Digital Commons Network^™

Development Of A Semi-Field System For Contained Field Trials With Aedes Aegypti In Southern Mexico, L. Facchinelli, L. Valerio, J. G. Bond, Megan R. Wise De Valdez, L. C. Harrington, J. M. Ramsey, M. Casas-Martinez, T. W. Scott

Biology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Development of new genetic approaches to either interfere with the ability of mosquitoes to transmit dengue virus or to reduce vector population density requires progressive evaluation from the laboratory to contained field trials, before open field release. Trials in contained outdoor facilities are an important part of this process because they can be used to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of modified strains in settings that include natural environmental variations without releasing mosquitoes into the open field. We describe a simple and cost-effective semi-field system designed to study Aedes aegypti carrying a dominant lethal gene (fsRIDL) in semi-field conditions. We …

The Effects Of Three Concept Mapping Strategies On Seventh-Grade Students' Science Achievement At An Urban Middle School, Navdeep Dosanjh

Doctoral Dissertations

unavailable

Critical Hermeneutic Inquiry In Kagaa, Kenya : Refiguring Village Health Education Through Community Inquiry, Peninah N. Kaniu

Doctoral Dissertations

unavailable

Introduction: Changing Dimensions Of The Canada-China Relations, Pitman B. Potter, Thomas Adams

All Faculty Publications

Bilateral relations with the People’s Republic of China involve matters of great strategic interest to Canada. Recent changes in the frequency of high level visits; the effect, style and content of bilateral communications; and perspectives held by various sectors in each country about the other all suggest that the Canada-China relationship has changed significantly in recent years. China remains vitally important to Canada for a variety of reasons and in a variety of sectors. Political and diplomatic cooperation on issues of direct bilateral concern and also on issues of global import remains critically important. Commercial and trade ties linking Canada …

Context, Choice, And Rights: Phs Community Services Society V. Canada (Attorney General), Margot Young

All Faculty Publications

Constitutional law cases that revolve around the rights or circumstances of those groups most marginalized in Canadian society are not frequent cause for celebration. Typically, these cases push the boundaries of classical liberal understandings of the rights our Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects, asking the courts to recognize social and economic dimensions to liberties that are traditionally and popularly more narrowly construed. Such demands are more often than not sidestepped (or rejected outright) by courts, with the result that activist agendas focusing on leveraging Charter rights to achieve significant social change are less compelling than initially imagined. It …

The Prosecution Of Non-Disclosure Of Hiv In Canada: Time To Rethink Cuerrier, Isabel Grant

All Faculty Publications

The author of this article argues that Canada’s current approach to the criminalization of HIV transmission is deeply flawed and cries out for clarification. The article first considers the risk of transmission of HIV under various conditions, as determined by recent scientific studies, and concludes that HIV is not easily transmissible through sexual activity. It next examines several crucial factors that contribute to the significance, or lack of significance, of sexual activity by HIV-positive individuals, concluding that the current law creates a “numbers game” for triers of fact. The article then proceeds to a comparative analysis of other Commonwealth countries, …

An Investigation Of The Subtype Diversity Of Clinical Isolates Of Irish Clostridium Difficile Ribotypes 027 And 078 By Repetitive-Extragenic Palindromic Pcr, Denise Drudy, K. Solomon, S. Murray, L. Scott, S. Mcdermott,, A. Martin, C. O’Donoghue, M. Skally, K. Burns, L. Fenelon, F. Fitzpatrick,, L. Kyne, S. Fanning

Articles

A repetitive-extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) subtyping method (DiversiLab) in conjunction with ribotyping, toxinotyping and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing was used to detect subtypes within Clostridium difficile ribotypes 027 and 078. Clinical isolates of ribotypes 027 (toxinotype III) (n530) and 078 (toxinotype V) (n523) were provided by health-care facilities across the Republic of Ireland over 2 months in 2006 and 1 month in 2009. Ribotype 027 isolates were significantly more related to each other (9 different subtype profiles) when compared to ribotype 078 isolates (14 different profiles) (P50.001; cut-off .90 % similarity). Almost half of ribotype 078 isolates (45.5 %) showed no relationship …

In Our Own Backyard, Jeanne L. Zukas Do, Suzanne J. Templer Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Pseudo-Cushing’S Syndrome In A Hiv Patient With Complete Resolution Following Discontinuation Of Darunavir/Ritonavir, Rashmi Sharma Md, Margaret Hoffman-Terry Md, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Immunopathology Of Postprimary Tuberculosis: Increased T-Regulatory Cells And Dec-205-Positive Foamy Macrophages In Cavitary Lesions, Kerry J Welsh, Semyon A Risin, Jeffrey K Actor, Robert L Hunter

