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Cyber Operations And The Jus In Bello: Key Issues, Michael N. Schmitt

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Taxonomic And Nomenclatural Rearrangements In Artemisia Subgen. Tridentatae, Including A Redefinition Of Sphaeromeria (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), Sónia Garcia, Teresa Garnatje, E. Durant Mcarthur, Jaume Pellicer, Stewart C. Sanderson, Joan Vallés

Western North American Naturalist

A recent molecular phylogenetic study of all members of Artemisia subgenusTridentatae, as well as most of the other New World endemic Artemisia and the allied genera Sphaeromeria and Picrothamnus, raised the necessity of revising the taxonomic framework of the North American endemic Artemisia. Composition of the subgenusTridentatae is enlarged to accommodate other North American endemics and is organized into 3 sections: Tridentatae, Nebulosae, and Filifoliae. This paper deals with the combination of one section, the amendment of 2 more sections, and the combination in or the reversion to Artemisia of some Sphaeromeria and Picrothamnusspecies. The new names …

Diversification Within The Mexican Vole (Microtus Mexicanus) And The Role Of Post-Pleistocene Climate Change, Dolly L. Crawford, Jerry W. Dragoo, Felisa A. Smith, Andrea N. Chavez

Western North American Naturalist

To examine the partitioning of genetic variation within the Mexican vole (Microtus mexicanus), we analyzed variation within the cytochrome b (cytb, ca. 953 bp) from 44 samples of the Mexican vole from the mountains of the southwestern United States and Mexico. Phylogeographic analyses demonstrated strong support for a western clade and an eastern clade, corresponding to the Sierra Madre Occidental and mountains of the southwestern United States (western clade) and the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra Madre del Sur (eastern clade). Levels of genetic distinctiveness among vole populations in Mexico and the southwestern United States support …

Improving National-Scale Invasion Maps: Tamarisk In The Western United States, Catherine S. Jarnevich, Paul Evangelista, Thomas J. Stohlgren, Jeffery Morisette

Western North American Naturalist

New invasions, better field data, and novel spatial-modeling techniques often drive the need to revisit previous maps and models of invasive species. Such is the case with the at least 10 species of Tamarix, which are invading riparian systems in the western United States and expanding their range throughout North America. In 2006, we developed a National Tamarisk Map by using a compilation of presence and absence locations with remotely sensed data and statistical modeling techniques. Since the publication of that work, our database of Tamarix distributions has grown significantly.

Using the updated database of species occurrence, new predictor variables, …

Native Plants Dominate Understory Vegetation Following Ponderosa Pine Forest Restoration Treatments, Michael T. Stoddard, Christopher M. Mcglone, Peter Z. Fulé, Daniel C. Laughlin, Mark L. Daniels

Western North American Naturalist

Dense ponderosa pine forests in the southwestern United States inhibit understory production and diversity and are susceptible to high-severity wildfire. Restoration treatments involving overstory thinning and prescribed burning are being implemented to increase understory productivity and diversity and to reduce the risk of severe wildfire. However, disturbances associated with treatments may favor invasion of nonnative species, and the severity of the disturbance may be related to the level of nonnative species establishment. We examined understory community composition, species richness, and plant cover responses to 3 stand-scale replicates of 4 different tree-thinning intensities. Restoration treatments altered the composition of the understory …

Seed Bank Dynamics And Habitat Indicators Of Arctomecon Californica, A Rare Plant In A Fragmented Desert Environment, Laura Megill, Lawrence R. Walker, Cheryl Vanier, Debra Johnson

Western North American Naturalist

Protection of endangered desert plant species is frequently complicated by a lack of information about seeds, the most stress-resistant and populous life stage. We studied the relative locations of seeds and plants of a rare endangered herbaceous perennial, the Las Vegas bearpoppy (Arctomecon californica) in seven 1-ha sites randomly located within a 100-ha study area that was slated for development in Las Vegas, Nevada. We also measured the physical and biological attributes of the environment supporting the seeds and plants, including soil hardness, rock cover, cryptogamic crust cover, and associated vegetation.

