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2011

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Effects Of The Aquatic To Terrestrial Habitat Ratio On An Amphibian Predator And Its Prey, Amber Kramer Jan 2011

Effects Of The Aquatic To Terrestrial Habitat Ratio On An Amphibian Predator And Its Prey, Amber Kramer

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

This dissertation explores the effects of varying the composition of aquatic and terrestrial habitats in a landscape: the aquatic to terrestrial ratio) on amphibians that use both the aquatic and terrestrial habitats during their lives. In Chapter 1, I first used meta-analysis and simulations to demonstrate that as the longevity of an amphibian increases, the elasticity of the population growth rate to perturbations in the aquatic: larval) habitat decreases. In Chapter 2, I examined the abundance of larvae of a long-lived amphibian, Ambystoma maculatum, across landscapes that varied in their aquatic to terrestrial ratios and found that larvae of this …

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New Paradigm Of Defibrillation: Towards Painless Therapy, Wenwen Li Jan 2011

New Paradigm Of Defibrillation: Towards Painless Therapy, Wenwen Li

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Sudden cardiac death: SCD) causes approximately 300,000 - 400,000 deaths a year in the United States. It usually starts as ventricular tachycardia: VT) and then degenerates into ventricular fibrillation: VF). Implantable cardioverter defibrillator: ICD) therapy is the only reliable treatment of VT/VF and has been shown to effectively reduce mortality by many clinical trials. However, high-voltage ICD shocks could result in myocardial dysfunction and damage. The majority of patients receiving ICD therapy have a history of coronary disease; their hearts develop myocardium infarction, which could provide a substrate for reentrant tachy-arrhythmias. Other than lethal ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation: AF) became …

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Utility-Aware Scheduling Of Stochastic Real-Time Systems, Terry Tidwell Jan 2011

Utility-Aware Scheduling Of Stochastic Real-Time Systems, Terry Tidwell

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Time utility functions offer a reasonably general way to describe the complex timing constraints of real-time and cyber-physical systems. However, utility-aware scheduling policy design is an open research problem. In particular, scheduling policies that optimize expected utility accrual are needed for real-time and cyber-physical domains. This dissertation addresses the problem of utility-aware scheduling for systems with periodic real-time task sets and stochastic non-preemptive execution intervals. We model these systems as Markov Decision Processes. This model provides an evaluation framework by which different scheduling policies can be compared. By solving the Markov Decision Process we can derive value-optimal scheduling policies for …

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Novel Plasmonic Nanostructures For Applications In Sensing, Imaging, And Controlled Release, Weiyang Li Jan 2011

Novel Plasmonic Nanostructures For Applications In Sensing, Imaging, And Controlled Release, Weiyang Li

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

This research placed emphasis on engineering the properties of novel plasmonic nanostructures, especially silver: Ag) and gold: Au) nanostructures with well-defined shapes, for biomedical applications in sensing, imaging and drug delivery. The first part of this work focused on the development of novel dimeric nanostructures of Ag for surface-enhanced Raman scattering: SERS) applications. In this section, I successfully demonstrated the synthesis of well-defined Ag dimers consisting of nanospheres with a broad range of sizes by using two methods. The first method was based on polyol process and the second was based on wet etching. The key for the dimerization process …

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Ultra-High-Q Microresonator With Applications Towards Single Nanoparticle Sensing, Jiangang Zhu Jan 2011

Ultra-High-Q Microresonator With Applications Towards Single Nanoparticle Sensing, Jiangang Zhu

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Whispering-gallery mode microcavities confines light and enables enhanced light-matter interaction. They are great platforms for enhanced light-matter interactions. Using ultra-high-Q microtoroids and focusing on a phenomenon called mode splitting, we demonstrate the theory and experiments for real-time and label-free detection and size measurement of individual nanoparticles and viruses, with a theoretical size limit of R<10 nm. It enables us to cover a large range of virus and nanoparticle sizes of great interest for biomedicine, nanotechnology, and environmental science. Moreover, this approach allows to identify the components of homogenous mixtures of particles. It exceeds the capabilities of existing schemes with its unique single particle resolution and ability for quantitative size measurement of individual nanoparticles. The techniques described here also pave the way for using active lasing microresonators as particle sensors, in which mode splitting serves as the origin of the radio frequency beatnote in the laser which indicates the binding of nanoparticles. It also lays a solid ground for using microresonators for bio-molecule detection. In addition, two non-spectrogram gased nanoparticle detection techniques: fiber taper detection and resonator reflection mode detection are demonstrated and future implementation on bimolecular detections are discussed.

