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2011

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Articles 16261 - 16290 of 20341

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Art In The Light Of Knowing A Cognitive Approach To The Creative Process, Victor M. Knoe Jan 2011

Art In The Light Of Knowing A Cognitive Approach To The Creative Process, Victor M. Knoe

HIM 1990-2015

Art can be an elusive concept. Neither an outsider nor a professional artist is immune to abstractions in the attempt to describe it. Every individual must necessarily come from their own, unique perspective. The obstacles that we experience in defining the essence of art can be better understood if we see them as a gauge for our historical period. Given the limits of our contemporary conditions, it seems impossible that we may ever overcome the vast chasms that imprison us. We are discouraged to build bridges, at almost every turn, by the suggestive hopelessness of the abysmal distances between us. …

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Direct Patterning Of Coplanar Polyethylene Glycol Alkylsilane Monolayers By Deep-Ultraviolet Photolithography As A General Method For High Fidelity, Long-Term Cell Patterning And Culture, Kerry Wilson, Maria Stancescu, Mainak Das, John Rumsey, James Hickman Jan 2011

Direct Patterning Of Coplanar Polyethylene Glycol Alkylsilane Monolayers By Deep-Ultraviolet Photolithography As A General Method For High Fidelity, Long-Term Cell Patterning And Culture, Kerry Wilson, Maria Stancescu, Mainak Das, John Rumsey, James Hickman

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

This manuscript details a general method for patterning coplanar alkylsilane monolayers using deep-ultraviolet photolithography that has broad application for high fidelity patterning of cells of varying phenotype in long-term cultures. A polyethylene glycol monolayer was formed on a silica substrate and then patterned using 193 nm light from an ArF excimer laser. The regions of photoablation were then rederivatized with (3-trimethoxysilyl propyl) diethyltriamine (DETA), yielding high contrast cytophilic islands that promoted cell adhesion and growth. Rat hippocampal neurons, motoneurons, and myoblasts were then cultured in a defined, serum-free medium on the patterned surfaces for periods in excess of 40 days. …

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The Accuracy Of Climate Models' Simulated Season Lengths And The Effectiveness Of Grid Scale Correction Factors, Wade E. Winterhalter Jan 2011

The Accuracy Of Climate Models' Simulated Season Lengths And The Effectiveness Of Grid Scale Correction Factors, Wade E. Winterhalter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Global climate change is expected to impact biological populations through a variety of mechanisms including increases in the length of their growing season. Climate models are useful tools for predicting how season length might change in the future. However, the accuracy of these models tends to be rather low at regional geographic scales. Here, I determined the ability of several atmosphere and ocean general circulating models (AOGCMs) to accurately simulate historical season lengths for a temperate ectotherm across the continental United States. I also evaluated the effectiveness of regional-scale correction factors to improve the accuracy of these models. I found …

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Crmp5 (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 5) Regulates Dendritic Development And Synaptic Plasticity In The Cerebellar Purkinje Cells, Naoya Yamashita, Bedrich Mosinger, Arpita Roy, Mari Miyazaki, Kozue Ugajin, Fumio Nakamura, Yukio Sasaki, Kazuhiko Yamaguchi, Pappachan Kolattukudy, Yoshio Goshima Jan 2011

Crmp5 (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 5) Regulates Dendritic Development And Synaptic Plasticity In The Cerebellar Purkinje Cells, Naoya Yamashita, Bedrich Mosinger, Arpita Roy, Mari Miyazaki, Kozue Ugajin, Fumio Nakamura, Yukio Sasaki, Kazuhiko Yamaguchi, Pappachan Kolattukudy, Yoshio Goshima

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) is one of the CRMP members that expresses abundantly in the developing brain. To examine the in vivo function of CRMP5, we generated crmp5-deficient (crmp5(-/-)) mice. Anti-calbindin immunofluorescence studies of crmp5(-/-) mice revealed aberrant dendrite morphology; specifically, a decrease in the size of soma and diameter of primary dendrite of the cerebellar Purkinje cells at postnatal day 21 (P21) and P28, but not at P14. Coincidentally, CRMP5 is detected in Purkinje cells at P21 and P28 from crmp5(+/-) mice. In cerebellar slices of crmp5(-/-) mice, the induction of long-term depression of excitatory synaptic transmission …