Arctomecon californica seed density was 0.651 seeds …

Effects Of Elevation On Litter-Size Variation Among Lizard Populations In The Sceloporus Grammicus Complex (Phrynosomatidae) In Mexico, Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista, Adrian Leyte-Manrique, Jonathon C. Marshall, Geoffrey R. Smith

Western North American Naturalist

We examined the effect of elevation on litter-size variation in viviparous lizards of theSceloporus grammicus complex in 10 states of Mexico. Female snout–vent length (SVL) decreased with increasing elevation, and absolute litter size based on embryos also tended to de crease with increasing elevation. However, after controlling for variation in female body size, we found that litter sizes tended to be relatively larger at higher elevation. Elevation therefore appears to influence litter size in these lizards; however, relatively little of the variation is explained by elevation; thus, other factors are likely making substantial contributions to the observed litter-size variation. …

Maternal Investment By Yellowstone Pronghorn Following Winter Habitat Deterioration, Kerey K. Barnowe-Meyer, P. J. White, John A. Byers

Western North American Naturalist

Spring and summer–autumn nutrition are the prime determinants of reproductive investment in most largeherbivore populations, though winter severity is known to affect reproductive rates in some situations. To evaluate the effects of a long-term decline in winter habitat quality, a diet shift away from sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) during winter, and differential habitat selection during spring–autumn on pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) reproduction, we assessed female and fawn condition, maternal investment, and early fawn survival in migrant and nonmigrant portions of the Yellowstone pronghorn population in Montana and Wyoming during 1999–2001. Mean female mass at capture in late winter (46.81 …

Effects Of Habitat On Clutch Size Of Ornate Tree Lizards, Urosaurus Ornatus, Gregory Haenel

Western North American Naturalist

Clutch size is an important determinant of female reproductive success in reptiles. Although female body size explains much variation in clutch size, other important factors include differences in food availability, predation risk, morphology, and demography. Ornate tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus, display extensive variation in life history traits, including clutch size. Tree lizards primarily use 2 distinct habitat types—trees and rock surfaces—which influence both the performance and morphology of this species and may affect life history traits such as clutch size. As food availability, microclimate, and, potentially, predator escape probabilities differ between these 2 habitats, I predicted that tree- and rockdwelling …

First Record Of Multiple Paternity In The Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus Idahoensis): Evidence From Analysis Of 16 Microsatellite Loci, Wilfredo Falcón, Caren S. Goldberg, Lisette P. Waits, Wendy A. Estes-Zumpf, Janet L. Rachlow

Western North American Naturalist

Although promiscuity is believed to be common among leporids, little is known about the mating system of free-ranging pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis). We used 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers and DNA extracted from tissue samples of 10 rabbits from 2 litters collected in east central Idaho to evaluate paternity. We incorporated maternal genotypes for better resolution and employed an exclusion approach to detect multiple paternity. Our results demonstrated multiple paternity at 6 of the 16 loci tested for each litter. These findings support the expectation that pygmy rabbits have a promiscuous mating system. It has been proposed that multiple …

Effects Of Wildfire And Postfire Floods On Stonefly Detritivores Of The Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico, Nicole K. M. Vieira, Tiffany R. Barnes, Katharine A. Mitchell

Western North American Naturalist

Wildfires alter the quantity and quality of allochthonous detritus in streams by burning riparian vegetation and through flushing during postfire floods. As such, fire disturbance may negatively affect detritivorous insects that consume coarse organic matter. We assessed how 2 crown fires impacted stonefly detritivores in streams of the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico. We documented stonefly populations before and after the fires and postfire floods, and compared recovery trajectories among unburned, lightly burned, and severely burned reaches. We also conducted experiments to assess burned detritus as a food resource for Pteronarcella badia Hagen. Specifically, we characterized microbial conditioning, nutrient content, and …

