Digital Commons Network^™

The Nlrp3 Inflammasome Instigates Obesity-Induced Inflammation And Insulin Resistance, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, Yun Hee Youm, Anthony Ravussin, Jose E. Galgani, Krisztian Stadler, Randall L. Mynatt, Eric Ravussin, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Vishwa Deep Dixit

Faculty Publications

The emergence of chronic inflammation during obesity in the absence of overt infection or well-defined autoimmune processes is a puzzling phenomenon. The Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of innate immune cell sensors, such as the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (Nlrp3, but also known as Nalp3 or cryopyrin) inflammasome are implicated in recognizing certain nonmicrobial originated 'danger signals' leading to caspase-1 activation and subsequent interleukin-1β 2 (IL-1β 2) and IL-18 secretion. We show that calorie restriction and exercise-mediated weight loss in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduction in adipose tissue expression of Nlrp3 as well …

Neighborhood Stressors And Race/Ethnic Differences In Hypertension Prevalence (The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis), Mahasin S. Mujahid, Ana V. Diez Roux, Richard C. Cooper, Steven Shea, David R. Williams

Faculty Publications

BackgroundThe reasons for racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension (HTN) prevalence in the United States are poorly understood.MethodsUsing data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we investigated whether individual- and neighborhood-level chronic stressors contribute to these disparities in cross-sectional analyses. The sample consisted of 2,679 MESA participants (45-84 years) residing in Baltimore, New York, and North Carolina. HTN was defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure 140 or 90mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medications. Individual-level chronic stress was measured by self-reported chronic burden and perceived major and everyday discrimination. A measure of neighborhood (census tract) chronic stressors (i.e., physical disorder, violence) was …

Body Cleansing And Detox, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Is The Breast Best For Business?: The Implications Of The Breastfeeding Promotion Act, Brit Mohler

William & Mary Business Law Review

In June of 2009, the 111th Congress was asked again to consider the Breastfeeding Promotion Act. During that year, for the first time in history, the Senate also took up consideration of the issue, and the President of the United States signed into legislation a portion of the Act as included in a healthcare bill. The Breastfeeding Promotion Act is meant to protect a woman’s right to breastfeed in the workplace. The Act accomplishes this goal by: amending the Civil Rights Act to ensure that breastfeeding will be considered a protected act in the workplace, amending the Fair Labor Standards …

The United Nations And Women - A Critique, Elizabeth F. Defeis

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Deconstructing Cedaw's Article 14: Naming And Explaining Rural Difference, Lisa R. Pruitt

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Brown Midrib Corn Silage And Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Lactational Performance And Nitrogen Utilization By Dairy Cows, Hugo A. Ramirez

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Thirty six Holstein cows, four ruminally cannulated, (mean ± SD, 111 ± 35 DIM; 664 ± 76.5 kg BW) were used in replicated 4×4 Latin squares to investigate the effects of brown midrib (bm3) and conventional (DP) corn silages, and the inclusion of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on milk production and N utilization. In each 28 d period cows were assigned to one of four treatments: DP plus 0% DDGS (CON); bm3 plus 0% DDGS (BMR); DP corn silage plus 30% DDGS (DP+DG); and bm3 plus 30% DDGS (BMR+DG). Dry matter intake was greater (P < 0.01) for cows consuming bm3 (25.8 VS 24.4 ± 0.47 kg), likewise for DDGS (24.3 and 25.9 ± 0.47 kg/d for 0 and 30%). Compared to DP hybrid, NDFD was higher (P < 0.01) for bm3 (32.5 VS 38.1 ± 1.79%). There was a hybrid × DDGS interaction (P < 0.01) for total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and rumen pH as the highly digestible treatment BMR+DG resulted in the highest VFA and the lowest pH. Milk yield was not affected by treatment and averaged 30.6 ± 1.09 kg/d. Milk protein yield (MPY) was greater (P < 0.01) for bm3 and DDGS treatments. There was a hybrid by DDGS interaction (P = 0.02) for milk fat yield (MFY) resulting in 1.03, 1.08, 0.84 and 0.78 ± 0.045 kg/d for DP, BMR, DP+DG and BMR+DG. Fat corrected milk (FCM) was affected by DDGS (P < 0.01) and averaged 30.0 and 26.4 ± 1.0kg/d (0% and 30% inclusions). Urinary N excretion was similar among treatments; however fecal N was lower (P = 0.03) for diets containing bm3 corn silage which caused lower (P = 0.02) manure N. These results indicate that bm3 corn silage and DDGS increase DMI, NDFD and MPY; however high inclusion of corn silage with 30% DDGS reduces FCM. Nitrogen excretion was reduced when cows consumed bm3.