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Personal Cognition And The Affect Regulation Process: Affect Reactivity, Affect Regulation Ability, And Responses To Cognitive Errors., Adam Augustine Jan 2011

Personal Cognition And The Affect Regulation Process: Affect Reactivity, Affect Regulation Ability, And Responses To Cognitive Errors., Adam Augustine

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

A growing body of research examines relationships between cognitive tendencies and a number of personality and affective: i.e. emotional) traits. While several mechanisms have been suggested to explain these links, the exact reasons for the observed effects remain unclear in a number of circumstances. The current research examines the potential underlying mechanisms of observed links between cognitive error reactivity and various components of the affect regulation process; those individuals who make errors in strings on standard cognitive tasks are higher in trait negative affect, react more strongly to negative daily events, and may show deficits in self-regulation ability: Compton, Robinson, …

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Isotopic And Elemental Compositions Of Stardust And Protosolar Dust Grains In Primitive Meteorites, Maitrayee Bose Jan 2011

Isotopic And Elemental Compositions Of Stardust And Protosolar Dust Grains In Primitive Meteorites, Maitrayee Bose

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

This dissertation presents the results and implications of the isotopic and elemental analyses of presolar silicate grains from the primitive chondrites, Acfer 094, SAH 97096, and ALHA77307. Oxygen-anomalous, C-anomalous, and N-anomalous grains were identified by O, C, and N isotopic imaging, respectively, using the NanoSIMS 50. Subsequently, the elemental compositions of the grains carrying the anomalous isotopic signatures were acquired in the PHI 700 Auger Nanoprobe. Some silicate grains with unique O isotopic compositions were measured for Si and Fe isotopes. The isotopic analyses indicate that a majority of the silicate and oxide grains are 17O-rich with solar to sub-solar …

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Cellular And Cytoskeletal Responses Of Myofibroblasts In Three Dimensional Culture To Mechanical Stretch, Sheng-Lin Lee Jan 2011

Cellular And Cytoskeletal Responses Of Myofibroblasts In Three Dimensional Culture To Mechanical Stretch, Sheng-Lin Lee

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Myofibroblasts play important roles in wound healing and pathological organ remodeling, such as hypertensive cardiac fibrosis and promotion of metastasis. Differentiated myofibroblasts are characterized by increased production of extracellular matrix: ECM) proteins and by the development of α-smooth muscle actin: α-SMA) positive stress fibers that are connected to the ECM through focal adhesion assemblies. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that development of myofibroblasts is profoundly influenced by the mechanical microenvironment, especially, by the structure, organization or stiffness of the ECM: Hinz and Gabbiani, 2003a). Myofibroblasts are likely signaled by mechanical changes in their environment transduced through their cytoskeletons, and the fundamental …

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The Moral Permissibility Of Punishment, Zachary Hoskins Jan 2011

The Moral Permissibility Of Punishment, Zachary Hoskins

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This dissertation offers an account of the moral permissibility of criminal punishment. Punishment presents a distinctive moral challenge in that it involves a community’s inflicting harm on individuals, treating them in ways that would typically be morally wrong. We can distinguish a number of different questions of punishment’s permissibility. This dissertation focuses on four central questions:: 1) Why may we punish? Why is it in principle permissible to inflict harm on criminal offenders?: 2) Why should we punish? Is there a compelling reason to do so?: 3) How may we punish? What principles should constrain impositions of punishment? And finally,: …

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Emerson And The Vision Of The Child, Matthew Mcclelland Jan 2011

Emerson And The Vision Of The Child, Matthew Mcclelland

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This work argues for a reading of Ralph Waldo Emerson that takes into account his childhood and early upbringing, and thereby reads his mature philosophical works as reactionary enabling mythologies that were forged by his troubled childhood.

