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2011

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Underwater Timber Harvesting On The Volta Lake : Implications For The Environment And Transportation, Nana Raymond Lawrence. Ofosu-Boateng Dec 2011

Underwater Timber Harvesting On The Volta Lake : Implications For The Environment And Transportation, Nana Raymond Lawrence. Ofosu-Boateng

World Maritime University Dissertations

This dissertation is a study of the ramifications of underwater timber harvest for the environment and marine transport safety. The study is focused on the Volta Lake, located in Ghana. The work begins with a brief account of underwater timber harvesting in other parts of the world. Particular attention is paid to the modus operandi employed in the harvest and the effects for the country or region where this is taking place. A summary of the benefits and problems of underwater timber harvest is noted, following the selected global account. The dissertation then narrates the history of how timber came …

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The Role Of The Ship Breaking Industry In Bangladesh And Its Future With Special Emphasis On Capacity Building Through Education And Training, Kazi A.B.M. Shameem Dec 2011

The Role Of The Ship Breaking Industry In Bangladesh And Its Future With Special Emphasis On Capacity Building Through Education And Training, Kazi A.B.M. Shameem

World Maritime University Dissertations

The ship breaking is considered to be the most sustainable way of disposing end of life ships. Incentives behind the development of the shipbreaking industry are multi-faceted, among which economic benefits and employment opportunities are most prominent. Yet the industry received much attention globally due to many fatal accidents causing loss of life, degradation of environmental due to the prevailing unsafe working practices especially in south Asia. This dissertation is a study to understand the shipbreaking in general with influencing factors for driving and holding its position in south Asia particularly in Bangladesh. The shipping & demolition market dynamics analyzed …

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Global Approach And Regional Cooperation Of Black Sea Countries On The Problem Of Invasive Species, Anna Rabotnova Dec 2011

Global Approach And Regional Cooperation Of Black Sea Countries On The Problem Of Invasive Species, Anna Rabotnova

World Maritime University Dissertations

The productivity of water ecosystems plays a significant role in the development of human society. People delimitate oceans and the seas, however, ocean creatures are not familiar with those boundaries exist for them. They freely “travel” all over the world in and on ships, invade new ecosystems and harm them. Invasive alien species are now globally recognized as one of the biggest problems in shipping, which impacts environment, social economics and human health. Due to the international nature of shipping, it is positively to eliminate the problem of invasive species, but only to find the most efficient ways of controlling …

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Study On The Assessment Of Seafarers' Fatigue, Huanxin. Wang Dec 2011

Study On The Assessment Of Seafarers' Fatigue, Huanxin. Wang

World Maritime University Dissertations

Global concern about the issue of fatigue at sea is widely evident across the shipping industry. Fatigue-induced human errors have been identified as major contributing factors in most maritime accidents. This paper attempts to explore an approach to evaluate the degree of seafarers’ fatigue and to propose some suggestions on fatigue prevention and management. According to the definition given by the IMO, Fatigue is a state of feeling tired, weary, or sleepy that results from prolonged mental or physical work, extended periods of anxiety, exposure to harsh environments, or loss of sleep. The effects of fatigue are impaired performance and …

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Ann Application In Maritime Industry : Baltic Dry Index Forecasting & Optimization Of The Number Of Container Cranes, Han Cui Dec 2011

Ann Application In Maritime Industry : Baltic Dry Index Forecasting & Optimization Of The Number Of Container Cranes, Han Cui

World Maritime University Dissertations

This dissertation is a study of dry bulk freight index forecasting and port planning, both based on Artificial Neural network application. First the dry bulk market is reviewed, and the reason for the high fluctuation of freight rates through the demand-supply mechanism is examined. Due to the volatile BDI, the traditional linear regression forecasting method cannot guarantee the performance of forecasting, but ANN overcomes this difficulty and gives better performance especially in a short time. Besides, in order to improve the performance of ANN further, wavelet is introduced to pre-process the BDI data. But when the noise (high frequency parts) …