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Half-Dead Colonies Of Montastraea Annularis Release Viable Gametes On A Degraded Reef In The Us Virgin Islands, Ilsa B. Kuffner, T. Don Hickey, Valerie J. Paul, Jennifer M. Morrison, Linda J. Walters, Katie R. Grablow, Teresa Turner, Edward R. Parish Jan 2011

Half-Dead Colonies Of Montastraea Annularis Release Viable Gametes On A Degraded Reef In The Us Virgin Islands, Ilsa B. Kuffner, T. Don Hickey, Valerie J. Paul, Jennifer M. Morrison, Linda J. Walters, Katie R. Grablow, Teresa Turner, Edward R. Parish

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

No abstract provided.

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Characterization Of The Retrocyclin Analogue Rc-101 As A Preventative Of Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization, Ryan P. Lamers, Colleen R. Eade, Alan J. Waring, Amy L. Cole, Alexander M. Cole Jan 2011

Characterization Of The Retrocyclin Analogue Rc-101 As A Preventative Of Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization, Ryan P. Lamers, Colleen R. Eade, Alan J. Waring, Amy L. Cole, Alexander M. Cole

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus is a risk factor for pathogenic autoinfection, particularly in postoperative patients and the immunocompromised. As such, standardized preoperative nasal decolonization of S. aureus has become a major consideration for the prevention of nosocomial infection. However, only a few treatment options for nasal decolonization are currently available, with resistance to these approaches already a concern. Here we have identified the macrocyclic theta-defensin analogue RC-101 as a promising anti-S. aureus agent for nasal decolonization. RC-101 exhibits bactericidal effects against S. aureus with the use of in vitro epithelium-free systems, while also preventing the pathogen's proliferation and attachment …

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Evolutionary Analyses Of Staphylococcus Aureus Identify Genetic Relationships Between Nasal Carriage And Clinical Isolates, Ryan P. Lamers, Jason W. Stinnett, Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan, Christopher L. Parkinson, Alexander M. Cole Jan 2011

Evolutionary Analyses Of Staphylococcus Aureus Identify Genetic Relationships Between Nasal Carriage And Clinical Isolates, Ryan P. Lamers, Jason W. Stinnett, Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan, Christopher L. Parkinson, Alexander M. Cole

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus has long been hypothesized to be a major vector for the transmission of virulent strains throughout the community. To address this hypothesis, we have analyzed the relatedness between a cohort of nasal carriage strains and clinical isolates to understand better the genetic conformity therein. To assess the relatedness between nasal carriage and clinical isolates of S. aureus, a genetic association study was conducted using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and typing of the hypervariable regions of clumping factor and fibronectin binding protein genes. At all loci analyzed, genetic associations between both nasal carriage and clinical isolates …

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Expression And Characterization Of Antimicrobial Peptides Retrocyclin-101 And Protegrin-1 In Chloroplasts To Control Viral And Bacterial Infections, Seung-Bum Lee, Baichuan Li, Shuangxia Jin, Henry Daniell Jan 2011

Expression And Characterization Of Antimicrobial Peptides Retrocyclin-101 And Protegrin-1 In Chloroplasts To Control Viral And Bacterial Infections, Seung-Bum Lee, Baichuan Li, Shuangxia Jin, Henry Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Retrocyclin-101 (RC101) and Protegrin-1 (PG1) are two important antimicrobial peptides that can be used as therapeutic agents against bacterial and/or viral infections, especially those caused by the HIV-1 or sexually transmitted bacteria. Because of their antimicrobial activity and complex secondary structures, they have not yet been produced in microbial systems and their chemical synthesis is prohibitively expensive. Therefore, we created chloroplast transformation vectors with the RC101 or PG1 coding sequence, fused with GFP to confer stability, furin or Factor Xa cleavage site to liberate the mature peptide from their fusion proteins and a His-tag to aid in their purification. Stable …