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Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Lipidated Pna-Peptide Conjugates As Potentialtherapeutic And Diagnostic Reagents, Yinyin Song Jan 2011

Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Lipidated Pna-Peptide Conjugates As Potentialtherapeutic And Diagnostic Reagents, Yinyin Song

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Peptide Nucleic Acids: PNAs), are an ideal choice for antisense and antigene tools and probes because of their stability and high binding affinity, but have limited application as therapeutic and diagnostic agents because of poor membrane permeability. To increase membrane permeability, we conjugated hydrophobic lipids or phospholipid molecules and hydrophilic cell penetrating peptides to the N and C terminus of PNAs, and studied their physical and biological properties. After solid-phase automated synthesis, PNA-CPPs: TAT/Arg9) were coupled with lipids or phospholipids before cleavage from the support and then purified by HPLC. The conjugates were characterized by UV-vis and MALDI, and by …

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High Speed Networking In The Multi-Core Era, Benjamin Wun Jan 2011

High Speed Networking In The Multi-Core Era, Benjamin Wun

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High speed networking is a demanding task that has traditionally been performed in dedicated, purpose built hardware or specialized network processors. These platforms sacrifice flexibility or programmability in favor of performance. Recently, there has been much interest in using multi-core general purpose processors for this task, which have the advantage of being easily programmable and upgradeable. The best way to exploit these new architectures for networking is an open question that has been the subject of much recent research. In this dissertation, I explore the best way to exploit multi-core general purpose processors for packet processing applications. This includes both …

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The Role Of Schwann Cell Mitochondrial Metabolism In Schwann Cell Biology And Axonal Survival, Andreu Viader Jan 2011

The Role Of Schwann Cell Mitochondrial Metabolism In Schwann Cell Biology And Axonal Survival, Andreu Viader

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a common cause of peripheral neuropathies. While the role of neuronal and axonal mitochondria in peripheral nerve disease is well appreciated, whether Schwann cell: SC) mitochondrial deficits contribute to peripheral neuropathies is unclear. Greater insight into the biology and pathology of SC mitochondrial metabolism could be relevant to the treatment of peripheral neuropathies, particularly because SCs critically support axonal stability and function as well as promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The present thesis investigates the contribution of SC mitochondrial deficits to disease progression in peripheral neuropathies as well as the gene regulatory network that drives the …

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Mixed-Mode Control Interfaces Of Mobile Robot Teams, Erik Karulf Jan 2011

Mixed-Mode Control Interfaces Of Mobile Robot Teams, Erik Karulf

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

We propose applying various techniques and ideas, from video games, to the design of a task-level control interface for teams of mobile robots. The control interface, which visually resembles a video game and contains the functional elements of traditional robot control software, was designed and implemented using the ROS software framework. Unlike previous interfaces in the literature, our interface allows the user to control more than one robot and supports "sliding autonomy." This application allows the user to assign differing levels of independence to the robots dynamically, dependent on the situation. We present an overview of the implemented system, a …

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The Effects Of Response Modality On Retrieval, Adam Putnam Jan 2011

The Effects Of Response Modality On Retrieval, Adam Putnam

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

The testing effect refers to the finding that retrieval practice can lead to enhanced recall on future tests. Despite being a widely researched phenomenon, the underlying mechanisms of the testing effect remain unknown, and basic issues are unresolved. The purpose of these experiments was to investigate how different response modalities influence retrieval both on initial and delayed tests. More specifically, we were interested in whether subjects can recall more via writing or speaking, whether writing: or speaking) on a first test can lead to better performance on a second test: and whether the type of second test would matter), and …

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Individual Differences And Notetaking: Exploring Alternative Strategies For Improved Test Performance, Dung Bui Jan 2011

Individual Differences And Notetaking: Exploring Alternative Strategies For Improved Test Performance, Dung Bui