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Implementation Of A Tabu Search Heuristic For The Examinations Timetabling Problem, A. R. Mushi Dec 2011

Implementation Of A Tabu Search Heuristic For The Examinations Timetabling Problem, A. R. Mushi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper reports on the design and implementation of an algorithm for the construction of an examinations timetable. The Examinations Timetabling Problem is the problem of assigning examinations and candidates to time periods and examination rooms while satisfying a set of specific constraints. Every University has a different set of constraints and structure of examinations. Generally, timetabling problems are NP-Hard and therefore very difficult to solve. However, they are of great interest due to their important practical application in educational institutions. This paper discusses a heuristic algorithm basing on the examinations timetabling at the University of Dar es salaam. The …

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Classification Of Plants According To Their Heavy Metal Content Around North Mara Gold Mine, Tanzania: Implication For Phytoremediation, N. Mganga, Mlk Manoko, Z. K. Rulangaranga Dec 2011

Classification Of Plants According To Their Heavy Metal Content Around North Mara Gold Mine, Tanzania: Implication For Phytoremediation, N. Mganga, Mlk Manoko, Z. K. Rulangaranga

Tanzania Journal of Science

Plants like other living organisms respond differently under different environmental conditions. An elevated level of heavy metals is one of the stresses which results into three classes of plants depending on their heavy metal content. The classes of plant species according to their accumulated heavy metals around North Mara Gold Mine were not known. To study such classes, a line transect of 700m long was established opposite the gold mine wastes. A total of eight sampling points were systematically established each after every 100m in that transect. Fifteen plant species were sampled; at least one species per sampling point. Approximately …

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Evaluation Of Single-Step Steam Pyrolysis-Activated Carbons From Lesotho Agro-Forestry Residues, I. Hapazari, V. Ntuli, W. Parawira Dec 2011

Evaluation Of Single-Step Steam Pyrolysis-Activated Carbons From Lesotho Agro-Forestry Residues, I. Hapazari, V. Ntuli, W. Parawira

Tanzania Journal of Science

Activated carbon has been widely used worldwide as an effective filtration or adsorption material for removing biological and chemical contaminants from drinking water. The potential of producing activated carbon (AC) from local agroforestry residues by single-step steam pyrolysis processes was investigated. The research aims to promote innovative use of local raw materials and relatively low-cost techniques in production of activated carbon. Four varieties of activated carbons from four different agroforestry residues, pine (Pinus contorta) cones (PC), Abies (Abies cilicica) seeds (AS), maple (Acer ginnala) seeds (MS) and peach (Prunus persica) stones (PS), were prepared and evaluated. The ACs were evaluated …

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What Do Students Need To Know? How About The Idea Of Progress ?, David Pickus Dec 2011

What Do Students Need To Know? How About The Idea Of Progress ?, David Pickus

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Studying Archeology needs an understanding of the idea of progress. The concept of progress was popular in the 1920s, and it was not for Archeology alone, but it became a new intellectual understanding of the world. “The idea of progress is one of the fundamental notions grappled by civilizations with a historical sense“. “Does this change in the use of metals equal development?,” reminds us to the Xuanyuan era where stone was used to make weapon, whereas jade in the time of Huangdi, and bronze in the time of Yu. This shows that Archeology is related to history and some …

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Analysis Of Audience Reception On Youtube Towar D Gender Construction In The Music Video If I Were A Boy By Beyonce Knowles, Ria Avriyanty Dec 2011

Analysis Of Audience Reception On Youtube Towar D Gender Construction In The Music Video If I Were A Boy By Beyonce Knowles, Ria Avriyanty

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Youtube is one of the favorite sites to share videos. Moreover,it facilitates the users to give a free and direct comment toward the videos they watch. The research examines the music video entitled If I Were a Boy (2010) by Beyonce Knowles as well as the authentic responses from the viewers in Youtube. I argue that this music video creates a conventional gender construction which perpetuates the patriarchal norms in the society. As an attempt to give a new perspective on the similar kind of research, I do not stop at this point. Applying the concept of encoding-decoding by Stuart …