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Abandoning Objectives: Evolution Through The Search For Novelty Alone, Joel Lehman, Kenneth O. Stanley Jan 2011

Abandoning Objectives: Evolution Through The Search For Novelty Alone, Joel Lehman, Kenneth O. Stanley

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

In evolutionary computation, the fitness function normally measures progress toward an objective in the search space, effectively acting as an objective function. Through deception, such objective functions may actually prevent the objective from being reached. While methods exist to mitigate deception, they leave the underlying pathology untreated: Objective functions themselves may actively misdirect search toward dead ends. This paper proposes an approach to circumventing deception that also yields a new perspective on open-ended evolution. Instead of either explicitly seeking an objective or modeling natural evolution to capture open-endedness, the idea is to simply search for behavioral novelty. Even in an …

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Application Of Adaptive Design And Decision Making To A Phase Ii Trial Of A Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor For The Treatment Of Intermittent Claudication, Roger J. Lewis, Jason T. Connor, John R. Teerlink, James R. Murphy, Leslie T. Cooper, William R. Hiatt, Eric P. Brass Jan 2011

Application Of Adaptive Design And Decision Making To A Phase Ii Trial Of A Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor For The Treatment Of Intermittent Claudication, Roger J. Lewis, Jason T. Connor, John R. Teerlink, James R. Murphy, Leslie T. Cooper, William R. Hiatt, Eric P. Brass

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Claudication secondary to peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with substantial functional impairment. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have been shown to increase walking performance in these patients. K-134 is a selective PDE 3 inhibitor being developed as a potential treatment for claudication. The use of K-134, as with other PDE 3 inhibitors, in patients with PAD raises important safety and tolerability concerns, including the induction of cardiac ischemia, tachycardia, and hypotension. We describe the design, oversight, and implementation of an adaptive, phase II, dose-finding trial evaluating K-134 for the treatment of stable, intermittent claudication. Methods: The study design was a …

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Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Igf1r By Key Micrornas In Long-Lived Mutant Mice, Ruqiang Liang, Amit Khanna, Senthilkumar Muthusamy, Na Li, Harshini Sarojini, John J. Kopchick, Michal M. Masternak, Andrzej Bartke, Eugenia Wang Jan 2011

Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Igf1r By Key Micrornas In Long-Lived Mutant Mice, Ruqiang Liang, Amit Khanna, Senthilkumar Muthusamy, Na Li, Harshini Sarojini, John J. Kopchick, Michal M. Masternak, Andrzej Bartke, Eugenia Wang

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Long-lived mutant mice, both Ames dwarf and growth hormone receptor genedisrupted or knockout strains, exhibit heightened cognitive robustness and altered IGF1 signaling in the brain. Here, we report, in both these long-lived mice, that three up-regulated lead microRNAs, miR-470, miR-669b, and miR-681, are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of genes pertinent to growth hormone/IGF1 signaling. All three are most prominently localized in the hippocampus and correspond to reduced expression of key IGF1 signaling genes: IGF1, IGF1R, and PI3 kinase. The decline in these genes expression translates into decreased phosphorylation of downstream molecules AKT and FoxO3a. Cultures transfected with either miR-470, miR-669b, …

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Portable And Airborne Small Footprint Lidar: Forest Canopy Structure Estimation Of Fire Managed Plots, Claudia M. C. S. Listopad, Jason B. Drake, Ron E. Masters, John F. Weishampel Jan 2011

Portable And Airborne Small Footprint Lidar: Forest Canopy Structure Estimation Of Fire Managed Plots, Claudia M. C. S. Listopad, Jason B. Drake, Ron E. Masters, John F. Weishampel