Distribution Of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) In The Northern Prairies Of North America And Reports Of Opportunistic Clitellate Annelids On Crayfish Hosts, Bronwyn W. Williams, Kathryn L. Williams, Stuart R. Gelder, Heather C. Proctor

Western North American Naturalist

Northern crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870), were collected from 89 sites across Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota. The entocytherid ostracod Thermastrocythere riojai (Hoff, 1943) was found on O. virilis at 45 of the 89 sites, distributed primarily in the eastern and southern portion of the study area. These observations of T. riojai greatly extend the known range of the species. The widespread distribution of T. riojai suggests that the dearth of entocytherid records from other parts of Canada is a result of nontargeted sampling rather than true absence. In addition, we report on observations of 3 noteworthy …

End Matter, Vol. 71 No. 2

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Vol. 71 No. 2

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Comparative Ecology Of Sarcobatus Baileyi And Sarcobatus Vermiculatus In Eastern California, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Alynn M. Martin, Molly R. Falasco, James H. Richards

Western North American Naturalist

Greasewood (Sarcobatus) is a succulent-leaved, halophytic shrub of North American origin. The genus comprises 2 species: Sarcobatus baileyi and Sarcobatus vermiculatus.Sarcobatus vermiculatus is common throughout much of western North America, but S. baileyi is much more limited in distribution and was previously thought to be endemic to Nevada. Here we document and describe a S. baileyi population in eastern California, comparing its morphology and ecology to an adjacent S. vermiculatus population. Morphologically, S. baileyi is smaller in stature but produces larger seeds; however, fewer S. baileyi seeds germinated and survived a 20-day laboratory incubation compared to seeds …

Natural Polyploidization Within Tetraploid And Hexaploid Populations Of The Desert Shrub Atriplex Confertifolia, Stewart C. Sanderson

Western North American Naturalist

Shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia) is a wind-pollinated dioecious shrub of western North America with an unusual development of apparently autoploid races, showing all even ploidy levels from 2x to 12x (base x = 9). Of these, tetraploid races are the most frequently encountered, with octoploids the next most common, and hexaploids being much less common. In this study, the occurrence of neopolyploid individuals within tetraploid and hexaploid populations of shadscale was examined at natural sites in order to investigate the pathways by which octoploids may be formed and to find a possible explanation for the predominance of octoploids over …

A Reconnaissance Of Small Mammal Communities In Garland And Government Prairies, Arizona, Joseph L. Ganey, Carol L. Chambers

Western North American Naturalist

Small mammals play key ecological roles in grassland ecosystems, yet little is known regarding small mammal communities in large (>50 km²), high-elevation prairies embedded in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in north central Arizona. To provide information on community composition and habitat relationships, we live-trapped small mammals on 6 transects in 2 prairies in 2008. We captured 78 individuals in 5501 trap occasions. Capture rates were low and varied widely among transects. Community composition was simple, with only 3 species of small mammals captured. In order of relative abundance, these species were deer mouse ( …

Distribution Records And Comments On Fleas In Southwestern South Dakota, Omer R. Larson, Steven G. Platt, Zannita Fast Horse, Thomas R. Rainwater, Stanlee M. Miller

Western North American Naturalist

From October 2003 through April 2006, we collected 565 fleas incidental to a distribution survey of mammals in southwestern South Dakota. Sixty-one specimens, representing 18 species of mammals, possessed 20 species of fleas. The geographic distributions of these flea species revealed 8 new records for the Black Hills and its adjacent grasslands. Four species—Megarthroglossus divisus, Stenoponia americana, Odontopsyllus dentatus, and Amaradix euphorbi—constitute new records for South Dakota, thus increasing the state’s known flea fauna to 42 species. Hunters, trappers, and field biologists should be aware that serosurveillance during the 1990s revealed the presence of sylvatic plague and tularemia …