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Three experiments examined notetaking strategies and their relation to test performance. In Experiment 1, participants handwrote or typed lecture notes, and were instructed to organize their notes or to transcribe the lecture. Notetaking with computers led to better test performance than taking handwritten notes. Moreover, transcribing with computers resulted in better test performance compared to those who took organized notes with computers. Because computers resulted in the best test performance, the subsequent experiments focused on notetaking using computers. Experiment 2 showed that organized notes produced the best recall after a delay, consistent with the levels-of-processing framework. However, when participants restudied …

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'If We Govern Ourselves, Whose Son Is To Govern Us?': Youth, Independence And The 1960s In Lesotho, John Aerni-Flessner Jan 2011

'If We Govern Ourselves, Whose Son Is To Govern Us?': Youth, Independence And The 1960s In Lesotho, John Aerni-Flessner

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Young people in Lesotho worked actively to bring about their own conceptions of the nation in late colonial and early independence Lesotho. These youth drew on a wide range of local, national and international ideas to push for institutional change that would benefit themselves as individuals, and the nation as a whole. Tapping into larger global debates about development, the Cold War and the role of youth in societies, young Basotho actively participated in and wanted a say in the changes coming with independence. This work rethinks African nationalism, seeing a wider range of people willing and able to identify …

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Advances In Real-Time Thoracic Guidance Systems, Ryan Smith Jan 2011

Advances In Real-Time Thoracic Guidance Systems, Ryan Smith

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Substantial tissue motion: >1cm) arises in the thoracic/abdominal cavity due to respiration. There are many clinical applications in which localizing tissue with high accuracy: <1mm) is important. Potential applications include radiation therapy, radio frequency ablation, lung/liver biopsies, and brachytherapy seed placement. Recent efforts have made highly accurate sub-mm 3D localization of discrete points available via electromagnetic: EM) position monitoring. Technology from Calypso Medical allows for simultaneous tracking of up to three implanted wireless transponders. Additionally, Medtronic Navigation uses wired electromagnetic tracking to guide surgical tools for image guided surgery: IGS). Utilizing real-time EM position monitoring, a prototype system was developed to guide a therapeutic linear accelerator to follow a moving target: tumor) within the lung/abdomen. In a clinical setting, electromagnetic transponders would be bronchoscopically implanted into the lung of the patient in or near the tumor. These transponders would ax to the lung tissue in a stable manner and allow real-time position knowledge throughout a course of radiation therapy. During each dose of radiation, the beam is either halted when the target is outside of a given threshold, or in a later study the beam follows the target in real-time based on the EM position monitoring. We present quantitative analysis of the accuracy and efficiency of the radiation therapy tumor tracking system. EM tracking shows promise for IGS applications. Tracking the position of the instrument tip allows for minimally invasive intervention and alleviates the trauma associated with conventional surgery. Current clinical IGS implementations are limited to static targets: e.g. craniospinal, neurological, and orthopedic intervention. We present work on the development of a respiratory correlated image guided surgery: RCIGS) system. In the RCIGS system, target positions are modeled via respiratory correlated imaging: 4DCT) coupled with a breathing surrogate representative of the patient's respiratory phase/amplitude. Once the target position is known with respect to the surrogate, intervention can be performed when the target is in the correct location. The RCIGS system consists of imaging techniques and custom developed software to give visual and auditory feedback to the surgeon indicating both the proper location and time for intervention. Presented here are the details of the IGS lung system along with quantitative results of the system accuracy in motion phantom, ex-vivo porcine lung, and human cadaver environments.