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

This study used an affordable ground-based portable LiDAR system to provide an understanding of the structural differences between old-growth and secondary-growth Southeastern pine. It provided insight into the strengths and weaknesses in the structural determination of portable systems in contrast to airborne LiDAR systems. Portable LiDAR height profiles and derived metrics and indices (e. g., canopy cover, canopy height) were compared among plots with different fire frequency and fire season treatments within secondary forest and old growth plots. The treatments consisted of transitional season fire with four different return intervals: 1-yr, 2-yr, 3-yr fire return intervals, and fire suppressed plots. …

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Polymer Translocation Induced By A Bad Solvent, Christopher Lörscher, Tapio Ala-Nissila, Aniket Bhattacharya Jan 2011

Polymer Translocation Induced By A Bad Solvent, Christopher Lörscher, Tapio Ala-Nissila, Aniket Bhattacharya

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We study polymer translocation through a nanopore subject to conformational differences created by putting two different solvents at the cis and trans compartments using Langevin dynamics in three dimensions (3D). Initially a fraction of the chain is placed in a good solvent at the cis side and the rest of the chain at the trans side is immersed in a bad solvent where it forms a globule. We study several aspects of the translocating chain as a function of the strength of the interaction epsilon/k(B)T for the bad solvent, where the temperature T is kept below the Theta temperature for …

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Identification Of Poly (Adp-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (Parp-1) As A Novel Kruppel-Like Factor 8-Interacting And -Regulating Protein, Heng Lu, Xianhui Wang, Tianshu Li, Alison M. Urvalek, Lin Yu, Jieli Li, Jinghua Zhu, Qishan Lin, Xu Peng, Jihe Zhao Jan 2011

Identification Of Poly (Adp-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (Parp-1) As A Novel Kruppel-Like Factor 8-Interacting And -Regulating Protein, Heng Lu, Xianhui Wang, Tianshu Li, Alison M. Urvalek, Lin Yu, Jieli Li, Jinghua Zhu, Qishan Lin, Xu Peng, Jihe Zhao

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Kruppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) regulates critical gene transcription and cellular events associated with cancer. However, KLF8-interacting proteins remain largely unidentified. Using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), mass spectrometry, and GST pulldown assays, we identified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1) as a novel KLF8-interacting protein. Co-IP and Western blotting indicated that KLF8 is also a PARP-1 substrate. Mutation of the cysteines in the zinc finger domain of KLF8 abolished PARP-1 interaction. Surprisingly, immunofluorescent staining revealed a cytoplasmic mislocalization of KLF8 in PARP-1(-/-) cells or when the interaction was disrupted. This mislocalization was prevented by either PARP-1 re-expression or inhibition of CRM1-dependent nuclearexport. Interestingly, co-IP indicated competition between …

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On Apteronotus Magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae): A Poorly Known Species Endemic To The Rio Magdalena Basin, Colombia, Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo, Carlos David De Santana, William G. R. Crampton Jan 2011

On Apteronotus Magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae): A Poorly Known Species Endemic To The Rio Magdalena Basin, Colombia, Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo, Carlos David De Santana, William G. R. Crampton

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Based on the examination of the two available paratypes and recently collected material, we present new data and information on the electric knifefish Apteronotus magdalenensis, a species endemic to the rio Magdalena-Cauca basin in Colombia. Since Miles' description in 1945, this species was not collected until recent field work at the Torrents of Honda and additional localities. We present data on the external morphology, morphometrics, pigmentation and electric organ discharges (EODs), of A. magdalenensis. We also review its distribution, ecology and conservation status.

