Behaviors, Alcohol Use, And Cigarette Smoking, Billy Fredrick Martin

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

An individual’s personality traits and characteristics have been found to have an important relationship with health behaviors. However, there has been minimal research conducted with personality types. The purpose of the study was to examine the predictive relationship among MBTI® personality preferences and types and both selected health-promoting and selected risk-taking behaviors among residential college students. Furthermore, several potential mediating demographic variables were added to the study to determine their predictive relationship and if they should be entered into a model for the selected health behaviors.

The study used a cross-sectional design with two self-report instruments and demographic questionnaire. The …

Examining The Role Of Personality, Peers, And The Transition To College On Substance Use, Ursula Louise Bailey

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

It is well established that there is an increase in substance use among college students. In the literature, this increase in use has been attributed to different personality factors, such as sensation seeking. However, what has not received sufficient attention is the possibility that the new peer groups, afforded by the transition to college, introduce unique influence on the relationship between personality and substance use. The purposes of the current study were to explore whether personality predicted substance use across the transition to college whether peer substance use moderated that relationship.

The current study examined developmentally the relations among personality, …

Psychometric Properties Of The Pressure To Move Scale In Relocated American Older Adults: Further Evaluation, Abir K. Bekhet, Jaclene Zauszniewski, Wagdy E. Nakhla

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The number of elders who relocate to retirement communities is increasing exponentially, and their ability to exercise free choice, personal control, and autonomy has been associated with relocation adjustment and positive outcomes in regard to physical, emotional, and social well-being. Although a measure of relocation controllability (the degree of personal control associated with the move) exists, there is limited evidence of its psychometric adequacy. This study tested the reliability and validity of the Pressure to Move Scale (PTMS). A convenience sample of 104 American elders who relocated to six Northeast Ohio retirement communities was recruited. Study participants completed the nine-item …

Psychometric Properties Of A Measure Of Acceptance Of Long-Standing Health Problems, Patricia Mcdonald, Jaclene Zauszniewski, Abir K. Bekhet

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Acceptance of chronic illness is important for health promotion and for improving the quality of life of elders with chronic conditions. Thus, a reliable and valid measure of acceptance is needed for this population. Currently available measures of acceptance do not focus specifically on accepting chronic conditions. This study of 176 elders with chronic conditions examined the psychometric properties of an adapted measure of acceptance—the Ideas About Long-Standing Health Problems (IALHP) questionnaire. Although the findings provided beginning evidence for internal reliability and construct validity to support its potential usefulness in elders, further scale development is recommended.

Measuring Use Of Resourcefulness Skills: Psychometric Testing Of A New Scale, Abir K. Bekhet

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Highly resourceful individuals have been found better able to meet life's challenges and to experience more positive health outcomes. Although psychometrically sound measures of resourcefulness exist and resourcefulness training trials show that the intervention increases adaptive functioning and enhances quality of life, there is no direct measure of intervention fidelity. This study examined the reliability and validity of an 8-item Resourcefulness Skills Scale (RSS), which measures the frequency with which intervention recipients use specific resourcefulness skills. The RSS was found to have acceptable internal consistency (� = .78), criterion-related validity (�'s = .50 and .52 with other resourcefulness scales), and …

Could Self-Efficacy Relate To Workforce Issues For Rural Physiotherapists With A Specialist Paediatric Caseload? A Literature Review, Monica Minisini, Lorraine Sheppard, Anne Jones

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Rural physiotherapists may need to extend their skills to address the lack of allied health service provision in rural areas but will do so based on their perceived self-efficacy. This narrative review aims to understand self-efficacy amongst rural physiotherapists and contributing factors to self-efficacy, especially in the specialised area of paediatrics.Method: A search of the literature was undertaken to understand the self-efficacy of rural physiotherapists who are expected to undertake specialist paediatric cases. Databases searched included CINAHL, PEDro, Informit, Proquest, PubMed, and Ovid. Articles were assessed for quality in accordance with the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) evidence …

Development Of An After-School Wellness Club To Promote Physical Activity And Healthy Lifestyle, Eric M. Lamberg, Raymond F. Mckenna

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Childhood overweight and obesity is a serious national health problem that can lead to overweight and obesity in adulthood. Many programs have been developed to “treat” children already classified as overweight or obese. However, they represent reactionary strategies to a preventable problem. This paper describes the development of a school-based program to promote physical activity and healthy lifestyle to all students regardless of weight. Results from the initial pilot are presented, and barriers and methods to overcome these barriers are discussed. Methods: Move your Feet! is an elementary-school-based after-school club that promotes physical activity and healthy lifestyle. Attendance was recorded, …

Incorporating Evidence In Clinical Education; Barriers And Opportunities In Allied Health, Clare Delany, Andrea Bailocerkowski

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Clinical education is a key component of health professional education. Clinical educators, like clinicians, are increasingly expected to access and apply evidence from clinical education theories to inform their teaching methods and approaches. Purpose: This study evaluated personal and organizational factors that influenced the ability to access and apply clinical education research evidence into clinical teaching in a group of allied health practitioners at one large metropolitan hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Method: A Cross-sectional survey based on a previously published survey of clinical physiotherapists was custom-designed to examine the factors that influence evidence based practices (EBP) of a range of …

Providing Care To Patients With Aids: How Prepared Are Nigerian Physiotherapists, Adetoyeje Y. Oyeyemi, Adewale L. Oyeyemi, Stanley M. Maduagwu, Abubakar Umar

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Adequate knowledge and core affective traits are important for effective management of patients with contagious diseases or conditions like AIDS. This study aimed to assess Nigerian physiotherapists’ cognitive and affective traits in providing care to patients living with AIDS (PWA). Methods: Physiotherapists across Nigeria (N=132) were surveyed using a 43-item questionnaire that elicited information on their demographic characteristics, knowledge of transmission, universal precaution and pathophysiology on AIDS, their feeling of preparedness, comfort, ethical disposition to care for PWA and their willingness to assess and provide intervention to PWA in different clinical scenarios.Results: The physiotherapists’ knowledge of AIDS pathophysiology was unsatisfactory, …

Review Of "The Rise And Fall Of Theological Enlightenment: Jean-Martin De Prades And Ideological Polarization In Eighteenth-Century France" By Jeffrey Burson, Ulrich Lehner

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Ecclesial Meaning Of The Eucharist, Susan Wood

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Judgmental Heuristics And News Reporting, Sharon Dunwoody, Robert J. Griffin

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Facing Up To The Media: Walter Ong And The Embrace Of Technology, John J. Pauly

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.