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Postprimary tuberculosis occurs in immunocompetent people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is restricted to the lung and accounts for 80% of cases and nearly 100% of transmission. Little is known about the immunopathology of postprimary tuberculosis due to limited availability of specimens. Tissues from 30 autopsy cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were located. Sections of characteristic lesions of caseating granulomas, lipid pneumonia, and cavitary stages of postprimary disease were selected for immunohistochemical studies of macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and mycobacterial antigens. A higher percentage of cells in lipid pneumonia (36.1%) and cavitary lesions (27.8%) were positive for the dendritic cell marker …

Alterations In Content And Localization Of Defensins In Rat Ileum And Jejunum Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Specific Peptides, In Specific Places, For Specific Jobs?, Rosemary A Kozar, Rachel J Santora, Brian J Poindexter, Stephen M Milner, Roger J Bick

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To determine alterations in quantities and distributions of natural antimicrobials following ischemia-reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that these compounds would be upregulated in areas of small intestine where changes in permeability and cellular disruption were likely and where protective mechanisms would be initiated. Methods: Rats with ischemia-reperfusion underwent superior mesenteric artery clamping and reperfusion. Shams were subjected to laparotomy but no clamping. Ileum and jejunum were harvested and sectioned, and subjected to fluorescence deconvolution microscopy for determinations of content and localization of rat beta defensins, 1, 2, 3; rat neutrophil protein-1; and cathelicidin LL-37. Modeling was performed to determine cellular …

Complete Genome Sequence Of Treponema Paraluiscuniculi, Strain Cuniculi A: The Loss Of Infectivity To Humans Is Associated With Genome Decay, David Smajs, Marie Zobaníková, Michal Strouhal, Darina Cejková, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Petra Pospíšilová, Steven J Norris, Tom Albert, Xiang Qin, Kym Hallsworth-Pepin, Christian Buhay, Donna M Muzny, Lei Chen, Richard A Gibbs, George M Weinstock

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Treponema paraluiscuniculi is the causative agent of rabbit venereal spirochetosis. It is not infectious to humans, although its genome structure is very closely related to other pathogenic Treponema species including Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, the etiological agent of syphilis. In this study, the genome sequence of Treponema paraluiscuniculi, strain Cuniculi A, was determined by a combination of several high-throughput sequencing strategies. Whereas the overall size (1,133,390 bp), arrangement, and gene content of the Cuniculi A genome closely resembled those of the T. pallidum genome, the T. paraluiscuniculi genome contained a markedly higher number of pseudogenes and gene fragments (51). In …

Short-Term Exposure To Warm Microhabitats Could Explain Amphibian Persistence With Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis., Joshua H. Daskin, Ross A. Alford, Robert Puschendorf

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Environmental conditions can alter the outcomes of symbiotic interactions. Many amphibian species have declined due to chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), but many others persist despite high Bd infection prevalence. This indicates that Bd's virulence is lower, or it may even be a commensal, in some hosts. In the Australian Wet Tropics, chytridiomycosis extirpated Litoria nannotis from high-elevation rain forests in the early 1990 s. Although the species is recolonizing many sites, no population has fully recovered. Litoria lorica disappeared from all known sites in the early 1990 s and was thought globally extinct, but a …

A Replicating Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccine Encoding A Single Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein Ctl Epitope Confers Protection Against Ebola Virus, Yoshimi Tsuda, Patrizia Caposio, Christopher J. Parkins, Sara Botto, Ilhem Messaoudi, Luka Cicin-Sain, Heinz Feldmann, Michael A. Jarvis

School of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Evolutionary History And Spread Of Multidrug Resistant Inchi1 Plasmids In Salmonella Typhi, Kathryn Holt, Minh Duy Phan, Stephen Baker, Pham Thanh Duy, Tran Vu Thieu Nga, Satheesh Nair, Arthur Keith Turner, Ciara Walsh, Seamus Fanning, Sinead Farrell-Ward, Shanta Dutta, François-Xavier Weill, Julian Parkhill, Gordon Dougan, John Wain

Articles

Typhoid fever, infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), remains a serious health concern in many parts of the world, particularly where sanitation is poor. While vaccines against S. Typhi are available, coverage in endemic regions is low, leaving antimicrobial therapy central to disease control. Unfortunately, drug resistant S. Typhi emerged in the mid-1970s and multi-drug resistance (MDR) is now a significant problem in many typhoid endemic areas. In the S. Typhi population, MDR is almost exclusively conferred by self-transmissible IncHI1 plasmids carrying a suite of antimicrobial resistance genes. We compared eight IncHI1 plasmid sequences and identified single nucleotide …