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Hiv-1 Enhancing Effect Of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Peptides Is Reduced In Human Seminal Plasma, Julie A. Martellini, Amy L. Cole, Pavel Svoboda, Olga Stuchlik, Li-Mei Chen, Karl X. Chai, Bhushan K. Gangrade, Ole E. Sorensne, Jan Pohl, Alexander M. Cole Jan 2011

Hiv-1 Enhancing Effect Of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Peptides Is Reduced In Human Seminal Plasma, Julie A. Martellini, Amy L. Cole, Pavel Svoboda, Olga Stuchlik, Li-Mei Chen, Karl X. Chai, Bhushan K. Gangrade, Ole E. Sorensne, Jan Pohl, Alexander M. Cole

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We recently reported that HIV-1 infection can be inhibited by innate antimicrobial components of human seminal plasma (SP). Conversely, naturally occurring peptidic fragments from the SP-derived prostatic acid phosphatase ( PAP) have been reported to form amyloid fibrils called "SEVI'' and enhance HIV-1 infection in vitro. In order to understand the biological consequence of this proviral effect, we extended these studies in the presence of human SP. PAP-derived peptides were agitated to form SEVI and incubated in the presence or absence of SP. While PAP-derived peptides and SEVI alone were proviral, the presence of 1% SP ablated their proviral activity …

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Structural And Functional Interactions Between The Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit And Erdj3/Hedj, A Chaperone Of The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Shane Massey, Helen Burress, Michael Taylor, Kathleen N. Nemec, Supriyo Ray, David B. Haslam, Ken Teter Jan 2011

Structural And Functional Interactions Between The Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit And Erdj3/Hedj, A Chaperone Of The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Shane Massey, Helen Burress, Michael Taylor, Kathleen N. Nemec, Supriyo Ray, David B. Haslam, Ken Teter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Cholera toxin (CT) is endocytosed and transported by vesicle carriers to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The catalytic CTA1 subunit then crosses the ER membrane and enters the cytosol, where it interacts with its Gs alpha target. The CTA1 membrane transversal involves the ER chaperone BiP, but few other host proteins involved with CTA1 translocation are known. BiP function is regulated by ERdj3, an ER-localized Hsp40 chaperone also known as HEDJ. ERdj3 can also influence protein folding and translocation by direct substrate binding. In this work, structural and functional assays were used to examine the putative interaction between ERdj3 and CTA1. …

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Epigenetic Regulation Of Microrna Genes And The Role Of Mir-34b In Cell Invasion And Motility In Human Melanoma, Joseph Mazar, Divya Khaitan, Dan Deblasio, Cuncong Zhong, Subramaniam S. Govindarajan, Sharmila Kopanathi, Shaojie Zhang, Animesh Ray, Ranjan J. Perera Jan 2011

Epigenetic Regulation Of Microrna Genes And The Role Of Mir-34b In Cell Invasion And Motility In Human Melanoma, Joseph Mazar, Divya Khaitan, Dan Deblasio, Cuncong Zhong, Subramaniam S. Govindarajan, Sharmila Kopanathi, Shaojie Zhang, Animesh Ray, Ranjan J. Perera

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Invasive melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. The treatment of melanoma-derived cell lines with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) markedly increases the expression of several miRNAs, suggesting that the miRNA-encoding genes might be epigenetically regulated, either directly or indirectly, by DNA methylation. We have identified a group of epigenetically regulated miRNA genes in melanoma cells, and have confirmed that the upstream CpG island sequences of several such miRNA genes are hypermethylated in cell lines derived from different stages of melanoma, but not in melanocytes and keratinocytes. We used direct DNA bisulfite and immunoprecipitated DNA (Methyl-DIP) to identify changes in CpG …

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Reproductive Regulators In Decapod Crustaceans: An Overview, Ganji Purna Chandra Nagaraju Jan 2011

Reproductive Regulators In Decapod Crustaceans: An Overview, Ganji Purna Chandra Nagaraju

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Control of reproductive development in crustaceans requires neuropeptides, ecdysone and methyl farnesoate (MF). A major source of neuropeptides is the X-organ-sinus gland (XO-SG) complex located in the eyestalk ganglia of crustaceans. The other regulatory factors (either peptides or neuromodulators) are produced in the brain and thoracic ganglia (TG). Two other regulatory non-peptide compounds, the steroid ecdysone and the sesquiterpene MF, are produced by the Y-organs and the mandibular organs, respectively. In the current review, I have tried to recapitulate recent studies on the role of gonadal regulatory factors in regulating crustacean reproduction.