Pre- And Post-Migration Attitudes Among Ghanaian International Students Living In The United States: A Study Of Acculturation And Psychological Well-Being, Nicole Fischer

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study investigated attitudes among international students prior to their departure and following their arrival in the United States through a phenomenological research approach. Eight participants completed individual interviews in Accra, Ghana, and four participants completed follow-up email correspondence. The purpose of the study was to explain pre-migration expectations, post-migration experiences, and compare similarities and differences between perceptions and actual encounters. The researcher investigated five principle components of pre-migration: satisfaction with life prior to departure from the country of origin, impressions and expectations of the host country and predominate influences, awareness of discrimination in the host country, and culture-specific …

Spatial Dynamics Of Coral Populations In The Florida Keys, Dione W. Swanson

Open Access Dissertations

Coral reef degradation has been observed worldwide over the past few decades resulting in significant decreases in coral cover and abundance. However, there has not been a clear framework established to address the crucial need for more sophisticated understanding of the fundamental ecology of corals and their response to environmental stressors. Development of a quantitative approach to coral population ecology that utilizes formal, well established principles of fishery systems science offers a new framework to address these issues. The goal of this dissertation is to establish a quantitative foundation for assessment of coral reefs by developing some essential ecological and …

Lgbt 101: Liaisons & Safe Spaces 15 Min Trainer Booklet 2011, Joseph A. Santiago

Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer Center

LGBT 101: Liaisons & Safe Spaces 15 Min Trainer Booklet was designed to be a short introduction to LGBT trainings that could be used at orientation or in hall meetings.

Faculty Senate Minutes August 11, 2011, Missouri University Of Science And Technology Faculty Senate

Minutes & Agendas

No abstract provided.

The Nucleotide Exchange Factor Ric-8a Is A Chaperone For The Conformationally Dynamic Nucleotide-Free State Of G Alpha I1, Celestine J. Thomas, Klara Briknarova, Jonathan K. Hilmer, Navid Movahed, Brian Bothner, John P. Sumida, Gregory G. Tall, Stephen R. Sprang

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits are activated upon exchange of GDP for GTP at the nucleotide binding site of G alpha, catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). In addition to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which act on G protein heterotrimers, members of the family cytosolic proteins typified by mammalian Ric-8A are GEFs for Gi/q/12/13-class G alpha subunits. Ric-8A binds to G alpha.GDP, resulting in the release of GDP. The Ric-8A complex with nucleotide-free G alpha i1 is stable, but dissociates upon binding of GTP to G alpha i1. To gain insight into the mechanism of Ric-8A-catalyzed GDP release …

Comparative Genomics Of The Pathogenic Ciliate Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis, Its Free-Living Relatives And A Host Species Provide Insights Into Adoption Of A Parasitic Lifestyle And Prospects For Disease Control, Robert S. Coyne, Linda Hannick, Dhanasekaran Shanmugam, Jessica B. Hostetler, Daniel Brami, Vinita S. Joardar, Justin Johnson, Diana Radune, Irtisha Singh, Jonathan H. Badger, Ujjwal Kumar, Milton Saier, Yufeng Wang, Hong Cai, Jianying Gu, Michael W. Mather, Akhil B. Vaidya, David E. Wilkes, Vidyalakshmi Rajagopalan, David J. Asai, Chad G. Pearson, Robert C. Findly, Harry W. Dickerson, Martin Wu, Cindy Martens, Yves Van De Peer, David S. Roos, Donna M. Cassidy-Hanley, Theodore G. Clark

Publications and Research

Background

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, commonly known as Ich, is a highly pathogenic ciliate responsible for 'white spot', a disease causing significant economic losses to the global aquaculture industry. Options for disease control are extremely limited, and Ich's obligate parasitic lifestyle makes experimental studies challenging. Unlike most well-studied protozoan parasites, Ich belongs to a phylum composed primarily of free-living members. Indeed, it is closely related to the model organism Tetrahymena thermophila. Genomic studies represent a promising strategy to reduce the impact of this disease and to understand the evolutionary transition to parasitism.