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Literary Geography And Comparative Literature, César Domínguez Dec 2011

Literary Geography And Comparative Literature, César Domínguez

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In his article "Literary Geography and Comparative Literature" César Domínguez analyzes the relevance of political and linguistic frameworks for comparative literary historiography in the context of the European Union. Domínguez's discussion is based on the notion of geoculture whose theorization from Immanuel Wallerstein's perspective presents paradigms of interest to comparative literature. The idea of literary geography is conceived as a unit for analyzing diverse stages of the interliterary process. Thus, within the framework of the current renaissance of Goethe's concept of Weltliteratur, the phenomena of the literatures of (im)migration, exile, and literary diglossia represent challenges for the contextualization and …

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Landscape In Irish And Iberian Galician Poetry By Women Authors, Manuela Palacios González Dec 2011

Landscape In Irish And Iberian Galician Poetry By Women Authors, Manuela Palacios González

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In her article "Landscape in Irish and Iberian Galician Poetry by Women Authors" Manuela Palacios González reflects on the similarities between Irish and Galician women poets with regard to their treatment of landscape. Although Ireland and Galicia have been construed as green, fertile Arcadias, contemporary Irish and Galician women poets have engaged in a radical revision of this anachronistic stereotype. Women poets of these two communities suggest in their works that there is more than a chronological coincidence between a growing ecological awareness and the increased presence of women writers in the last thirty years. Both ecocriticism and ecofeminist literary …

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The Ophelia Motif In The Work Of Iberian Galician Writers, María Do Cebreiro Rábade Villar Dec 2011

The Ophelia Motif In The Work Of Iberian Galician Writers, María Do Cebreiro Rábade Villar

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In her article "About the Ophelia Motif in the Work of Iberian Galician Writers" María do Cebreiro Rábade Villar attempts to arrive at an idea of character through a comparative analysis of various artistic versions of William Shakespeare's Ophelia. Rábade Villar employs Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's notions of transversality and devices of analytical enunciation in order to understand the feminine literary character. Rábade Villar's corpus of the Ophelia motif include Iberian Galician authors's work such as by Álvaro Cunqueiro, Xohana Torres, Chus Pato, and Marta Dacosta.

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Catalan And Galician Literatures In Iberian And European Contexts, Olivia Rodríguez González Dec 2011

Catalan And Galician Literatures In Iberian And European Contexts, Olivia Rodríguez González

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In her article "Catalan and Galician Literatures in Iberian and European Contexts" Olivia Rodríguez González investigates the problematics of canon formation and proposes an approach within which the formation of a multi-system canon is possible. Reflections on the constitution of a European canon that would be the result of a proportional or market-driven combination of national literary canons leads to the conclusion that, with respect to the multicultural Spanish state, what will succeed in getting into the European canon will do so as a consequence of one of two processes. The first depends on what each literary system does to …

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Comics And The Graphic Novel In Spain And Iberian Galicia, Antonio J. Gil González Dec 2011

Comics And The Graphic Novel In Spain And Iberian Galicia, Antonio J. Gil González

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In his article, "Comics and the Graphic Novel in Spain and Iberian Galicia," Antonio J. Gil González develops a comparative and interart analysis of graphic novels by examining the evolution of the genre on the Spanish peninsula in general and in Galicia in particular. Gil González builds his analysis on Roman Ingarden's concept of literature as not only traditional fiction, but also theater and cinema. Gil González presents his argumentation by identifying the peculiarities of the comic as a medium, starting with its historical beginnings, and discussing its principal formats and generic and thematic variants. Further, he discusses the principal …

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Using Video And Contact To Change Attitudes Toward Gay Men And Lesbians, Jonna J. Cooley, Gary J. Burkholder Dec 2011