Barriers That Iowa High School Biology Teachers Face When Teaching Evolution In The Classroom, Joshua Michael Hanna

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

After decades of court cases, decided in favor of evolution being taught, legal decisions where the incorporation of teaching creationist ideas have been found unconstitutional, and recent strategies and attempts that would have teachers give "equal time" to creation-science ideas; there remains a disparity among Iowa's high school biology teachers when teaching evolutionary concepts in the classroom. Taking a look at what is being taught about evolution in Iowa classrooms, this study takes an in-depth look at what Iowa's biology teachers are teaching when educating their students about evolution, where emphasis is being placed and who is putting the most …

Communicating During A Crisis: An Analysis Of H1n1 Documents, Ian Patrick Hopkins

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

In April, 2009 a mysterious illness started to spread from Mexico City into the United States and quickly through out the rest of the world. Initially known as Swine Flu, it was quickly became known by its scientific name novel H 1 N 1. The H 1 N 1 pandemic is of particular note because of the rapid spread throughout the world. Additionally, the H 1 N 1 pandemic provides a way to study organizational responses during a health pandemic. Previous literature has explored how organizations have responded during pandemics, but have not examined pandemics from an organizational level. This …

The Response Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm To The Presence Of A Glass Polyalkenoate Cement Formulated From A Silver Containing Glass, A. Coughlan, M. P. Ryan, N. M. Cummins, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Visuals In Health Education, Ying Yan Vigenia Njoo-Lau

Graduate Research Papers

America has a very complex health care system. It is often required a welleducated individual "to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions" (Nielsen-Bohlman, 2004). It is also required multiple skills, like reading, writing, listening, speaking, mathematic, and decision-making (Safeer & Keenan, 2005).

90 million American adults have limited health literacy to navigate of the health care system in the United States. People with limited health literacy have trouble communicating with their health care providers, understand and adherence of medical information, medical usage. $73 billion health care cost was estimated in 1998 …

The Impact Of Online Social Participation On Social Capital And Mental Health Outcomes Of Young Adults: A Systematic Review & Participation And Quality Of Life Of Young Adults Living In Western Australia: Research Report, Robyn Earl

Theses : Honours

Introduction: The widespread acceptance and availability of the Internet and subsequent advent of social networking sites, is believed, in part, to be responsible for the reduction of face-to-face interaction, particularly among young adults. This has lead to suggestions that while virtual participation may enhance our ability to communicate with others; it may in fact come at the detriment of wellbeing. Depression is one of the leading causes of mental illness for young people, with social isolation and exclusion being identified as key risk factors for depression among this group. The aim of this review was to systematically review available research …

Novel Phytol-Derived Immunostimulants (Phis-01) For Enhancement Of Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study, Youssef Aachoui

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Adjuvants are used widely in vaccine formulations. However for humans, choices are very limited. Since they are selected empirically, it is not expected that any two adjuvants would influence immune mechanisms the same way. However they all influence host microenvironment, antigen presentation, and retention of immunological memory. This study focuses on new terpenoid adjuvants based on phytol derivatives. We previously observed that phytol and one of its derivatives PHIS-01 (a phytol-based immunostimulant, phytanol) are excellent adjuvants. To gain an understanding of the structural features important for adjuvanticity, we further studied compounds derived from a diterpene Phytol. We designed two new …

Application Of Non-Invasive Flow Measurement Techniques For Quantitative Analysis Of A Biomedical Device, Amit Chainani

Theses

Researchers have extensively studied the techniques and applications of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). Developments in computing and imaging techniques have significantly aided the accuracy and efficiency techniques which are now commonly used to study velocity vectors, predicting acceleration and mixing profiles in modern fluid dynamics. This project focused on analyzing the flow field inside a MicroWell, a component of the assay kits that are processed by the Vitros ECi analyzer. The assay kits and analyzer are manufactured by Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, NY. Reagents and samples are mixed in the MicroWell during various operations …

Novel Phytol-Derived Immunostimulants (Phis-01) For Enhancement Of Vaccine Efficacy: A Comparative Study, Aachoui Youssef

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Adjuvants are used widely in vaccine formulations. However for humans, choices are very limited. Since they are selected empirically, it is not expected that any two adjuvants would influence immune mechanisms the same way. However they all influence host microenvironment, antigen presentation, and retention of immunological memory. This study focuses on new terpenoid adjuvants based on phytol derivatives. We previously observed that phytol and one of its derivatives PHIS-01 (a phytol-based immunostimulant, phytanol) are excellent adjuvants. To gain an understanding of the structural features important for adjuvanticity, we further studied compounds derived from a diterpene Phytol. We designed two new …