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Integrity, Identity, And Why Moral Exemplars Do What Is Right, David Bauman Jan 2011

Integrity, Identity, And Why Moral Exemplars Do What Is Right, David Bauman

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Many people think that integrity is a central concept for moral reasoning. Political, educational, and business leaders tout the importance of integrity for our society's moral health. But there are reasons to doubt that it is solely a moral concept. Our intuitions seem to confirm that a committed Mafia boss may have some form of integrity. Or one might say that integrity is the mere expression of other moral commitments or depict it as a formal virtue lacking any moral content. Others question whether or not it is even desirable or achievable. In this dissertation, I develop an account of …

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What Good Is Engagement? Predicting Academic Performance And College Satisfaction From Personality, Social Support, And Student Engagement, Timothy Bono Jan 2011

What Good Is Engagement? Predicting Academic Performance And College Satisfaction From Personality, Social Support, And Student Engagement, Timothy Bono

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

This dissertation identifies variables that predict academic performance and university satisfaction among 146 undergraduate students at Washington University tested during their first semester of freshman year and later as sophomores or juniors. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that, after controlling for SAT scores, freshman levels of conscientiousness and upperclass Academic Engagement predict higher GPA. Freshman levels of life satisfaction, Co-curricular Engagement, and low regret, and upperclass levels of happiness, social support, and low regret predict university satisfaction. A quantifiable model of Student Engagement is also offered. Further, results demonstrate that, over the college years, personality and student engagement change over time. …

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The Accuracy Of Initial Trust Judgments, Rachel Campagna Jan 2011

The Accuracy Of Initial Trust Judgments, Rachel Campagna

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This dissertation is dedicated to answer the questions: are we able to achieve accuracy in our initial trust perceptions: study 1) and what mechanism may account for this accuracy: study 2)? The first study conducted was field based, using temporary student teams. I used the social relations model: SRM) to determine how trust perceptions shift over time relative to individual and team perceptions. I found that individuals' perceptions remain moderately consistent over time and calibrated with their teams' perception only in terms of integrity perceptions. Further, individuals were able to achieve meta-accuracy: "I know how much you trust me") at …

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The Manipulated Mechanism: Towards An Account Of The Experimental Discovery Of Mechanistic Explanations, Donald Goodman-Wilson Jan 2011

The Manipulated Mechanism: Towards An Account Of The Experimental Discovery Of Mechanistic Explanations, Donald Goodman-Wilson

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Recent work in the philosophy of biology has sought after an account of mechanistic explanation. Biologists frequently encounter causal relationships that beg for explanation. For example, genes appear to encode for particular phenotypes. How does gene expression work? Biologists posit mechanisms to explain the link between cause and effect. Thus, gene expression would be explained by an appeal to a complex mechanism linking the gene to the phenotype, as such an appeal will provide answers to broad ranges of "how" and "why" questions about the causal relationship, and predict novel effects. Here, I focus on a recent problem raised for …

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Asset Effects For Children With Disabilities: Analysis Of Educational And Health Outcomes, Jin Huang Jan 2011

Asset Effects For Children With Disabilities: Analysis Of Educational And Health Outcomes, Jin Huang

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

In the last two decades, asset-based social policies, which encourage families, especially low-income families, to accumulate assets by providing appropriate institutional settings, have received increasing attention from policymakers and researchers. Various programs and strategies have been outlined to improve saving and asset ownership opportunities in disadvantaged populations. Although there are multiple proposals of asset-based programs for children with disabilities, few of them have been implemented. To better inform asset-based policy practices for children with disabilities, this study examines asset effects for this population using the secondary survey data. Asset effects refer to the hypothesized positive influences of household assets on …

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The Effects Of Visuospatial Sequence Training With Children Who Are Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing, Michelle Gremp Jan 2011

The Effects Of Visuospatial Sequence Training With Children Who Are Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing, Michelle Gremp

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Abstract Despite advances in hearing aid and cochlear implant technologies, many children who are deaf or hard of hearing continue to lag behind typically hearing peers in language and reading abilities. Additionally, there is a high degree of variability in language outcomes among children with a hearing loss. Evidence indicates that auditory input provides a foundation not only for speech and language development but for cognitive functions such as sequence memory and learning ability. This study investigated a variety of cognitive functions with two major aims in mind: 1) to verify differences between children who are deaf or hard of …

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Identification Of Genetic And Epigenetic Risk Factors For Psoriasis And Psoratic Arthritis, Ying Liu Jan 2011

Identification Of Genetic And Epigenetic Risk Factors For Psoriasis And Psoratic Arthritis, Ying Liu