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Influence Of Growth Rate On The Epitaxial Orientation And Crystalline Quality Of Ceo2 Thin Films Grown On Al2o3(0001), M. I. Nandasiri, P. Nachimuthu, T. Varga, V. Shutthanandan, W. Jiang, Satyanarayana V. N. T. Kuchibhatla, S. Thevuthasan, S. Seal, A. Kayani Jan 2011

Influence Of Growth Rate On The Epitaxial Orientation And Crystalline Quality Of Ceo2 Thin Films Grown On Al2o3(0001), M. I. Nandasiri, P. Nachimuthu, T. Varga, V. Shutthanandan, W. Jiang, Satyanarayana V. N. T. Kuchibhatla, S. Thevuthasan, S. Seal, A. Kayani

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Growth rate-induced epitaxial orientations and crystalline quality of CeO2 thin films grown on Al2O3(0001) by oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy were studied using in situ and ex situ characterization techniques. CeO2 grows as three-dimensional (3D) islands and two-dimensional layers at growth rates of 1-7 angstrom/min and > = 9 angstrom/min, respectively. The formation of epitaxial CeO2(100) and CeO2(111) thin films occurs at growth rates of 1 angstrom/min and > = 9 angstrom/min, respectively. Glancing-incidence x-ray diffraction measurements have shown that the films grown at intermediate growth rates (2-7 angstrom/min) consist of polycrystalline CeO2 along with CeO2(100). The thin film grown at 1 …

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Cellular Infiltration And Cytokine Expression Correlate With Fistulizing State In Crohn's Disease, Saleh A. Naser, Claudia Romero, Princess Urbina, Najih Naser, John Valentine Jan 2011

Cellular Infiltration And Cytokine Expression Correlate With Fistulizing State In Crohn's Disease, Saleh A. Naser, Claudia Romero, Princess Urbina, Najih Naser, John Valentine

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of infiltration of different cell subpopulations (tissue dendritic macrophages, T-helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and B cells) and the expression of the cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in inflamed and noninflamed resected tissues from Crohn's disease (CD) and non-CD patients. Twenty-one resected full-thickness intestinal tissue specimens representing 13 subjects (8 CD and 5 non-CD patients) were included in this study. Sections of 20 mu m in thickness were cut and then stained using immunohistochemistry. The sections were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). …

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Seed Bank Changes With Time-Since-Fire In Florida Rosemary Scrub, Jennifer J. Navarra, Nancy Kohfeldt, Eric S. Menges, Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio Jan 2011

Seed Bank Changes With Time-Since-Fire In Florida Rosemary Scrub, Jennifer J. Navarra, Nancy Kohfeldt, Eric S. Menges, Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The soil seed bank plays a central role in the regeneration of obligate seeding species in fire-prone habitats. We evaluated how seed density and species composition changed with time-since-fire in the Florida, USA, rosemary scrub community. Because fire affects habitat availability and plant demographic variation, we predicted that soil seed density would be low in recently burned and long-unburned stands and high at intermediate time-since-fire. Seed bank soil samples were collected from a chronosequence of time-since-fire composited from two trials conducted in 1992-1993 and 2008-2009: two sites each of 3, 6, 10, and 24 years post-fire, and 3 long-unburned (similar …

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Modulation Of Toxin Stability By 4-Phenylbutyric Acid And Negatively Charged Phospholipids, Supriyo Ray, Michael Taylor, Mansfield Burlingame, Suren A. Tatulian, Ken Teter Jan 2011

Modulation Of Toxin Stability By 4-Phenylbutyric Acid And Negatively Charged Phospholipids, Supriyo Ray, Michael Taylor, Mansfield Burlingame, Suren A. Tatulian, Ken Teter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

AB toxins such as ricin and cholera toxin (CT) consist of an enzymatic A domain and a receptor-binding B domain. After endocytosis of the surface-bound toxin, both ricin and CT are transported by vesicle carriers to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The A subunit then dissociates from its holotoxin, unfolds, and crosses the ER membrane to reach its cytosolic target. Since protein unfolding at physiological temperature and neutral pH allows the dissociated A chain to attain a translocation-competent state for export to the cytosol, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of toxin unfolding are of paramount biological interest. Here we report a biophysical …