Preferred Educational Delivery Strategies Among Limited Income Older Adults Enrolled In Community Nutrition Education Programs, Stephany Parker, Laura Powell, Janice Hermann, Joshua Phelps

Journal of Extension

The study reported here explored educational delivery preference of limited income older Oklahomans. Sixty participants 60 years or older enrolled in Community Nutrition Education Programs observed three educational delivery strategies and participated in a group discussion. Two researchers independently coded focus group transcripts and frequency counts to identify common themes and patterns related to preferred educational delivery. Findings indicate that educational delivery preference was rooted in the inclusion of experiential and relational aspects of the presentations. A combination of preferences for educational delivery strategies was noted, supporting the use of multiple educational strategies when developing Extension programs for older adults.

School-Community Partnerships In Australian Schools, Michele Lonsdale

Program monitoring and evaluation

This report is based on an analysis of the data provided by Australian schools in their 2009 Schools First Impact Award applications. The data described the nature of the partnerships that schools had established with community and business groups, the reasons for these partnerships, the kinds of programs that were developed and implemented, and the effectiveness of the partnership/program.

These applications are a rich source of information about school–community partnerships in Australia. The report is organised around the following seven questions:

What types of schools established partnerships?

Who partnered with schools?

What were the main reasons for setting up these …

Sensory Evaluation Of Ice Cream Made With Prebiotic Ingredients Substituted For Sugar, Jennifer M. Wood

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating growth and/or activity of beneficial bacteria in the colon. The project objective was to determine consumer acceptability of ice cream with prebiotic ingredients substituted for part of the sugar and to determine sensory attributes of sweetness, smoothness, and vanilla flavor. A commercial ice cream mix was made substituting 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of the sugar for either fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or inulin. Sensory analyses were conducted using 95 non-trained panelists. Overall consumer acceptability and sensory attributes were measured on a 175 mm anchored hedonic scale. When 10% …

The Association Between Blood Pressure And Years Of Schooling Versus Educational Credentials: Test Of The Sheepskin Effect, Sze Yan Liu, Stephen L. Buka, Crystal D. Linkletter, Ichiro Kawachi, Laura Kubzansky, Eric B. Loucks

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose

Attaining a degree may offer greater opportunities for health than years of schooling alone. This study examines whether there is a degree, or “sheepskin”, effect on the association between education and blood pressure.

Methods

Multivariable-adjusted ordinal and linear regression models assessed associations of years of schooling and degree attainment with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a sample of 552 adults aged 38–47 years.

Results

Years of schooling was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure adjusting for age, gender and race (β=−0.4, 95% CL:−0.7,−0.1 mmHg systolic blood pressure/year of schooling). Additional adjustment for mother’s education, childhood verbal intelligence quotient, …

An Intervention Study For Viral Hepatitis. Peer-Led Health Education Among High School Students, Hamit Acemoglu, Yilmaz Palanci, Turan Set, Serhat Vancelik, Memet Isik, Harun Polat

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To check the effectiveness of peer-led education in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of high school students regarding viral hepatitis (VH). METHODS: This study was conducted at 29 high schools in Erzurum city center, Turkey between February and May 2007. The study design is a prospective before-and-after intervention trial. In this study, 2930 students from 29 different schools were included. A total of 559 volunteer students were trained as peer educators. These students applied a standard education to their peers. RESULTS: The total knowledge scores of peer educators before was 7.99 ± 2.73, and 13.91 ± 3.85 after …

Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy Omega Loop With Braun Anastomosis As A Treatment For Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome, Baraa K. Alnabulsi, Jameel T. Miro, Osama H. Faidah, Mahmoud A. Hamo

Saudi Medical Journal

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare clinical phenomenon caused by compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the overlying SMA, and can be easily misdiagnosed. We report a case of SMA syndrome treated with laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy omega loop with Braun anastomosis. A 24-year-old women with body mass index of 14.9 presented with a 4-year history of vague abdominal pain mainly at the epigastric region, radiating to the back associated with heartburn, repeated vomiting, and significant loss of weight during the previous 6 months. The case was misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis. The SMA syndrome was diagnosed using …