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Psoriasis: PS) is a common incurable inflammatory skin disease affecting 2-3% of the European population. ~10-30% of patients develop psoriatic arthritis: PsA). Genetic variation in the major histocompatibility complex: MHC) increases risk of developing PS. However, only ~10% of individuals with this risk factor develop PS, indicating that other genetic effects and environmental triggers are important. In order to identify novel susceptibility genes of PS and PsA, I performed the first large scale genome wide association scan for psoriasis susceptibility loci using 233 cases and 519 controls. It revealed that genes of the immune system and of the barrier are …

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The Functions Of Autophagy Genes In Lymphocytes And Osteoclasts, Brian Miller Jan 2011

The Functions Of Autophagy Genes In Lymphocytes And Osteoclasts, Brian Miller

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

Macroautophagy: herein autophagy) is a process by which cells degrade long-lived proteins and organelles. The autophagy pathway and autophagy genes have been implicated in many functions in the cell such as protecting against metabolic stress, degrading damaged organelles, and regulating vesicular trafficking. To study the role of autophagy in primary cells with important physiologic functions, we generated mice lacking essential autophagy genes in B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and osteoclasts. We found that the essential autophagy gene Atg5 was important for B cell development and for the maintenance of B-1a B cell numbers but not peripheral B-2 B cell numbers. In …

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Asymmetry Dependence Of Correlations In Exotic Nuclei, Rebecca Shane Jan 2011

Asymmetry Dependence Of Correlations In Exotic Nuclei, Rebecca Shane

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This work will discuss two experiments which seek to elucidate the asymmetry dependence of correlations in exotic nuclei. In the first experiment, a digital-signal-processing technique was developed to measure the neutron total cross section of the rare: but stable) isotope 48Ca using a sample that is an order of magnitude smaller than would be required for the conventional technique. The isotopic and energy dependence of neutron total cross sections: e.g. the difference in neutron total cross section between symmetric 40Ca and neutron-rich 48Ca, as a function of energy) is sensitive to the asymmetry dependence of the surface imaginary potential in …

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Skeletal Muscle Impairments In People With Diabetes And Peripheral Neuropathy, Lori Tuttle Jan 2011

Skeletal Muscle Impairments In People With Diabetes And Peripheral Neuropathy, Lori Tuttle

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Abstract of the Dissertation Skeletal Muscle Impairments in People with Diabetes and Peripheral Neuropathy by Lori Jeanne Tuttle Doctor of Philosophy in Movement Science Washington University in St. Louis, 2011 Dr. Michael J. Mueller, Chairperson Diabetes mellitus: DM) is a chronic disease that affects almost 24 million people and has large socioeconomic costs. Of these 24 million people, 60-70 % will develop some form of nervous system impairment, including peripheral neuropathy: PN). It is important to understand muscle structure and impairments in people with DM+PN in order to determine appropriate interventions to limit the disability that is associated with DM+PN. …

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Methyl Halide Cluster Anion Photoelectron Spectra And Angular Distributions As A Probe Of Electron-Molecule Interactions, Matthew Van Duzor Jan 2011

Methyl Halide Cluster Anion Photoelectron Spectra And Angular Distributions As A Probe Of Electron-Molecule Interactions, Matthew Van Duzor

All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

This dissertation describes the development of a method for studying electron &ndash molecule interactions using cluster anion photodetachment. Photodetachment from an atomic centered cluster anion produces a free electron and a residual neutral species at a geometry near that of the unperturbed neutral ground state. Evidence of the free electron &ndash molecule interactions, manifested in the photoelectron spectra and angular distributions, are elucidated through comparison to photodetachment data from the unsolvated atomic anion in question. Results are presented from number of monosolvated anion studies, including I&minus· CH3I, I&minus· CH3Br, I&minus· CH3Cl and Cl&minus· CH …

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Han'gul For The Nation, The Nation For Han'gul: The Korean Language Movement, 1894-1945, Daniel Pieper Jan 2011

Han'gul For The Nation, The Nation For Han'gul: The Korean Language Movement, 1894-1945, Daniel Pieper

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No abstract provided.

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