Using Video And Contact To Change Attitudes Toward Gay Men And Lesbians, Jonna J. Cooley, Gary J. Burkholder

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Prejudice against gay men and lesbians has continued to fuel negative attitudes that are perpetuated by stereotypes and by validation from those within one’s own social group. While there has been some research regarding the impact of contact on attitudes, the present study expands the theoretical approach of Allport and the empirical work of researchers such as Herek to examine the impact of adding media to interactive contact with lesbian and gay individuals. Participants were placed into one of three treatment groups: control, video only, and video plus contact with gay men and lesbians. The sample included 106 undergraduate students …

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Through The Eyes Of Greek Cypriots And Turkish Cypriots: The Perception Of Cyprus, Mary N. Olin Dec 2011

Through The Eyes Of Greek Cypriots And Turkish Cypriots: The Perception Of Cyprus, Mary N. Olin

Dissertations and Theses

It is important to consider the effects of past conflicts on the current perceptions of the people of Cyprus and of the future generations. This thesis contends that the ongoing division of Cyprus along with the many unresolved issues regarding past conflicts have had a profound effect on how the people of Cyprus perceive new information in regard to their future. The inquiry will explore the historical background of Cyprus and the affects of nationalism. The need for enemies, large group identity, divided societies and the need for dialogue will also be examined in relation to perception and new information. …

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A Lacanian Assessment Of Religion, Ryan L. Lambert Dec 2011

A Lacanian Assessment Of Religion, Ryan L. Lambert

Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal

According to contemporary philosopher Daniel Dennett, “religions are among the most powerful natural phenomena on the planet.” Teasing out the broader implications of religion is difficult due to its subjective, experiential nature. However, progress is not impossible, and this paper examines religion through the lens of the 20th century thinker Jacques Lacan. First, a basic overview is given of Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. Next, Lacanian ideology is cross applied to religion and its origin. Religion, according to Lacan, is the byproduct of individuals diagnosable as psychotics. Neurotics are responsible for this delusion’s continuation and present day popularity. If nothing else, such …

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Memory And The Photograph: Similar But Not Synonymous (A Semi Eidetic Synthesis Of A Semester Of Exploration), Meghan R. Gordon Dec 2011

Memory And The Photograph: Similar But Not Synonymous (A Semi Eidetic Synthesis Of A Semester Of Exploration), Meghan R. Gordon

Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal

This essay explores the distinction between a memory and a photograph, the mistake in quantifying the two as synonymous, and their influence upon each other. Through a multilateral psychological analysis the author explores the many facets that memory has and how these variation are influenced by imagery.

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A Closer Look At The Relationship Between Superstitious Behaviors And Trait Anxiety, Brandy Futrell Dec 2011

A Closer Look At The Relationship Between Superstitious Behaviors And Trait Anxiety, Brandy Futrell

Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal

This study examines the relationship between superstitious behaviors and trait anxiety. Researchers randomly selected participants from college campuses for a 28-question survey measuring superstitiousness and the 20-question State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) to measure symptoms of anxiety. Results show a positive correlation between superstitious behaviors and an increase in anxiety symptoms. Significant gender differences were found; women scored higher on superstitiousness survey and the STAI-X2 test. Superstitious behaviors were a significant indicator for developing trait anxiety.

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Modern Man: Popeye As An Indicator Of Movement Toward An Industrialized South In William Faulkner’S Sanctuary, Kristen N. Arnett Dec 2011

Modern Man: Popeye As An Indicator Of Movement Toward An Industrialized South In William Faulkner’S Sanctuary, Kristen N. Arnett

Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal

Traditionally, Faulkner’s Sanctuary has been classified as a sordid tale of sexual intrigue, set against a backdrop of death and decay in a post-war Deep South. The novel’s foothold in the Southern Gothic realm of literature has been further cemented by its graphic depictions of rape, prostitution and murder. Though these outrageous plot developments set the stage for much of the action in the story, they do little to explain an important role that is traditionally much overlooked – that of the character Popeye. Faulkner’s Popeye symbolizes the insertion of an unwanted Northern modernity into a world of slow Southern …