The Decision Of Do Not Resuscitate In Pediatric Practice, Mohammed M. Jan

Saudi Medical Journal

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is now routinely performed on any hospitalized patients who suffer cardiac, or respiratory arrest. Children with irreversible, or progressive terminal illness may benefit temporarily from CPR, only to deteriorate later on. Painful and invasive procedures may be performed unnecessarily, and the child could be left in a poorer condition. A do not resuscitate (DNR) order indicates that the treating team has decided not to have CPR attempted in the event of cardiac or pulmonary arrest. While there is relatively ample literature on this topic in general, there is comparatively little focus on DNR orders as they pertain …

Iqbal "Plausibility" In Pharmaceutical And Medical Device Litigation, William M. Janssen

Louisiana Law Review

No abstract provided.

Greener Pastures 3 - Managing Phosphorus In Dairy Pastures, Mike Bolland, Ian Guthridge, Bill Russell, Martin Staines, John Lucey, Richard Morris

Bulletins 4000 -

Between 1999 and 2009, soil testing was conducted in 48 dairy paddocks at Vasse Research Centre (VRC) in the south-west of Western Australia (WA). This study will be referred to as the VRC soil test study.

Phosphorus experiments were undertaken on partner farms of the Greener Pastures project to improve our knowledge of the phosphorus requirements of intensively grazed ryegrass pastures. These are the partner farm phosphorus experiments.

Greener Pastures 1 - The Greener Pasture Project: Managing Nutrients In Dairy Pastures, John Lucey, Mike Bolland, Don Bennett, Richard Morris, Bill Russell, Martin Staines

Bulletins 4000 -

As dairy farmers have strived to maintain profitability, many have farmed more intensively. More cows are milked and increasing inputs of fertiliser and purchased feed are used per hectare. However, these increased nutrient inputs have far exceeded the increase in nutrient output in milk production. The increasing nutrient surplus (inputs minus outputs) from intensification on dairy farms has met with increasing community concern about the environmental footprint of the dairy industry. In some other countries, dairy farmers who have intensified by increasing nitrogen inputs are now faced with legislation controlling the amount of fertiliser nitrogen that they can use.

The …

Greener Pastures 2 - Nitrogen For Intensively Grazed Dairy Pastures, Martin Staines, Richard Morris, Tess Casson, Mike Bolland, Bill Russell, Ian Guthridge, John Lucey, Don Bennett

Bulletins 4000 -

We undertook three main studies during the Greener Pastures project:

1. From mid 2005 to late 2008, a farming systems study was undertaken with five rates of nitrogen fertiliser as the main treatment. This study will be referred to as the ‘nitrogen response farmlets’.

2. From 2006 to 2008 a series of smaller ‘supporting’ studies were completed to investigate how grazing management influences the pasture production gains from nitrogen fertiliser. This will be referred to as the ‘nitrogen by growth-stage study’.

3. From early 2009 to early 2010, a farming systems study was undertaken to investigate the potential to increase …

College Food Systems Comparison, Courtney Fearon

Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

Pregnancy Outcomes Of Mothers Aged 17 Years Or Less, Alia A. Shuaib, Kaima A. Frass, Abdelrahman H. Al-Harazi, Najeeb S. Ghanem

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study the obstetric complications of women who become pregnant at aged 17 years old or less. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed from January to December 2009 at Al-Thawra General Hospital, Sana9a, Yemen. We included all women aged 17 years or less who delivered in the hospital with singleton births after 24 weeks gestational age. The study group comprised 239 patients, and a control group (n=240) was chosen from women aged between 20-24 years. Data were retrieved from the hospital records. RESULTS: Pregnancy in women 17 years old or less was associated with higher frequency of low birth …

Massachusetts’ Home Care Programs And Reasons For Discharge Into Nursing Homes, Cathy M. Wong, Nina M. Silverstein

Gerontology Institute Publications

Home and community-based services (HCBS) are a range of long-term care services intended to enable older adults and persons with disabilities to “age in place” in their own homes and communities. Previous studies well document that older adults prefer receiving HCBS rather than institutional care at a nursing home. One study concluded that 84 percent of older Americans, aged 50 years and older, want to remain in their homes for as long as possible. Medicaid is a major source of funding for long term care. Currently, a large proportion of Medicaid funds in most states has been spent on institutional, …

Dealing With Urban Poverty: The Case Of Ezbet Bekhit, Manshiet Nasser, Nazly Amr Abdel Azim

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness or lack thereof of community-based organizations (CBOs) in alleviating poverty in Ezbet Bekhit, Manshiet Nasser, with a special focus on employment creation. This is achieved by studying the organizational structure of these CBOs; their links with larger organizations and their role in wider development plans; their definitions of poverty and their visions and strategies for poverty alleviation in addition to initiatives targeting employment creation; the sustainability of these CBOs and their initiatives, and finally the employment prospects for the inhabitants of Ezbet Bekhit.