The Influence Of Neuroticism On Stress Perception And Its Resultant Negative Affect, Irum Saeed Abbasi

Master's Theses

There is contemporary literature reporting the role of the neuroticism (N) personality type in the stress process. People with elevated neuroticism experience more interpersonal stressors, perceive daily events as more negative, and use maladaptive ways to combat stressors. This thesis explores the influence of neuroticism on stress perception and the associated negative affect. In the current study, mood and stress perception of pre-screened college students who scored high and low on the neuroticism subscale were manipulated, with a laboratory psycho-social stressor, after their moods were initially neutralized to their respective base levels. Later, their mood and stress perception were manipulated …

Untangling The Twists Of Habeas Corpus, Larry Yackle

Faculty Scholarship

Take it from me. The one job you don't want is sorting out federal habeas corpus. By all accounts, existing arrangements are an unrelieved disaster. Yet now come Nancy King and Joseph Hoffmann with a valiant effort to set things in order. Their book describes habeas corpus as the writ currently stands, offers explanations of why and how we have come to this pass, and, most important, advances a definite plan of action for habeas in criminal cases-a way to fix what so desperately needs fixing. This is a good book, a valuable book. It is informative, essentially accurate in …

Researchers Without Borders?: Limiting Obligations Of Ancillary Care Through The Rescue Model, Michael Ulrich

Faculty Scholarship

With the expansion of clinical research in developing countries, there is a need to explain obligations that researchers have to their subjects beyond those required by the study protocol. This paper outlines a model founded on the duty to rescue that provides ethical clarification of the obligations of ancillary care.

Germ Shed Management In The United States, Kevin Outterson

Faculty Scholarship

The U.S. Medicare program reimburses only for discrete treatments of individuals with infections, but fails to pay for infection control or antibiotic stewardship more generally. By focusing solely on discrete hospitals and patients, Medicare ignores the larger epidemiological reality - that hospitals, nursing homes and other institutions operate within a germ shed. Under current Medicare rules, institutions that invest in infection control or antibiotic stewardship, may actually lose money and benefit rival firms in the market. In effect, current Medicare rules subsidize MRSA pollution. Worse yet, Medicare rules block potentially efficient Coasian contracts to promote private coordination within germ sheds.

The Freedom Of Health, Abigail Moncrieff

Faculty Scholarship

What would have happened if the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) really had authorized government “death panels” that would decide whether an elderly patient could get treatment? Leaving aside commerce clause and other constraints particular to Congress, would that kind of direct healthcare rationing be a constitutional exercise of governmental power in the United States? I think not. I argue here that an emergent substantive due process constraint would invalidate such an exercise; direct rationing of that kind would violate a constitutional “freedom of health” that is nascent in Supreme Court jurisprudence. Based on that logic, I argue …

The Application Of Gis And Spatiotemporal Analyses To Investigations Of Unusual Marine Mammal Strandings And Mortality Events, Stephanie A. Norman, Jessie Huggins, Tim E. Carpenter, James T. Case, Dyanna M. Lambourn, James M. Rice, John Calambokidis, Joseph K. Gaydos, M. Bradley Hanson, Deborah A. Duffield, Sandra Dubpernell, Susan Berta, Matt Klope

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

In 2006–2007, an unusually high number of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the Washington and Oregon coastlines. Spatiotemporal analyses were used to examine their ability to detect clusters of porpoise strandings during an unusual mortality event (UME) in the Pacific Northwest using stranding location data. Strandings were evaluated as two separate populations, outer coast and inland waters. The presence of global clustering was evaluated using the Knox spatiotemporal test, and the presence of local clusters was investigated using a spatiotemporal scan statistic (space–time permutation). There was evidence of global clustering, but no local clustering, supporting the hypothesis that strandings …

Crisis Management Post Hurricane Katrina: A Qualitative Study Of A Higher Education Institution's Administrators' Response To Crisis Management, Steven Lee Mccullar

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

From campus shootings to mass prolonged campus closures in the Gulf Coast due to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the past decade has seen an increase in high profile crises at higher education institutions. Louisiana State University was one of the institutions impacted by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. After the experience, university administrators created an Emergency Operation Center and a new plan for how to handle campus crises. In 2008, LSU administrators had an opportunity to test their full scale plan with the landfall of Hurricane Gustav. In this study, university administrators from LSU were interviewed about their experiences …