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The University Of Rhode Island Graduate Dual Degree Program With The Technical University Of Braunschweig – Its Added Value, Synergies, And Gains For Engineering Students, Sigrid Berka Dec 2011

The University Of Rhode Island Graduate Dual Degree Program With The Technical University Of Braunschweig – Its Added Value, Synergies, And Gains For Engineering Students, Sigrid Berka

Online Journal for Global Engineering Education

This paper takes a closer look at the learning outcomes and synergies for participants of a dual degree master program between the University of Rhode island and the Technical University of Braunschweig. It focuses on an area of international graduate level education and collaboration that has not been very well researched so far: the impact of study abroad experience on graduate engineering students. Are there any technical skills or additional research methods gained by students involved in graduate level dual degree programs? To what extent does such a research intense program have an impact on broadening research perspectives and opportunities …

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Best Of Both Worlds: Foreign Language Preparation For Purdue University’S Undergraduate Global Engineering Education Program, Yating Chang, Eckhard A. Groll, E. Dan Hirleman Dec 2011

Best Of Both Worlds: Foreign Language Preparation For Purdue University’S Undergraduate Global Engineering Education Program, Yating Chang, Eckhard A. Groll, E. Dan Hirleman

Online Journal for Global Engineering Education

Over the years, Purdue University has drastically increased the number of engineering students studying and interning abroad from less than 3% in 2000 to more than 10% in 2010. In order to increase the capacity of global engineering education curriculum, there is a need to create different study abroad programs to suit different student interests. Yet, the need of foreign language preparation remains in question. At Purdue University, researchers and administrators observed that students often self-select into study abroad programs of varying intensity according to the varying foreign language and GPA requirements. Case studies of student participants from four different …

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Somali Bibliography By Keyword --2012, Elizabeth A. Eames, Mame Nyarko F. Bonsu Dec 2011

Somali Bibliography By Keyword --2012, Elizabeth A. Eames, Mame Nyarko F. Bonsu

Somalis in Maine Bibliography

A bibliography of resources organized by topical keyword and published before 2012.

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Spt5 Affects The Rate Of Mrna Degradation And Physically Interacts With Ccr4 But Does Not Control Mrna Deadenylation, Yajun Cui, Yueh-Chin Chiang, Palaniswamy Viswanathan, Darren J. Lee, Clyde L. Denis Dec 2011

Spt5 Affects The Rate Of Mrna Degradation And Physically Interacts With Ccr4 But Does Not Control Mrna Deadenylation, Yajun Cui, Yueh-Chin Chiang, Palaniswamy Viswanathan, Darren J. Lee, Clyde L. Denis

New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Publications

The CCR4-NOT complex has been shown to have multiple roles in mRNA metabolism, including that of transcriptional elongation, mRNA transport, and nuclear exosome function, but the primary function of CCR4 and CAF1 is in the deadenylation and degradation of cytoplasmic mRNA. As previous genetic analysis supported an interaction between SPT5, known to be involved in transcriptional elongation, and that of CCR4, the physical association of SPT5 with CCR4 was examined. A two-hybrid screen utilizing the deadenylase domain of CCR4 as a bait identified SPT5 as a potential interacting protein. SPT5 at its physiological concentration was shown to immunoprecipitate CCR4 and …

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Uji Penghambatan Tirosinase Dan Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Pemutih Yang Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Batang Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus), Ninin Kartika Juwita, Joshita Djajadisastra, Azizahwati Azizahwati Dec 2011

Uji Penghambatan Tirosinase Dan Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Krim Pemutih Yang Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Batang Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus), Ninin Kartika Juwita, Joshita Djajadisastra, Azizahwati Azizahwati

Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian

The cortex of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) contains some flavonoids which have activity as tyrosinase inhibitors. This compound can inhibit the oxidation of l-tyrosine and levodopa in the mechanism of melanogenesis. The extract of jackfruit cortex formulated into creams differentiated by the extract concentration of 1,5% and 2,0%. Physical stability test was conducted with storing the creams at three different temperatures, 7 ± 2°, 27 ± 2°, and 40±2°C respectively. Centrifugal tests and cycling test was also performed on both cream. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity measurement was done by in vitro studies with measuring dopachrome. The result showed that both of formulations …

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Supply Chain Process Collaboration And Internet Utilization: An International Perspective Of Business To Business Relationships, Marcos Paulo Valadares De Oliveira, Kevin Mccormack, Marcelo Bronzo Ladeira, Peter Trkman, Joachim Van Den Bergh Dec 2011

Supply Chain Process Collaboration And Internet Utilization: An International Perspective Of Business To Business Relationships, Marcos Paulo Valadares De Oliveira, Kevin Mccormack, Marcelo Bronzo Ladeira, Peter Trkman, Joachim Van Den Bergh

Economic and Business Review

This paper compiles the findings of an international study which primary objective was to investigate the relationships between Internet utilization in business-to-business relationships, collaborative efforts and their impact over supplier and customer-oriented processes performance. It highlights the Internet as an important enhancer of collaboration in supply chains and addresses the effects of such efforts on companies’ overall performance. As a conclusive-descriptive and quantitative study, data from a survey of 788 companies from the USA, China, Canada, United Kingdom, and Brazil were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, reliability evaluation of the research model’s internal scales, path analysis and structural …

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The Flora Of Greater San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico (2005–2010), Sula E. Vanderplank Dec 2011

The Flora Of Greater San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico (2005–2010), Sula E. Vanderplank

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The plants of San Quintín (Baja California, Mexico) were documented through intensive fieldwork and collection of herbarium specimens to create a checklist of species. The region is located near the southernmost extent of the California Floristic Province, and the flora is influenced by the adjacent desert to the south. A total of 435 plant taxa were documented, of which 82% are native plants. Almost one in three native plant taxa in Greater San Quintín is a sensitive species, here documented as rare and/or locally endemic, and many taxa have yet to be evaluated fully for rarity and threats. Four major …

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Search For Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos In Highly Inclined Events At The Pierre Auger Observatory, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, I. F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml Dec 2011

Search For Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos In Highly Inclined Events At The Pierre Auger Observatory, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, I. F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, A. Anzalone, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml

Faculty Publications

The Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to neutrinos of all flavors above 0.1 EeV. These interact through charged and neutral currents in the atmosphere giving rise to extensive air showers. When interacting deeply in the atmosphere at nearly horizontal incidence, neutrinos can be distinguished from regular hadronic cosmic rays by the broad time structure of their shower signals in the water-Cherenkov detectors. In this paper we present for the first time an analysis based on down-going neutrinos. We describe the search procedure, the possible sources of background, the method to compute the exposure and the associated …

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The Impact Of A Psychological Calming Program Incorporating Light Pink (Pastel Pink) On Reducing State Anxiety, Agharid Salem, Rawia Abdel Fattah Dec 2011

The Impact Of A Psychological Calming Program Incorporating Light Pink (Pastel Pink) On Reducing State Anxiety, Agharid Salem, Rawia Abdel Fattah

Modern Sport

The introduction and importance of the research stem from the limited use of modern techniques such as deep breathing, color therapy, musical relaxation, and massage in sports psychology. The study aims to address this gap by exploring the effectiveness of a psychological calming program using the color pink in reducing state anxiety among Premier Club handball players. The objectives of the research included: (1) identifying state anxiety through the measurement of physiological variables such as average blood pressure and heart rate; (2) developing and implementing a mental calming program utilizing the color pink to reduce state anxiety among the players; …

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