Women's Expectations And Experiences Of Childbirth In An Egyptian Public Hospital, Zeinab Ahmed Mohamed Farahat

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis seeks to understand women's reasons for giving birth at a busy teaching hospital in Greater Cairo, and what their experiences of it have been. It asks whether women's parity and the money paid upon admission to the hospital had an impact on their expectations and experiences. The thesis uses secondary data from interviews conducted in 2001 with mothers who had normal births, before they left the hospital. It is part of a larger project that investigated practices surrounding normal childbirth. The results are analyzed using the perspectives of critical medical anthropology, biomedicine and public health. Fear of the …

Ucc Minutes, February 8, 2011, University Curriculum Council

UCC Agendas/Minutes

No abstract provided.

Rest/Nrsf Is A Master Negative Transcriptional Factor For Neurogenic Program By Maintaining Stem Cell Quiescence In Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Mostafa Nashaat Ahmed Abdelhamid

Theses and Dissertations

Adult neurogenesis occurs in two distinct regions inside the brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in hippocampus. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are controlled by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate their proliferation, survival and differentiation in the adult hippocampus. REST/NRSF is considered a master transcription factor that regulates hundreds of neuronal genes essential for neuronal fate decision. In this study, we address the role of REST/NRSF (RE1 silencing transcription factor/Neuro-restrictive silencer factor) in regulating adult neurogenesis in hippocampus.REST/NRSF has biphasic expression in neural stem cells and mature …

A Report Of The Effects Of Fishing Advisory Group (Efag) Meeting (2 – 3 November 2010) And The Western Rock Lobster Ecological Effects Of Fishing Research Plan Revised And Updated By The Effects Of Fishing Advisory Group (2 – 3 November 2010), Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Occasional Publications

No abstract provided.

Using Culture Independent Approaches To Gain Insights Into Human Urinary Tract Microbiome In Healthy Male And Female Individuals, Sarah Hussein El-Alawi

Theses and Dissertations

Here we present comprehensive insights into the diverse collection of bacterial communities that indigenously inhabit the urinary tract of healthy adult male and female individuals using cultivation independent techniques. Several studies address the importance of uncultured microbial flora that inhabits the human urinary tract in health and diseases. Thus, a deep and accurate understanding of the factors influencing this ecological niche and its microbiome is important to prevent possible infectious diseases. Genomic DNA was extracted from midstream urine samples collected from 4 adult, healthy and culture-negative male and female individuals at ages ranging from 18 to 40. Following PCR amplifications …

Salud Y Saludos: The E-News Of The College Of Health Sciences, College Of Health Sciences

College of Health Sciences

Electronic newsletter of the College of Health Sciences, February 2011

Connecting Print And Electronic Titles: An Integrated Approach At The University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, Judith A. Wolfe, Joan Latta Konecky, Dana W. R. Boden

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

Libraries make heavy investments in electronic resources, with many of these resources reflecting title changes, bundled subsets, or content changes of formerly print material. These changes can distance the electronic format from its print origins, creating discovery and access issues. A task force was formed to explore the enhancement of catalog records to increase the connections between print and electronic titles, thus improving patron discovery and access to electronic resources. The investigation considered the relationships between parent and dependent titles, title changes, and publication subsets. The resulting recommendations included interdepartmental cooperation, record-display best practices, and methods for tracking catalog-record enhancements.

Potential Adverse Reactions To Herbal Medicines In Patients Attending A Nephrology Clinic In Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Fatima A. Al-Braik, Paul M. Rutter, Mohamed Y. Hasan, David T. Brown

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To provide data on herbal medicine (HM) use and safety in patients attending a nephrology clinic at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS: A prospective, 3-month study between June and September 2007, investigated all patients presenting to the Nephrology Clinic of the Sheikh Khalifa Medical center (SKMC) in Abu Dhabi, UAE. A structured questionnaire determined previous and current HM use, and descriptions of associated adverse reactions. Corroborating evidence was sought from the patient9s medical records. Causality was assessed by consensus from an expert panel using the Naranjo algorithm. RESULTS: The HM use was …