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Morphologies From Slippery Ballistic Deposition Model: A Bottom-Up Approach For Nanofabrication, Anthony Robledo, Christopher N. Grabill, Stephen M. Kuebler, Aniruddha Dutta, Helge Heinrich, Aniket Bhattacharya Jan 2011

Morphologies From Slippery Ballistic Deposition Model: A Bottom-Up Approach For Nanofabrication, Anthony Robledo, Christopher N. Grabill, Stephen M. Kuebler, Aniruddha Dutta, Helge Heinrich, Aniket Bhattacharya

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

We report pattern formation using a slippery ballistic deposition (SBD) model where growth germinates from a single site or from sites distributed periodically on a lattice. By changing the sticking probability p(s) and choosing systems with different lattice constants and symmetries, we demonstrate that a variety of patterns can be generated. These patterns can be further used as scaffolds for nanofabrication. We also demonstrate that by choosing a lateral sticking probability p(l) at the base that is different than p(s), one can control both the early and late time morphologies originating from a seed. Furthermore, we indicate a possible generalization …

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Metallothionein Expression In Chloroplasts Enhances Mercury Accumulation And Phytoremediation Capability, Oscar N. Ruiz, Derry Alvarez, Cesar Torres, Laura Roman, Henry Daniell Jan 2011

Metallothionein Expression In Chloroplasts Enhances Mercury Accumulation And Phytoremediation Capability, Oscar N. Ruiz, Derry Alvarez, Cesar Torres, Laura Roman, Henry Daniell

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Genetic engineering to enhance mercury phytoremediation has been accomplished by expression of the merAB genes that protects the cell by converting Hg[II] into Hg[0] which volatilizes from the cell. A drawback of this approach is that toxic Hg is released back into the environment. A better phytoremediation strategy would be to accumulate mercury inside plants for subsequent retrieval. We report here the development of a transplastomic approach to express the mouse metallothionein gene (mt1) and accumulate mercury in high concentrations within plant cells. Real-time PCR analysis showed that up to 1284 copies of the mt1 gene were found per cell …

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Femtosecond Laser Induced Photochemistry In Materials Tailored With Photosensitive Agents Invited, Arnaud Royon, Yannick Petit, Gautier Papon, Martin Richardson, Lionel Canioni Jan 2011

Femtosecond Laser Induced Photochemistry In Materials Tailored With Photosensitive Agents Invited, Arnaud Royon, Yannick Petit, Gautier Papon, Martin Richardson, Lionel Canioni

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

This article deals with the recent advances in photochemistry in optical materials induced by femtosecond laser pulses. The field of investigation of this paper is limited to bulk solid isotropic transparent materials (glasses and polymers), specifically tailored with photoactive agents. The formation mechanisms of laser-induced color centers, nanoclusters, nanoparticles and nanocrystallites are reviewed and argued, in particular the influence of the temperature during or after the laser irradiation. The relation between the photo-induced structures and the optical property modifications are discussed, as well as some applications.

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Preformulation And Stability In Biological Fluids Of The Retrocyclin Rc-101, A Potential Anti-Hiv Topical Microbicide, Alexandra B. Sassi, Katherine E. Bunge, Brian L. Hood, Thomas P. Conrads, Alexander M. Cole, Phalguni Gupta, Lisa C. Rohan Jan 2011

Preformulation And Stability In Biological Fluids Of The Retrocyclin Rc-101, A Potential Anti-Hiv Topical Microbicide, Alexandra B. Sassi, Katherine E. Bunge, Brian L. Hood, Thomas P. Conrads, Alexander M. Cole, Phalguni Gupta, Lisa C. Rohan