Results

We report the sequencing, assembly and annotation …

Aryl Acetate Phase Transfer Catalysis: Method And Computation Studies, Meisha A. Binkley

Theses and Dissertations

Brief explanation and history of cinchona based Phase Transfer Catalysis (PTC). Studied aryl acetates in PTC, encompassing napthoyl, 6-methoxy napthoyl, phenyl and protected 4-hydroxy phenyl acetates. Investigated means of controlling the selectivity of the PTC reaction by changing the electrophile size, the ether side group size or by addition of inorganic salts. Found that either small or aromatic electophiles increased enantioselectivity more than aliphatic electrophiles, and that increasing the size of ether protecting group also increased selectivity. Positive effects of salt addition included either decreasing reaction time or increasing enantiomeric excess. Applied findings towards the synthesis of S-equol. Computational experiments …

Prepare For Study Abroad To Make It A Smart, Successful Experience, Jim Bakken

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Variable Transmission Rate On The Dynamics Of Hiv In Sub-Saharan Africa, Diego F. Cuadros, Phillip H. Crowley, Ben Augustine, Sarah L. Stewart, Gisela García-Ramos

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The cause of the high HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is incompletely understood, with heterosexual penile-vaginal transmission proposed as the main mechanism. Heterosexual HIV transmission has been estimated to have a very low probability; but effects of cofactors that vary in space and time may substantially alter this pattern.

METHODS: To test the effect of individual variation in the HIV infectiousness generated by co-infection, we developed and analyzed a mathematical sexual network model that simulates the behavioral components of a population from Malawi, as well as the dynamics of HIV and the co-infection effect caused by other infectious diseases, …

Sbe Notícias, Ano 6, No. 199, August 11, 2011, Marcelo A. Rasteiro, Delci K. Ishida

SBE Notícias

SBE Lança edição especial da Espeleo-Tema dedicada ao carste em rochas não carbonáticas; Moção de repúdio à supressão de cavernas sob a égide do decreto 6.640/08; Técnicas verticais no 31ºCBE; GUPE tem nova coordenadoria; Lagoa Misteriosa é primeira caverna licenciada para operar mergulho; 50 cavernas são descobertas no Parque do Sumidouro; ìndios botocudos podem ser descendentes diretos de Luzia; Exposição sobre Peter Brandt; Planta sinaliza para os morcegos; Campanha em prol dos morcegos; Morcegos detectam sangue por radiação infravermelha; Campanha nacional: Floresta Faz a Diferença; Foto do Leitor: Gruta São Geraldo (BA-78)

Coca And Conservation: Cultivation, Eradication, And Trafficking In The Amazon Borderlands, David S. Salisbury, C. Fagan

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

The cultivation and traffic of coca, Erythrolxylum coca, and coca derivatives remain understudied threats to the conservation of the Amazon rainforest. Currently the crop is transforming land use and livelihoods in the ecologically and culturally rich borderlands of Amazonian Peru. The isolated nature of this region characterized by indigenous populations (both settled and uncontacted), conservation units, resource concessions, and a lack of state presence provides fertile ground for the boom and bust cycle of coca production and facilitates the international transport of the product to neighboring Brazil. This paper explores the social and environmental impacts of coca production, eradication, and …

Development Of Dose Conversion Coefficients For Radionuclides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources, Phillip W. Patton

Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)

A research consortium comprised of representatives from several universities and national laboratories will be established as part of this project to generate internal and external dose conversion coefficients for radionuclides produced in spallation neutron sources. Information obtained from this multi-year study will be used to support the siting and licensing of future accelerator-driven nuclear initiatives within the U.S. Department of Energy complex, including the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) projects. Determination of these coefficients will also fill data gaps for several hundred radionuclides that exist in Federal Guidance Report (FGR) No. 11 and in Publications …