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: RC-101, a cationic peptide retrocyclin analog, has in vitro activity against HIV-1. Peptide drugs are commonly prone to conformational changes, oxidation and hydrolysis when exposed to excipients in a formulation or biological fluids in the body, this can affect product efficacy. We aimed to investigate RC-101 stability under several conditions including the presence of human vaginal fluids (HVF), enabling the efficient design of a safe and effective microbicide product. Stability studies (temperature, pH, and oxidation) were performed by HPLC, Circular Dichroism, and Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, the effect of HVF on formulated RC-101 was evaluated with fluids collected from …

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Formulation Development Of Retrocyclin 1 Analog Rc-101 As An Anti-Hiv Vaginal Microbicide Product, A. B. Sassi, M. R. Cost, A. L. Cole, A. M. Cole, D. L. Patton, P. Gupta, L. C. Rohan Jan 2011

Formulation Development Of Retrocyclin 1 Analog Rc-101 As An Anti-Hiv Vaginal Microbicide Product, A. B. Sassi, M. R. Cost, A. L. Cole, A. M. Cole, D. L. Patton, P. Gupta, L. C. Rohan

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

RC-101 is a synthetic microbicide analog of retrocyclin, which has shown in vitro activity against X4 and R5 HIV-1. In an effort to develop a safe and effective RC-101 vaginal microbicide product, we assessed safety in ex vivo macaque and human models and efficacy using in vitro and ex vivo models. A polyvinyl-alcohol vaginal film containing RC-101 (100 mu g/film) was developed. Formulation assessment was conducted by evaluating disintegration, drug content, mechanical properties, and stability. Efficacy was evaluated by in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) assay and ex vivo human ectocervical tissue explant model. Ex vivo safety studies were …

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Transcriptomic Analysis Of The Zebrafish Inner Ear Points To Growth Hormone Mediated Regeneration Following Acoustic Trauma, Julie B. Schuck, Huifang Sun, W. Todd Penberthy, Nigel G. F. Cooper, Xiaohong Li, Michael E. Smith Jan 2011

Transcriptomic Analysis Of The Zebrafish Inner Ear Points To Growth Hormone Mediated Regeneration Following Acoustic Trauma, Julie B. Schuck, Huifang Sun, W. Todd Penberthy, Nigel G. F. Cooper, Xiaohong Li, Michael E. Smith

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Unlike mammals, teleost fishes are capable of regenerating sensory inner ear hair cells that have been lost following acoustic or ototoxic trauma. Previous work indicated that immediately following sound exposure, zebrafish saccules exhibit significant hair cell loss that recovers to pre-treatment levels within 14 days. Following acoustic trauma in the zebrafish inner ear, we used microarray analysis to identify genes involved in inner ear repair following acoustic exposure. Additionally, we investigated the effect of growth hormone (GH) on cell proliferation in control zebrafish utricles and saccules, since GH was significantly up-regulated following acoustic trauma. Results: Microarray analysis, validated with …

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Picbreeder: A Case Study In Collaborative Evolutionary Exploration Of Design Space, Jimmy Secretan, Nicholas Beato, David B. D'Ambrosio, Adelein Rodriguez, Adam Campbell, Jeremiah T. Folsom-Kovarik, Kenneth O. Stanley Jan 2011

Picbreeder: A Case Study In Collaborative Evolutionary Exploration Of Design Space, Jimmy Secretan, Nicholas Beato, David B. D'Ambrosio, Adelein Rodriguez, Adam Campbell, Jeremiah T. Folsom-Kovarik, Kenneth O. Stanley

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

For domains in which fitness is subjective or difficult to express formally, interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) is a natural choice. It is possible that a collaborative process combining feedback from multiple users can improve the quality and quantity of generated artifacts. Picbreeder, a large-scale online experiment in collaborative interactive evolution (CIE), explores this potential. Picbreeder is an online community in which users can evolve and share images, and most importantly, continue evolving others' images. Through this process of branching from other images, and through continually increasing image complexity made possible by the underlying neuroevolution of augmenting topologies (NEAT) algorithm, evolved …

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